CLAS/KIN-2850

Medical Terminology

CHAPTER 1
Terminations
 Section One:
Primary Suffixes
 Primary Suffixes

suffix = ending = termination


A suffix is primary if it is composed of one basic part.
Derived suffixes are composed of multiple basic
parts.
 E.g. (primary) x-ia, “an abnormal condition involving x”
 E.g. (derived) x-os-is, “an abnormal condition involving x”
 (I’ll say “x” in such examples as a placeholder. X may refer
to any part of the body, unless otherwise indicated.)
 Primary Suffixes: Verbs (1.1)

1.1: x-ize
 to (do the action of) x
 to make (something) x


Note that other verbal terminations do exist, but
we do not cover them here because the way
they form complete words is less predictable.
 Primary Suffixes: Verbs (1.1)

1.1: x-ize
 to (do the action of) x
 to make (something) x


finalize
 Primary Suffixes: Verbs (1.1)

1.1: x-ize
 to (do the action of) x
 to make (something) x


final-ize – to make (something) final
 Note that I will often provide such non-medical
examples as this when they are familiar from
everyday speech, before turning to actual medical
examples.
 Primary Suffixes: Verbs (1.1)

1.1: x-ize
 to (do the action of) x
 to make (something) x


allergize

tonsillectomize
 Primary Suffixes: Verbs (1.1)

1.1: x-ize
 to (do the action of) x
 to make (something) x


allerg-ize – to make (someone) allergic

tonsill-ectom-ize – to cut out a/the tonsil(s)
 Remember, in this chapter we are only learning terminations. Since
medical terms consist of more than just terminations, these examples
have to introduce combining forms (e.g. “allerg-o-” and “tonsill-o-”)
that you will not learn until later chapters.
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

Note that in everyday (non-technical) English, most
words can be made into adjectives simply by placing
them in front of a noun. (e.g. “salad bowl”)

Medical dictionaries will regularly use the phrase
“pertaining to” (p.t.) in an equivalent way.
 shoulder pain = pain p.t. a shoulder
 arm infection = infection p.t. an arm
 skin disease = disease p.t. the skin

1.2-1.10 are the most common adjectival terminations,
though others exist. They almost all mean “p.t. x”.
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.2: x-al
 p.t. x


coastal
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.2: x-al
 p.t. x


coast-al – p.t. the coast

map of Manitoba (coast at north-east)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Canada_Manitoba_relief_location_map.jpg
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.2: x-al
 p.t. x


retinal

cranial

costal
 Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.2: x-al
 p.t. x


retin-al – p.t. the retina

crani-al – p.t. the skull

cost-al – p.t. the ribs


Remember that adjectives modify nouns, so terms such as those above
will typically be found with nouns.
 e.g. cranial incision – an incision p.t. the skull
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.3: x-ic
 p.t. x


lycanthropic
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.3: x-ic
 p.t. x


lyc-anthrop-ic – p.t. a lycanthrope
 (i.e. p.t. a wolf-man)

a lycanthropic Lon Cheney Jr. c. 1941

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:HorrorMonstersNo1Pg1Crop_(black_
and_white).png
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.3: x-ic
 p.t. x


ophthalmic

thoracic

tympanic
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.3: x-ic
 p.t. x


ophthalm-ic – p.t. the eyes

thorac-ic – p.t. the chest

tympan-ic – p.t. the middle ear
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.4: x-ous
 p.t. x


humorous
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.4: x-ous
 p.t. x


humor-ous – p.t. humour
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.4: x-ous
 p.t. x


ligamentous

tendinous

sanguin(e)ous
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.4: x-ous
 p.t. x


ligament-ous – p.t. the ligaments

tendin-ous – p.t. the tendons

sanguin(e)-ous – p.t. (the) blood
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.5: x-ary
 p.t. x


urinary
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.5: x-ary
 p.t. x


urin-ary – p.t. (the) urine
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.6: x-ar
 p.t. x


solar
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.6: x-ar
 p.t. x


sol-ar – p.t. the sun (from Latin sol)

Roman gold coin of 197 depicting (at right) Sol, god of the sun
London, British Museum, 1998,1204.1
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1998-1204-1
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.6: x-ar
 p.t. x


scapular

muscular

ocular
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.6: x-ar
 p.t. x


scapul-ar – p.t. the shoulder blade

muscul-ar – p.t. the muscles

ocul-ar – p.t. the eyes
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.7: x-an
 p.t. x


Manitoban
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.7: x-an
 p.t. x


Manitob-an – p.t. Manitoba
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.7: x-an
 p.t. x


caesarean
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.7: x-an
 p.t. x


caesar-e-an – p.t. Caesar cutting (from Latin
caedere = “to cut”)

a bust p.t. Gaius Iulius (Julius) Caesar

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caesar-Altes-Museum-Berlin.jpg
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.8: x-ine
 p.t. x


canine
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.8: x-ine
 p.t. x


can-ine – p.t. a dog

canine stamp from the Dominion of Newfoundland

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Newfoundlanddogstamp.jpg
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.8: x-ine
 p.t. x


pelvine

palatine
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.8: x-ine
 p.t. x


pelv-ine – p.t. the pelvis

palat-ine – p.t. the palate
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.9: x-ac
 p.t. x


aphrodisiac
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.9: x-ac
 p.t. x


aphrodis-i-ac = p.t. love/sex

(from Greek Ἀφροδίτη)

5th-century BCE Athenian kylix (wine cup) depicting Aphrodite

London, British Museum, 1864,1007.77
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1864-1007-77
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.9: x-ac
 p.t. x


cardiac
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.9: x-ac
 p.t. x


card-i-ac – p.t. the heart
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.10: x-oid
 resembling x
 not “p.t. x”


android
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.10: x-oid
 resembling x
 not “p.t. x”


andr-oid – resembling a man


(Note that adjectives can be made “substantive” as nouns,
hence we can speak of (e.g.) a Manitoban, an aphrodisiac,
an android, when these refer to people and things.)
Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.10: x-oid
 resembling x
 not “p.t. x”


bacteroid

cardioid

dermoid

embryoid
 Primary Suffixes: Adjectives (1.2-1.10)

1.10: x-oid
 resembling x
 not “p.t. x”


bacter-oid – resembling bacteria

card-i-oid – resembling the heart

derm-oid – resembling the skin

embry-oid – resembling an embryo


There is an -oid for almost anything in medical terminology!
Primary Suffixes: Nouns (1.11-1.13)

1.11: x-ia
 an abnormal condition involving x


dactylia
Primary Suffixes: Nouns (1.11-1.13)

1.11: x-ia
 an abnormal condition involving x


dactyl-ia – an abnormal condition involving
a/the digit(s)
Primary Suffixes: Nouns (1.11-1.13)

1.12: x-ist
 one who (does the action of) x
 one who specializes in x


dactyloscopist

dentist

classicist
Primary Suffixes: Nouns (1.11-1.13)

1.12: x-ist

one who (does the action of) x

one who specializes in x


dactyl-o-scop-ist – one who examines a/the
digit(s)

dent-ist – one who teeths specializes in (the)
teeth

classic-ist – one who specializes in (the) classics
Primary Suffixes: Nouns (1.11-1.13)

1.13: x-in
 a substance (which does the action) of x


cytotoxin
Primary Suffixes: Nouns (1.11-1.13)

1.13: x-in
 a substance (which does the action) of x


cyt-o-tox-in – a substance which poisons cells
Primary Suffixes: Nouns (1.11-1.13)

Note these additional noun endings, which are
not always predictable in a formulaic way.
 -e
 -is
 -ism
 -s
 -y
 Section Two:
Derived Suffixes:
Diagnostic Terminations
 Diagnostic Terminations

diagnostic ≠ p.t. a problem/disorder


Of course diagnostic terminations may refer to
medical problems, but they may also refer to
healthy processes and things.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.14: x-it-is
 the inflammation of x


laryngoiditis


laryngoiditic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.14: x-it-is
 the inflammation of x


laryng-oid-it-is – the inflammation of something
resembling the larynx


laryng-oid-it-ic – p.t. the inflammation of something
resembling the larynx
 Note the existence of adjectival forms of these noun suffixes.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.15: x-o-rrhex-is
 the rupturing of x (if x can be ruptured)
 the rupturing of something involving x (if x cannot be
ruptured)

If in doubt, assume that x can (unfortunately) be ruptured!


arthralorrhexis


arthralorrhectic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.15: x-o-rrhex-is
 the rupturing of (something involving) x


arthr-al-o-rrhex-is – the rupturing of something p.t.
a/the joint(s)


arthr-al-o-rrhect-ic – p.t. the rupturing of something
p.t. a/the joint(s)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.16: x-o-schis-is
 the splitting of x
 Note that this can refer to the presence of a cleft.


cranioschisis


cranioschistic


cranioschitic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.16: x-o-schis-is

the splitting of x


crani-o-schis-is – the splitting of the skull


crani-o-schist-ic – p.t. the splitting of the skull


crani-osch-it-ic – p.t. the inflammation (1.14) of the scrotum,
involving the skull

Note that some of these examples use made-up terms, for the
purposes of demonstration.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.17: x-ias-is
 the abnormal presence of x


craniasis


caniastic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.17: x-ias-is
 the abnormal presence of x


cran-ias-is – the abnormal presence of something
involving the skull


can-iast-ic – p.t. the abnormal presence of dogs
 Note that while -iasis usually forms adjectives of the form -
iastic, the alternate form -iasic is also found. (e.g. lithiasic)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.17: x-ias-is
 the abnormal presence of x


x-o-path-ias-is
 the abnormal presence of a disease of x
 While it may seem redundant, such formations do exist.
The termination -iasis is sometimes used as an intensifier,
in this case indicating that the disease of x in question is
very severe.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.18: x-o-clas-is
 the breaking of x


iconoclasis


iconoclastic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.18: x-o-clas-is
 the breaking of x


icon-o-clas-is – the breaking of images


icon-o-clast-ic – p.t. the breaking of images
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.19: x-os-is
 an abnormal condition involving x


neurosis


neurotic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.19: x-os-is
 an abnormal condition involving x


neur-os-is – an abnormal condition involving
(a/the) nerve(s)


neur-ot-ic – p.t. an abnormal condition involving
(a/the) nerve(s)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.19: x-os-is
 an abnormal condition involving x


Note that there is no difference in meaning
between (e.g.) “neurosis” and “neuria”.
 x-ia (1.11) = x-osis (1.19)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.19: x-os-is
 an abnormal condition involving x


psych-ot-iasis – the abnormal presence of an
abnormal condition involving the mind
 otiasis = osis (1.19) + iasis (1.17)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.19: x-os-is
 an abnormal condition involving x


x-o-necrot-os-is
 an abnormal condition involving the death of (1.32) x
 Note that whatever immediately precedes the suffix -
osis does not itself necessarily have an abnormal
condition (as in this example: death itself is not ill),
hence we speak of a condition “involving” x rather than
a condition “of” x.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.20: x-o-path-y
 a disease of x


psychopathy


psychopathic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.20: x-o-path-y
 a disease of x


psych-o-path-y – a disease of the mind


psych-o-path-ic – p.t. a disease of the mind
 Remember that such formulaic definitions are vague: medical
dictionaries, diagnostic manuals, etc., will describe what these
terms actually mean in more detail.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.21: x-o-megal-y
 the enlargement of x


hepatomegaly


hepatomegalic


hepaticomegalic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.21: x-o-megal-y
 the enlargement of x


hepat-o-megal-y – the enlargement of the liver


hepat-o-megal-ic – p.t. the enlargement of the liver


hepat-ic-o-megal-ic – p.t. the enlargement of something p.t. the
liver
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.22: x-o-phag-y
 the ingestion of x
 = x-o-phag-ia


x-o-phag-ist
 one who ingests/eats x

trich-o-phag-ist – one who ingests (their own) hair
 one who specializes in (i.e. studies/treats) the ingestion of x

cyt-o-phag-ist – one who specializes in the ingestion of cells (i.e. not
someone who is really good at eating cells, but rather a kind of medical
specialist)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.23: x-o-genes-is
 the production of x


x-o-genet-ic
 p.t. the production of x


lithogenetic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.23: x-o-genes-is
 the production of x


x-o-genet-ic
 p.t. the production of x


lith-o-genet-ic – p.t. the production of calculi
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.24: x-o-poies-is
 the formation of x


x-o-poiet-ic
 p.t. the formation of x


galactopoiesis
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.24: x-o-poies-is
 the formation of x


x-o-poiet-ic
 p.t. the formation of x


galact-o-poies-is – the formation (i.e. production) of
milk
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.25: x-o-kines-is
 the movement of x


x-o-kinet-ic
 p.t. the movement of x
 (Yet we speak of “kinesiology” and not kinetiology!)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

Note that terminations 1.26-1.31 end in -ia, and
1.32-1.35 end in -osis.

In these instances, the endings should simply
be thought of as parts of the termination. They
should not be translated with the phrase “an
abnormal condition”.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.26: x-algia
 pain in/involving x


podalgia


brachiokinetalgia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.26: x-algia
 pain in/involving x


pod-algia – pain in a/the foot/feet
 If pain can be felt there (e.g. in a part of the body), say pain “in” x.


brachi-o-kinet-algia – pain involving the movement of (1.25) an/the
arm(s)
 Otherwise (e.g. in something more abstract like “movement”), say
pain “involving” x.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.27: x-odynia
 pain in/involving x


pododynia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.27: x-odynia
 pain in/involving x


pod-odynia – pain in a/the foot/feet
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.28: x-o-plegia
 the paralysis of x


glossoplegia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.28: x-o-plegia
 the paralysis of x


gloss-o-plegia – the paralysis of the tongue


If x cannot be paralyzed (i.e. cannot suffer a complete
or partial loss of function), then say “the paralysis of
something involving x” instead.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.29: x-o-penia
 a deficiency of x


leukopenia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.29: x-o-penia
 a deficiency of x


leuk-o-penia – a deficiency of white things (i.e. of
white blood cells)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.30: x-o-rrhagia
 the rapid flowing of (something from) x


hemorrhage


craniorrhagic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.30: x-o-rrhagia
 the rapid flowing of (something from) x


hem-o-rrhage – the rapid flowing of blood
 Note the alternate ending in -e.


crani-o-rrhag-ic – p.t. the rapid flowing of something from the
skull
 The skull itself (hopefully) doesn’t flow, hence “something
from” the skull flows instead in this example.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.31: x-o-malacia
 the softening of x


osteomalacia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.31: x-o-malacia
 the softening of x


oste-o-malacia – the softening of a/the bone(s)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.32: x-o-necrosis
 the death of x
 (x often refers to tissue)


rhinonecrosis


rhinonecrotic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.32: x-o-necrosis
 the death of x
 (x often refers to tissue)


rhin-o-necrosis – the death of the nose


rhin-o-necrot-ic – pt. the death of the nose
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.33: x-o-stenosis
 the narrowing of x


phlebostenosis


phlebostenotic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.33: x-o-stenosis
 the narrowing of x


phleb-o-stenosis – the narrowing of a/the vein/s


phleb-o-stenot-ic – p.t. the narrowing of a/the vein/s
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.34: x-o-sclerosis
 the hardening of x


craniosclerosis


craniosclerotosis
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.34: x-o-sclerosis
 the hardening of x


crani-o-sclerosis – the hardening of the skull


crani-o-sclerot-osis – an abnormal condition involving
(1.19) the hardening of the skull
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.35: x-o-ptosis
 the downward displacement of x


blepharoptosis


blepharoptotic
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.35: x-o-ptosis
 the downward displacement of x


blephar-o-ptosis – the downward displacement of
an/the eyelid(s)


blephar-o-ptot-ic – p.t. the downward displacement of
an/the eyelid(s)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.36: x-agra
 gouty pain in x


omagral
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.36: x-agra
 gouty pain in x


om-agr-al – p.t. gouty pain in a/the shoulder(s)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.37: x-o-rrhea
 the flowing of (something from) x


craniorrhea
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.37: x-o-rrhea
 the flowing of (something from) x


crani-o-rrhea – the flowing of something from the skull
 As noted previously in the case of 1.30, the skull
itself does not flow, hence the flowing of “something
from” the skull instead in this example.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.38: x-edema
 the swelling of x


x-edemat-ous
 p.t. the swelling of x


The difference here between 1.14 (inflammation) and
1.38 (swelling) is that swelling is a symptom of
inflammation.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.39: x-o-cele
 the protrusion of (something through) x


encephalocele
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.39: x-o-cele
 the protrusion of (something through) x


encephal-o-cele – the protrusion of the brain
 In general, if x can protrude, say “the protrusion of x”.
 If x cannot protrude, say instead “the protrusion of something through
x”.
 (In the case of “encephalocele”, the term is used to describe the
protrusion of the brain and meninges through a defect in the skull.
Keep in mind that diagnostic terminations can be used to describe
some disturbing things!)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.40: x-o-lith

a calculus in/involving x


A calculus is often called a “stone” in English. Calculus
simply means “little stone” in Latin. Calculi is its plural
form.

“Calculus” in the mathematical sense is so called
because of the use of calculi in an abacus for
mathematical calculation.

The formation of calculi can be called lithiasis.

lith-iasis – the abnormal presence of (1.17) calculi
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.41: x-o-spasm
 a spasm of x


x-o-spast-ic
 p.t. a spasm of x
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.42: x-ismus
 a spasm of x


pharyngismus
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.42: x-ismus
 a spasm of x


pharyng-ismus – a spasm of the pharynx
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

Note that terminations 1.43-1.50 (just like 1.26-1.31)
mostly end in -ia.
 Alternatively, they end in -y. Remember that -ia
and -y are often interchangeable in diagnostic
terminations.

As previously, these endings in -ia should simply be
thought of as parts of the termination. They should
not be translated with the phrase “an abnormal
condition” (1.11).
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.43: x-ectopia
 the displacement of x


laryngectopia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.43: x-ectopia
 the displacement of x


laryng-ectopia – the displacement of the larynx
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.44: x-ectasia
 the distention of x


-ectasia = -ectasis
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.45: x-o-plasia
 the formation of x


chondroplasia


Note that -plasia (1.45) is used much more frequently
than -poiesis (1.24).
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.45: x-o-plasia
 the formation of x


chondr-o-plasia – the formation of cartilage


Note that -plasia (1.45) is used much more frequently
than -poiesis (1.24).
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.46: x-o-dysplasia
 the defective formation of x
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.47: x-o-trophy
 the growth/nourishment of x
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.48: x-o-dystrophy
 the defective growth of x


musculodystrophy


muscular dystrophy


muscularodystrophy
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.48: x-o-dystrophy
 the defective growth of x


muscul-o-dystrophy – the defective growth of a/the muscle(s)


muscul-ar dystrophy – the defective growth p.t. a/the muscle(s)


muscul-ar-o-dystrophy – the defective growth of something p.t. a/the
muscle(s)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.49: x-atrophy
 the lack of growth of x


craniatrophic


craniotrophy
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.49: x-atrophy
 the lack of growth of x


crani-atroph-ic – p.t. the lack of growth of the skull


crani-o-trophy – the growth/nourishment of the skull
 (1.47: x-o-trophy)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.50: x-asthenia
 the lack of strength of x


myasthenia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

1.50: x-asthenia
 the lack of strength of x


my-asthenia – the lack of strength of a/the muscle(s)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

Practice:
Specify the adjectival/combining form!
(e.g. x-iasis >>> x-iastic)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy 
x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis 
x-agra

x-algia 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis 
x-ectopia

x-o-schisis 
x-o-dysplasia

x-edema 
x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy 
x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis 
x-agra

x-algia 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis 
x-ectopia

x-o-schisis 
x-o-dysplasia

x-edema 
x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag- 
x-o-stenosis
ous)

x-o-genesis

x-agra

x-algia 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis 
x-ectopia

x-o-schisis 
x-o-dysplasia

x-edema 
x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra

x-algia 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra

x-algia (x-alg-ic) 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra

x-algia (x-alg-ic) 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra

x-algia (x-alg-ic) 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra

x-algia (x-alg-ic) 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema (x-edemat-ous)

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-
ic)

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous)

x-o-stenosis

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra

x-algia (x-alg-ic) 
x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic) 
x-ectopia

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic) 
x-o-dysplasia

x-edema (x-edemat-ous) 
x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-
ic)

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic)

x-agra

x-algia (x-alg-ic)

x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema (x-edemat-ous)

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-
ic)

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic)

x-agra (x-agr-al)

x-algia (x-alg-ic)

x-o-plasia

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema (x-edemat-ous)

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-
ic)

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic)

x-agra (x-agr-al)

x-algia (x-alg-ic)

x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

x-ectopia

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema (x-edemat-ous)

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous) 
x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-
ic)

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic)

x-agra (x-agr-al)

x-algia (x-alg-ic)

x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic)

x-ectopia (x-ectop-ic)

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic)

x-o-dysplasia

x-edema (x-edemat-ous)

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous)

x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-
ic)

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra (x-agr-al)

x-algia (x-alg-ic) 
x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic) 
x-ectopia (x-ectop-ic)

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic) 
x-o-dysplasia (x-o-

x-edema (x-edemat-ous) dysplast-ic)

x-ectasia
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-iasis (x-iast-ic) 
x-o-malacia (x-o-malac-ic)

x-o-phagy (x-o-phag-ous)

x-o-stenosis (x-o-stenot-
ic)

x-o-genesis (x-o-genet-ic) 
x-agra (x-agr-al)

x-algia (x-alg-ic) 
x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)

x-o-rrhexis (x-o-rrhect-ic) 
x-ectopia (x-ectop-ic)

x-o-schisis (x-o-schist-ic) 
x-o-dysplasia (x-o-

x-edema (x-edemat-ous) dysplast-ic)

x-ectasia (x-ectat-ic)
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-o-cele ?
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

x-o-cele
 This termination has no adjectival/combining form
of its own.
 However, there is a combining form herni-o, made
adjectival as herni-al, which has the same meaning
(“the protrusion of (something through) x”).
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

Note that derived terminations ending in -ia usually
form adjectives in -ic.
 e.g. dactylectopia >>> dactylectopic


However, the primary termination -ia cannot be
made into an adjective.
 E.g. “dactylic” is not the adjectival form of “dactylia,” but
the synonymous “dactylosis” can become the adjective
“dactylotic”.
Diagnostic Terminations (1.14-1.50)

As the textbook says, -ia, -is, -y, and -esis are somewhat
interchangeable as terminations. Note that this applies almost
exclusively to diagnostic terminations.
 We have already seen that -y and -ia can be interchangeable. This is
because the -ia of Latin often becomes a -y in English (sometimes
via the -ie of French: e.g. dystrophia > dystrophie > dystrophy).
 This does not mean that the ending -ia is not used in English though.
Note in particular six alternate Latinate forms used in English: x-o-
pathia (1.20), x-o-megalia (1.21), x-o-phagia (1.22), x-o-trophia
(1.47), x-o-dystrophia (1.48), and x-atrophia (1.49).
 Note as well the English variant forms x-o-clasia (1.18), x-o-poiesia
(1.24), x-o-kinesia (1.25), and x-ectasis (1.44).
 Part Three:
Derived Suffixes:
Therapeutic Terminations
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

Reminder:
 1.14-1.50: diagnostic terminations
 1.51-1.78: (mostly) therapeutic terminations


Diagnostic terminations refer to medical problems (among other things), whereas
therapeutic terminations refer to the medical treatment of such problems.
 Since they concern treatment, therapeutic terminations never refer to procedures that
would deliberately kill a patient. In contrast, diagnostic terminations may describe
fatal conditions. (Diagnostic terminations may be terminal, but therapeutic termations
do not terminate, as it were.)
 This must be reflected in our definitions of terms, e.g. craniectomy – “the cutting out
of something involving the skull” (not the necessarily fatal “cutting out of the skull”
itself).
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.51: x-o-therapy
 treatment by means of x


chemotherapy
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.51: x-o-therapy
 treatment by means of x


chem-o-therapy – treatment by means of
chemicals
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.52: x-iatry
 the healing of x


psychiatry
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.52: x-iatry
 the healing of x


psych-iatry – the healing of the mind
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.53: x-o-stasis
 the stopping of x


phlebostasis
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.53: x-o-stasis
 the stopping of x


phleb-o-stasis – the stopping of something
involving the veins
 “temporary sequestration of a portion of the
blood from the general circulation by
application of tourniquets on an extremity”
(Dorland’s)
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.54: x-o-plasty
 the surgical repairing of x


cuboplasia


cuboplasty


cuboplastic
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.54: x-o-plasty
 the surgical repairing of x


cub-o-plasia – the formation of a cube (1.45)


cub-o-plasty – the surgical repairing of a cube


cub-o-plast-ic
 p.t. the formation of a cube (1.45)
 p.t. the surgical repairing of a cube (1.54)
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.55: x-o-centesis
 the surgical puncturing of x


amniocentesis
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.55: x-o-centesis
 the surgical puncturing of x


amni-o-centesis – the surgical puncturing of
the amnion
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.56: x-o-rrhaphy
 the suturing of x


duodenorrhaphy
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.56: x-o-rrhaphy
 the suturing of x


duoden-o-rrhaphy – the suturing of the duodenum
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.57: x-o-tomy 
tonsillotomy
 the cutting of x


1.58: x-ectomy

tonsillectomy
 the cutting out of x

craniostomize

1.59: x-o-stomy
 the making of an opening
in x 
craniostomist
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.57: x-o-tomy 
tonsill-o-tomy – the cutting of a/the
tonsil(s)
 the cutting of x

tonsill-ectomy – the cutting out of
a/the tonsil(s)

1.58: x-ectomy
 the cutting out of x

crani-o-stom-ize – to make an
opening in the skull (1.1: -ize)

1.59: x-o-stomy
 the making of an opening 
crani-o-stom-ist – one who makes
in x an opening in the skull (1.12: -ist)
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.60: x-ics
 the science of x


physics


craniomegalics
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.60: x-ics
 the science of x


phys-ics – the science of nature (Gr. φύσις,
physis)


crani-o-megal-ics – the science of the
enlargement of the skull
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.60 (x-ics) + 1.12 (x-ist): x-icist
 one who specializes in the science of x


craniogeneticist
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.60 (x-ics) + 1.12 (x-ist): x-icist
 one who specializes in the science of x


crani-o-genet-icist – one who specializes in the
science of the production of the skull
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.61: x-o-logy
 the study of x


biology


biologic


biological


craniomegalogy
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.61: x-o-logy
 the study of x


bi-o-logy – the study of life (Gr. βίος, bios)

bi-o-log-ic – p.t. the study of life

bi-o-log-ic-al – pt. something p.t. the study of life
 In practice, there is no difference in meaning between “biologic” and “biological” and other
such terms, though this is not always the case in everyday language (e.g. economic vs.
economical).

crani-o-mega-logy – the study of the enlargement of the skull
 We might expect the spelling “craniomegalology” (crani-o-megal-o-logy) instead, but this is
avoided since it is found so awkward to say.
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.62: x-o-scopy
 the examination of x


craniatrophicoscopy
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.62: x-o-scopy
 the examination of x


crani-atroph-ic-o-scopy – the examination of
something p.t. the lack of growth of the skull
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.63: x-o-metry
 the measurement of x


coreometry
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.63: x-o-metry
 the measurement of x


core-o-metry – the measurement of a/the pupil(s)
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.64: x-o-graphy
 the recording of x


1.76: x-o-graph
 an instrument for recording x


craniatrophicograph
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.64: x-o-graphy
 the recording of x


1.76: x-o-graph
 an instrument for recording x


crani-atroph-ic-o-graph – an instrument for
recording something p.t. the lack of growth of the
skull
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.65: x-o-pexy
 the adhesion of x (diagnostic)
 the fixation of x (therapeutic)


1.66: x-o-lysis
 the disintegration of x (diagnostic)
 the separation of the adhesions of x (therapeutic)


1.67: x-o-tropism
 the tendency to preferentially affect x (diagnostic or therapeutic)
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.68: x-o-phage
 something (or “a cell”) which ingests x


1.69: x-o-tome
 an instrument for cutting x
 x-o-tom-ic usually means “p.t. the cutting of x” (1.57) rather than “p.t. an instrument for cutting x”
(1.69)


1.70: x-ectome
 an instrument for cutting out x


1.71: x-o-scope
 an instrument for examining x
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.72: x-o-clast
 something which breaks x


osteoclast
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.72: x-o-clast
 something which breaks x


oste-o-clast – something which breaks bone
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.73: x-o-stat
 something which stops x


thermostat
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.73: x-o-stat
 something which stops x


therm-o-stat – something which stops heat (i.e. which
stops the heat from running at a certain maximum
temperature)
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.74: x-o-gen
 a substance which produces x


oncogen
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.74: x-o-gen
 a substance which produces x


onc-o-gen – a substance which produces tumours
 (This example doesn’t directly pertain to medical
treatment: x-o-gen is also used diagnostically.)
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.75: x-o-path
 one with a disease of x


cardiopath
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.75: x-o-path
 one with a disease of x


card-i-o-path – one with a disease of the heart
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.77: x-o-gram
 a record of x


sphygmogram
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.77: x-o-gram
 a record of x


sphygm-o-gram – a record of the pulse
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.78: x-o-meter
 an instrument for measuring x


thermometer
 Therapeutic Terminations (1.51-1.78)

1.78: x-o-meter
 an instrument for measuring x


therm-o-meter – an instrument for measuring heat
 Practice (1/4)

craniomalacize

craniomegalia

craniedematous

craniostenotic

craniopenia

craniolithiasis

craniosclerotogenetic
 Practice (1/4)

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

craniomegalia

craniedematous

craniostenotic

craniopenia

craniolithiasis

craniosclerotogenetic
 Practice (1/4)

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull

craniedematous

craniostenotic

craniopenia

craniolithiasis

craniosclerotogenetic
 Practice (1/4)

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull

crani-edemat-ous – p.t. the swelling of the skull

craniostenotic

craniopenia

craniolithiasis

craniosclerotogenetic
 Practice (1/4)

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull

crani-edemat-ous – p.t. the swelling of the skull

crani-o-stenot-ic – p.t. the narrowing of the skull

craniopenia

craniolithiasis

craniosclerotogenetic
 Practice (1/4)

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull

crani-edemat-ous – p.t. the swelling of the skull

crani-o-stenot-ic – p.t. the narrowing of the skull

crani-o-penia – a deficiency of something involving the
skull

craniolithiasis

craniosclerotogenetic
 Practice (1/4)

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull

crani-edemat-ous – p.t. the swelling of the skull

crani-o-stenot-ic – p.t. the narrowing of the skull

crani-o-penia – a deficiency of something involving the
skull

crani-o-lith-iasis – the abnormal presence of a calculus
in(volving) the skull

craniosclerotogenetic
 Practice (1/4)

crani-o-malac-ize – to soften the skull

crani-o-megalia – the enlargement of the skull

crani-edemat-ous – p.t. the swelling of the skull

crani-o-stenot-ic – p.t. the narrowing of the skull

crani-o-penia – a deficiency of something involving the skull

crani-o-lith-iasis – the abnormal presence of a calculus
in(volving) the skull

crani-o-sclerot-o-genet-ic – p.t. the production of the hardening
of the skull
 Practice (2/4)

laryngodynia

laryngostomin

laryngostomize

laryngostomist

laryngorrheic

laryngorrheogenesis
 Practice (2/4)

laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx

laryngostomin

laryngostomize

laryngostomist

laryngorrheic

laryngorrheogenesis
 Practice (2/4)

laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-in – a substance that makes an
opening in the larynx

laryngostomize

laryngostomist

laryngorrheic

laryngorrheogenesis
 Practice (2/4)

laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-in – a substance that makes an
opening in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-ize – to make an opening in the
larynx

laryngostomist

laryngorrheic

laryngorrheogenesis
 Practice (2/4)

laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-in – a substance that makes an opening
in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-ize – to make an opening in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-ist – one who makes an opening in the
larynx

laryngorrheic

laryngorrheogenesis
 Practice (2/4)

laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-in – a substance that makes an opening
in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-ize – to make an opening in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-ist – one who makes an opening in the
larynx

laryng-o-rrhe-ic – p.t. the flowing of something from
the larynx

laryngorrheogenesis
 Practice (2/4)

laryng-odynia – pain in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-in – a substance that makes an opening in
the larynx

laryng-o-stom-ize – to make an opening in the larynx

laryng-o-stom-ist – one who makes an opening in the
larynx

laryng-o-rrhe-ic – p.t. the flowing of something from the
larynx

laryng-o-rrhe-o-genesis – the production of the flowing of
something from the larynx
 Practice (3/4)

neuredematodysplastic
 Practice (3/4)

neur-edemat-o-dysplast-ic – p.t. the defective
formation of something involving the swelling of
the nerves
 Practice (4/4)

craniototrophic laryngectopodynia
 Practice (4/4)

crani-ot-o-troph-ic laryng-ectop-odynia – pain
involving the displacement of the larynx, p.t. the
growth/nourishment of something involving an
abnormal condition involving the skull
 Part Four:
Everything Else
 Special Adjectives (1.79-1.81)

1.79: x-o-genic 
1.80: x-o-genous
 producing x  produced by x
 not “p.t. the  not “p.t. something
production of x” produced by x”


carcinogenic 
carcinogenous
 Special Adjectives (1.79-1.81)

1.79: x-o-genic 
1.80: x-o-genous
 producing x  produced by x
 not “p.t. the  not “p.t. something
production of x” produced by x”


carcin-o-genic 
carcin-o-genous
 producing cancer  produced by cancer
 Special Adjectives (1.79-1.81)

1.81: x-o-tropic
 preferentially affecting x
 not “p.t. the preferentially affecting of x”


tonsillotropic
 Special Adjectives (1.79-1.81)

1.81: x-o-tropic
 preferentially affecting x
 not “p.t. the preferentially affecting of x”


tonsill-o-tropic – preferentially affecting a/the
tonsil(s)
 Practice

Specify the adjectival/combining form!

 Practice

x-o-therapy 
x-o-pexy

x-iatry 
x-o-lysis

x-o-stasis 
x-o-tropism

x-o-centesis 
x-o-genic

x-o-plasty 
x-o-genous
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis

x-iatry 
x-o-tropism

x-o-stasis 
x-o-genic

x-o-centesis 
x-o-genous

x-o-plasty
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic) 
x-o-tropism

x-o-stasis 
x-o-genic

x-o-centesis 
x-o-genous

x-o-plasty
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic) 
x-o-tropism

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic) 
x-o-genic

x-o-centesis 
x-o-genous

x-o-plasty
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic) 
x-o-tropism

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic) 
x-o-genic

x-o-centesis (x-o- 
x-o-genous
centet-ic)

x-o-plasty
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic)

x-o-tropism

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic)

x-o-genic

x-o-centesis (x-o-centet-
ic) 
x-o-genous

x-o-plasty (x-o-plast-ic)
 x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy (x-o-pect-ic)
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic)

x-o-tropism

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic)

x-o-genic

x-o-centesis (x-o-centet-
ic) 
x-o-genous

x-o-plasty (x-o-plast-ic)
 x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy (x-o-pect-ic)
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis (x-o-lyt-ic)

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic)

x-o-tropism

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic)

x-o-genic

x-o-centesis (x-o-centet-
ic) 
x-o-genous

x-o-plasty (x-o-plast-ic)
 x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy (x-o-pect-ic)
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis (x-o-lyt-ic)

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic)

x-o-tropism (x-o-

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic) tropic)

x-o-centesis (x-o-centet- 
x-o-genic
ic)

x-o-plasty (x-o-plast-ic)

x-o-genous
 x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy (x-o-pect-ic)
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis (x-o-lyt-ic)

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic)

x-o-tropism (x-o-

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic) tropic)

x-o-centesis (x-o-centet- 
x-o-genic (already
ic)
adjectival)

x-o-plasty (x-o-plast-ic) 
x-o-genous
 x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)
 Practice

x-o-therapy (x-o- 
x-o-pexy (x-o-pect-ic)
therapeut-ic) 
x-o-lysis (x-o-lyt-ic)

x-iatry (x-iatr-ic) 
x-o-tropism (x-o-

x-o-stasis (x-o-stat-ic) tropic)

x-o-centesis (x-o-centet-

x-o-genic (already
ic) adjectival)

x-o-plasty (x-o-plast-ic)

x-o-genous (already
adjectival)
 x-o-plasia (x-o-plast-ic)
 Latin Preview!

Remember, we will not “officially” see Latin until
chapter 6.


However, we will note the existence of a few
Latin terminations now (1.82-1.86), and get a bit
of a preview of how they work.
 Latin Preview!

Recall how words placed before a noun in English tend to
function as adjectives.
 e.g. the big red vicious dog

i.e. the dog p.t. bigness (and) p.t. redness (and) p.t. viciousness

 The noun comes at the end of the term.


In Latin medical terminology, the noun comes before the
adjectives instead.
 xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (English)
 cholecystitis xanthogranulomatosa (Latin)
 Adjective I Adjective II
gender + number
Noun [-us, -a, -um] [-al, -ar type]
masc. singular musculus cardiacus cervicalis
masc. plural musculi cardiaci cervicales

fem. singular vena cardiaca cervicalis

fem. plural venae cardiacae cervicales

neut. singular ligamentum cardiacum cervicale

neut. plural ligamenta cardiaca cervicalia
English Adjectival Latin Adjective Latin Adjective Latin Adjective
Ending Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular

2. x-al -alis -alis -ale

3. x-ic -ic/us -ic/a -ic/um
4. x-ous -os/us -os/a -os/um
5. x-ary -ari/us -ari/a -ari/um
6. x-ar -aris -aris -are
7. x-an -an/us -an/a -an/um
8. x-ine -in/us -in/a -in/um
9. x-ac -ac/us -ac/a -ac/um
10. x-oid -oide/us -oide/a -oide/um
 Latin Preview!

Using the charts above, you can already start
turning Latin medical terms into English ones.


arthropathia neurogenosa

encephalitis myalgica

ophthalmitis granularis
 Latin Preview!

Using the charts above, you can already start turning Latin
medical terms into English ones.


arthropathia neurogenosa
 neurogenous arthropathy

encephalitis myalgica
 myalgic encephalitis

ophthalmitis granularis
 granular ophthalmitis
 Latin Preview!

pneumonia pleuritica


dermatitis nasalis


conjunctivitis membranosa


bronchiectasis capillaris


myelopathia cervicalis spondylotica


otorrhea cerebrospinalis
 Latin Preview!

pneumonia pleuritica – pleuritic pneumonia


dermatitis nasalis


conjunctivitis membranosa


bronchiectasis capillaris


myelopathia cervicalis spondylotica


otorrhea cerebrospinalis
 Latin Preview!

pneumonia pleuritica – pleuritic pneumonia


dermatitis nasalis – nasal dermatitis


conjunctivitis membranosa


bronchiectasis capillaris


myelopathia cervicalis spondylotica


otorrhea cerebrospinalis
 Latin Preview!

pneumonia pleuritica – pleuritic pneumonia


dermatitis nasalis – nasal dermatitis


conjunctivitis membranosa – membranous conjunctivitis


bronchiectasis capillaris


myelopathia cervicalis spondylotica


otorrhea cerebrospinalis
 Latin Preview!

pneumonia pleuritica – pleuritic pneumonia


dermatitis nasalis – nasal dermatitis


conjunctivitis membranosa – membranous conjunctivitis


bronchiectasis capillaris – capillary bronchiectasis


myelopathia cervicalis spondylotica


otorrhea cerebrospinalis
 Latin Preview!

pneumonia pleuritica – pleuritic pneumonia


dermatitis nasalis – nasal dermatitis


conjunctivitis membranosa – membranous conjunctivitis


bronchiectasis capillaris – capillary bronchiectasis


myelopathia cervicalis spondylotica – cervical spondylotic myelopathy


otorrhea cerebrospinalis
 Latin Preview!

pneumonia pleuritica – pleuritic pneumonia


dermatitis nasalis – nasal dermatitis


conjunctivitis membranosa – membranous conjunctivitis


bronchiectasis capillaris – capillary bronchiectasis


myelopathia cervicalis spondylotica – cervical spondylotic myelopathy


otorrhea cerebrospinalis – cerebrospinal otorrhea
 Latin Preview!

chondromalacia cystica


thrombophlebitis iliofemoralis


arteriosclerosis cerebralis


thrombocytemia hemorrhagica


varix arterialis


cardiomyopathia ventricularis
 Latin Preview!

chondromalacia cystica – cystic chondromalacia


thrombophlebitis iliofemoralis


arteriosclerosis cerebralis


thrombocytemia hemorrhagica


varix arterialis


cardiomyopathia ventricularis
 Latin Preview!

chondromalacia cystica – cystic chondromalacia


thrombophlebitis iliofemoralis – iliofemoral thrombophlebitis


arteriosclerosis cerebralis


thrombocytemia hemorrhagica


varix arterialis


cardiomyopathia ventricularis
 Latin Preview!

chondromalacia cystica – cystic chondromalacia


thrombophlebitis iliofemoralis – iliofemoral thrombophlebitis


arteriosclerosis cerebralis – cerebral arteriosclerosis


thrombocytemia hemorrhagica


varix arterialis


cardiomyopathia ventricularis
 Latin Preview!

chondromalacia cystica – cystic chondromalacia


thrombophlebitis iliofemoralis – iliofemoral thrombophlebitis


arteriosclerosis cerebralis – cerebral arteriosclerosis


thrombocytemia hemorrhagica – hemorrhagic thrombocytemia


varix arterialis


cardiomyopathia ventricularis
 Latin Preview!

chondromalacia cystica – cystic chondromalacia


thrombophlebitis iliofemoralis – iliofemoral thrombophlebitis


arteriosclerosis cerebralis – cerebral arteriosclerosis


thrombocytemia hemorrhagica – hemorrhagic thrombocytemia


varix arterialis – arterial varix


cardiomyopathia ventricularis
 Latin Preview!

chondromalacia cystica – cystic chondromalacia


thrombophlebitis iliofemoralis – iliofemoral thrombophlebitis


arteriosclerosis cerebralis – cerebral arteriosclerosis


thrombocytemia hemorrhagica – hemorrhagic thrombocytemia


varix arterialis – arterial varix


cardiomyopathia ventricularis – ventricular cardiomyopathy
 Latin Preview!

otalgia dentalis


cheilitis glandularis


meningitis optica


sinusitis frontalis


colitis uremica


lipomatosis renalis
 Latin Preview!

otalgia dentalis – dental otalgia


cheilitis glandularis


meningitis optica


sinusitis frontalis


colitis uremica


lipomatosis renalis
 Latin Preview!

otalgia dentalis – dental otalgia


cheilitis glandularis – glandular cheilitis


meningitis optica


sinusitis frontalis


colitis uremica


lipomatosis renalis
 Latin Preview!

otalgia dentalis – dental otalgia


cheilitis glandularis – glandular cheilitis


meningitis optica – optic meningitis


sinusitis frontalis


colitis uremica


lipomatosis renalis
 Latin Preview!

otalgia dentalis – dental otalgia


cheilitis glandularis – glandular cheilitis


meningitis optica – optic meningitis


sinusitis frontalis – frontal sinusitis


colitis uremica


lipomatosis renalis
 Latin Preview!

otalgia dentalis – dental otalgia


cheilitis glandularis – glandular cheilitis


meningitis optica – optic meningitis


sinusitis frontalis – frontal sinusitis


colitis uremica – uremic colitis


lipomatosis renalis
 Latin Preview!

otalgia dentalis – dental otalgia


cheilitis glandularis – glandular cheilitis


meningitis optica – optic meningitis


sinusitis frontalis – frontal sinusitis


colitis uremica – uremic colitis


lipomatosis renalis – renal lipomatosis
 Latin Preview!

hepatitis pseudoalcoholica


osteosarcoma parosteale


ophthalmoplegia supranuclearis


chondrodysplasia hyperplastica


angiomatosis encephalofacialis


thrombosis intracranialis
 Latin Preview!

hepatitis pseudoalcoholica – pseudoalcoholic hepatitis


osteosarcoma parosteale


ophthalmoplegia supranuclearis


chondrodysplasia hyperplastica


angiomatosis encephalofacialis


thrombosis intracranialis
 Latin Preview!

hepatitis pseudoalcoholica – pseudoalcoholic hepatitis


osteosarcoma parosteale – parosteal osteosarcoma


ophthalmoplegia supranuclearis


chondrodysplasia hyperplastica


angiomatosis encephalofacialis


thrombosis intracranialis
 Latin Preview!

hepatitis pseudoalcoholica – pseudoalcoholic hepatitis


osteosarcoma parosteale – parosteal osteosarcoma


ophthalmoplegia supranuclearis – supranuclear ophthalmoplegia


chondrodysplasia hyperplastica


angiomatosis encephalofacialis


thrombosis intracranialis
 Latin Preview!

hepatitis pseudoalcoholica – pseudoalcoholic hepatitis


osteosarcoma parosteale – parosteal osteosarcoma


ophthalmoplegia supranuclearis – supranuclear ophthalmoplegia


chondrodysplasia hyperplastica – hyperplastic chondrodysplasia


angiomatosis encephalofacialis


thrombosis intracranialis
 Latin Preview!

hepatitis pseudoalcoholica – pseudoalcoholic hepatitis


osteosarcoma parosteale – parosteal osteosarcoma


ophthalmoplegia supranuclearis – supranuclear ophthalmoplegia


chondrodysplasia hyperplastica – hyperplastic chondrodysplasia


angiomatosis encephalofacialis – encephalofacial angiomatosis


thrombosis intracranialis
 Latin Preview!

hepatitis pseudoalcoholica – pseudoalcoholic hepatitis


osteosarcoma parosteale – parosteal osteosarcoma


ophthalmoplegia supranuclearis – supranuclear ophthalmoplegia


chondrodysplasia hyperplastica – hyperplastic chondrodysplasia


angiomatosis encephalofacialis – encephalofacial angiomatosis


thrombosis intracranialis – intracranial thrombosis
 Latin Preview!

membranae cerebrales


musculi nasales


vena glutealis


glandulae ciliares


ligamentum iliofemorale


ganglion sympatheticum
 Latin Preview!

membranae cerebrales – cerebral membranes


musculi nasales


vena glutealis


glandulae ciliares


ligamentum iliofemorale


ganglion sympatheticum
 Latin Preview!

membranae cerebrales – cerebral membranes


musculi nasales – nasal muscles


vena glutealis


glandulae ciliares


ligamentum iliofemorale


ganglion sympatheticum
 Latin Preview!

membranae cerebrales – cerebral membranes


musculi nasales – nasal muscles


vena glutealis – gluteal vein


glandulae ciliares


ligamentum iliofemorale


ganglion sympatheticum
 Latin Preview!

membranae cerebrales – cerebral membranes


musculi nasales – nasal muscles


vena glutealis – gluteal vein


glandulae ciliares – ciliary glands


ligamentum iliofemorale


ganglion sympatheticum
 Latin Preview!

membranae cerebrales – cerebral membranes


musculi nasales – nasal muscles


vena glutealis – gluteal vein


glandulae ciliares – ciliary glands


ligamentum iliofemorale – iliofemoral ligament


ganglion sympatheticum
 Latin Preview!

membranae cerebrales – cerebral membranes


musculi nasales – nasal muscles


vena glutealis – gluteal vein


glandulae ciliares – ciliary glands


ligamentum iliofemorale – iliofemoral ligament


ganglion sympatheticum – sympathetic ganglion
 Latin Preview!

tendo calcaneus


membrana tympanica


nervus retinalis


musculus ocularis


sutura squamomastoidea


sinus sphenoparietalis
 Latin Preview!

tendo calcaneus – calcaneus tendon


membrana tympanica


nervus retinalis


musculus ocularis


sutura squamomastoidea


sinus sphenoparietalis
 Latin Preview!

tendo calcaneus – calcaneus tendon


membrana tympanica – tympanic membrane


nervus retinalis


musculus ocularis


sutura squamomastoidea


sinus sphenoparietalis
 Latin Preview!

tendo calcaneus – calcaneus tendon


membrana tympanica – tympanic membrane


nervus retinalis – retinal nerve


musculus ocularis


sutura squamomastoidea


sinus sphenoparietalis
 Latin Preview!

tendo calcaneus – calcaneus tendon


membrana tympanica – tympanic membrane


nervus retinalis – retinal nerve


musculus ocularis – ocular muscle


sutura squamomastoidea


sinus sphenoparietalis
 Latin Preview!

tendo calcaneus – calcaneus tendon


membrana tympanica – tympanic membrane


nervus retinalis – retinal nerve


musculus ocularis – ocular muscle


sutura squamomastoidea – squamomastoid suture


sinus sphenoparietalis
 Latin Preview!

tendo calcaneus – calcaneus tendon


membrana tympanica – tympanic membrane


nervus retinalis – retinal nerve


musculus ocularis – ocular muscle


sutura squamomastoidea – squamomastoid suture


sinus sphenoparietalis – sphenoparietal sinus
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris

sinus rectales

arteria gastroduodenalis

ligamentum hepatocolicum

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum

glandulae uterinae

ligamenta intercarpalia

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales

arteria gastroduodenalis

ligamentum hepatocolicum

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum

glandulae uterinae

ligamenta intercarpalia

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis

ligamentum hepatocolicum

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum

glandulae uterinae

ligamenta intercarpalia

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis – gastroduodenal arteria

ligamentum hepatocolicum

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum

glandulae uterinae

ligamenta intercarpalia

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis – gastroduodenal arteria

ligamentum hepatocolicum – hepatocolic ligament

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum

glandulae uterinae

ligamenta intercarpalia

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis – gastroduodenal arteria

ligamentum hepatocolicum – hepatocolic ligament

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum – thoracic splanchnic ganglion

glandulae uterinae

ligamenta intercarpalia

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis – gastroduodenal arteria

ligamentum hepatocolicum – hepatocolic ligament

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum – thoracic splanchnic ganglion

glandulae uterinae – uterine glands

ligamenta intercarpalia

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis – gastroduodenal arteria

ligamentum hepatocolicum – hepatocolic ligament

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum – thoracic splanchnic ganglion

glandulae uterinae – uterine glands

ligamenta intercarpalia – intercarpal ligaments

musculi suboccipitales

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis – gastroduodenal arteria

ligamentum hepatocolicum – hepatocolic ligament

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum – thoracic splanchnic ganglion

glandulae uterinae – uterine glands

ligamenta intercarpalia – intercarpal ligaments

musculi suboccipitales – suboccipital muscles

ganglion sublinguale
 Latin Preview!

sutura nasomaxillaris – nasomaxillary suture

sinus rectales – rectal sinuses

arteria gastroduodenalis – gastroduodenal arteria

ligamentum hepatocolicum – hepatocolic ligament

ganglion thoracicum splanchnicum – thoracic splanchnic ganglion

glandulae uterinae – uterine glands

ligamenta intercarpalia – intercarpal ligaments

musculi suboccipitales – suboccipital muscles

ganglion sublinguale – sublingual ganglion
 Latin Preview!

Likewise, you should be able to tell whether the names of terms are
in English or in Latin.


dermatitis seborrheica

intermuscular lipoma

pelvic lipomatosis

lipoma fibrosum

lipomatosis dolorosa

cosmetic dermatitis
 Latin Preview!

Likewise, you should be able to tell whether the names of terms are
in English or in Latin.


dermatitis seborrheica – Latin

intermuscular lipoma – English

pelvic lipomatosis – English

lipoma fibrosum – Latin

lipomatosis dolorosa – Latin

cosmetic dermatitis – English
 Latin Preview!

The following charts provide the English
adjectival/combining forms for the different noun
terminations seen in chapter 1, together with
their Latin equivalents, such as exist.
# Ending Combining English Latin Adjective Latin Noun
Form Adjective (Masculine Singular) (Singular)
1.11 x-ia ------------ ------------ ------------ x-ia
1.14 x-it/is x-it/ x-itic x-iticus/a/um x-itis
1.15 x-o-rrhex/is x-o-rrhect/ x-o-rrhectic x-o-rrhecticus/a/um x-o-rrhexis
1.16 x-o-schis/is x-o-schist/ x-o-schistic x-o-schisticus/a/um x-o-schisis
1.17 x-ias/is x-iast/; x-ias/ x-iastic; x-iasic x-iasticus/a/um; x-iasis
x-iasicus/a/um
1.18 x-o-clas/is; x-o-clast/ x-o-clastic x-o-clasticus/a/um x-o-clasis
x-o-clas/ia;
x-o-clast/y
1.19 x-os/is x-ot/ x-otic x-oticus/a/um x-osis
1.20 x-o-path/y x-o-path/ x-o-pathic x-o-pathicus/a/um x-o-pathia
1.21 x-o-megal/y x-o-megal/ x-o-megalic x-o-megalicus/a/um x-o-megalia
1.22** x-o-phagy x-o-phag/ x-o-phagous x-o-phagosus/a/um x-o-phagia
# Ending Combining English Latin Adjective Latin Noun
Form Adjective (Masculine Singular) (Singular)
1.23 x-o-genes/is x-o-genet/ x-o-genetic x-o-geneticus/a/um x-o-genesis
1.24 x-o-poies/is; x-o-poiet/ x-o-poietic x-o-poieticus/a/um x-o-poiesis;
x-o-poies/ia x-o-poiesia
1.25 x-o-kines/is; x-o-kinet/; x-o-kinetic x-o-kineticus/a/um x-o-kinesis
x-o-kines/ia x-o-kines/
1.26 x-alg/ia x-alg/(i) x-algic x-algicus/a/um x-algia
1.27 x-odyn/ia x-odyn/(i) x-odynic x-odynicus/a/um x-odynia
1.28 x-o-pleg/ia x-o-pleg/ x-o-plegic x-o-plegicus/a/um x-o-plegia
1.29 x-o-pen/ia x-o-pen/(i) x-o-penic x-o-penicus/a/um x-o-penia
1.30 x-o-rrhag/ia x-o-rrhag/(i) x-o-rrhagic x-o-rrhagicus/a/um x-o-rrhagia
1.31 x-o-malac/ia x-o-malac/ x-o-malacic x-o-malacicus/a/um x-o-malacia
1.32 x-o-necros/is x-o-necrot/ x-o-necrotic x-o-necroticus/a/um x-o-necrosis
# Ending Combining English Latin Adjective Latin Noun
Form Adjective (Masculine Singular) (Singular)
1.33 x-o-stenos/is x-o-stenot/ x-o-stenotic x-o-stenoticus/a/um x-o-stenosis
1.34 x-o-scleros/is x-o-sclerot/ x-o-sclerotic x-o-scleroticus/a/um x-o-sclerosis
1.35 x-o-ptos/is x-o-ptot/ x-o-ptotic x-o-ptoticus/a/um x-o-ptosis
1.36** x-agr/a x-agr/a x-agral x-agralis, agrale** x-agra
1.37** x-o-rrhe/a x-o-rrhe/ x-o-rrheic; x-o-rrheicus/a/um; x-o-rrhea
x-o-rrheal x-o-rrhealis,
x-o-rreale
1.38** x-edema x-edemat/ x-edematous x-edematosus/a/um x-edema
1.39 x-o-cel/e x-o-cel/
1.40 x-o-lith x-o-lith x-o-lithic x-o-lithicus/a/um x-o-lith
1.41 x-o-spasm x-o-spast x-o-spastic x-o-spasmicus/a/um x-o-spasm
x-o-spasmic
1.42 x-ism/us x-ism/us x-ismus
# Ending Combining English Latin Adjective Latin Noun
Form Adjective (Masculine Singular) (Singular)
1.43 x-ectop/ia x-ectop/ x-ectopic x-ectopicus/a/um x-ectopia
1.44 x-ectas/ia; x-ectat/ x-ectatic x-ectaticus/a/um x-ectasia
x-ectas/is
1.45 x-o-plas/ia x-o-plast/ x-o-plastic x-o-plasticus/a/um x-o-plasia
1.46 x-o-dysplas/ia x-o-dysplast/ x-o-dysplastic x-o-dysplasticus/a/um x-o-dysplasia
1.47 x-o-troph/y x-o-troph/ x-o-trophic x-o-trophicus/a/um x-o-trophia
1.48 x-o-dystroph/y x-o-dystroph/ x-o-dystrophic x-o-dystrophicus/a/um x-o-
dystrophia
1.49 x-a/troph/y x-a/troph/ x-atrophic x-atrophicus/a/um x-a/trophia
1.50 x-a/sthen/ia x-a/sthen/(i) x-asthenic x-asthenicus/a/um x-a/sthenia
1.51 x-o-therap/y x-o- x-o-therapeutic x-o-therapeuticus/a/ x-o-therapia
therapeut/ um
1.52 x-iatr/y x-iatr/ x-iatric x-iatricus/a/um x-iatria
# Ending Combining English Latin Adjective Latin Noun
Form Adjective (Masculine Singular) (Singular)
1.53 x-o-stas/is x-o-stat/ x-o-static x-o-staticus/a/um x-o-stas/is
1.54 x-o-plast/y x-o-plast/ x-o-plastic x-o-plasticus/a/um
1.55 x-o-centes/is x-o-centet/ x-o-centetic x-o-centeticus/a/um x-o-centesis
1.56 x-o-rrhaph/y x-o-rrhaph/ x-o-rrhaphic x-o-rrhaphicus/a/um x-o-rrhaphia
1.57 x-o-tom/y x-o-tom/ x-o-tomic x-o-tom/y
1.58 x-ectom/y x-ectom/ x-ectomic x-ectom/y
1.59 x-ostom/y x-ostom/ x-ostomic x-ostom/y
1.60 x-ics x-ics ------------ ------------ x-ics
1.61 x-o-log/y x-o-log/ x-o-logic x-o-log/y
1.62 x-o-scop/y x-o-scop/ x-o-scopic x-o-scop/y
# Ending Combining English Latin Adjective Latin Noun
Form Adjective (Masculine Singular) (Singular)
1.63 x-o-metr/y x-o-metr/ x-o-metric x-o-metr/y
1.64 x-o-graph/y x-o-graph/ x-o-graphic x-o-graph/y
1.65 x-o-pex/y x-o-pect/ x-o-pectic x-o-pex/y
1.66** x-o-lys/is x-o-lyt/; x-o-lytic x-o-lyticus x-o-lys/is
x-o-lys
1.67 x-o-trop/ism x-o-trop/ism x-o-tropic x-o-trop/ism
1.68 x-o-phag/e x-o-phag/ x-o-phag/e
1.69 x-o-tom/e x-o-tom/ x-o-tom/e
1.70 x-ectom/e x-ectom/ x-ectom/e
1.71 x-o-scop/e x-o-scop/ x-o-scop/e
1.72 x-o-clast x-o-clast/ x-o-clast
Sic capitulum primum terminatur.
(Thus ends the first chapter.)