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    Aanchal Tannani
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    Solar Month,Year and Ayanas

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    Solar Month, Year and Ayanas

    Uploaded by

    Aanchal Tannani

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7
    ms a ie | SPCC See of + or - difference from GMT depending 5 wo terms . NBitude towards east or west. As already explained the ails ia u through Greenwich has 0 degrees longitude, The ump sing 0 degree longitude is called GMT and is the Standard f, a this point for all places on the Earth. Clerence DAYS 1, Apparent Solar Day : Is from one midnight to the Next. i¢ from 00:00 hours to 24:00 hours. It is longer than the sidereal day by about 4 minutes. We 2. Savana Day : In Hindu system, apparent solar day is the period of one sunrise to the next and is called a savana day 3. Mean Solar Day : The average of all the days in a year is called mean solar day. Its duration is 24 hours in mean solar time. 4. Sidereal Day : A complete rotation of the Earth on its xs with reference to a fixed star is known as sidereal day. Its duration is 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.091 seconds in mean solar time. It is also called a mean sidereal day. 5. Nakshatra Day : In Hindu system a sidereal day is called a nakshatra day and is the time taken from rising of a nakshatra to the rising of the next nakshatra. 6. Lunar Day : It is also called a tithi. It is an important concept in Hindu astrology. When Moon gains 12 degrees over that ——— ” ‘of the Sun's Jongitude, one icmp hr are 30 im a hinar month, 1 to 15 in gach of theYhukla and krishna pakshas, The méiiy inition of Wht 34 ‘hours, 37 minutes, 28.096 seconda>> ‘The tithi is determined at Sunrise, Whenever between one ‘sunrise and the next, three tithis occur, there is a kshay tithi ‘orthe cancellation of the tithi, Let us take an example, Sunrise determined on the Sun's the Hindu system there are the jatnes of the Hindu months based on the sankranti as Vikrami samvat (solar) starting from 14th January when Fount” he Capricorn sign or Makar sankranti are Magha, Chaitra, Vaishakh, Jyeshtha, Ahsadha, Shrivena, Kartika, called the paksha each having 15 tithis, bright half) tithis are from 1 to 15, or the Full Moon. In krishna are again from 1 to 15, The wasya or the New Moony Two A Ae Eanes 74 «) The New Moon ending lunar month covering the period from one New Moon to the next. It is called Shukladi or Amanta (derived from amavasy® + anta). It is followed in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh ete. ' bb) The Full Moon ending lunar month covering the period from one Full Moon to the next. It is called Krishnadi (derived from purnima + anta). It is or Purnimanta followed in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Panjab, Delhi and Rajasthan etc. In these systems the naming of months in the shukla paksha are ‘the same but in krishna paksha the name of next month is denoted. For example Chaitra shukla in shukladi system is called chaitra sudi in krishnadi tem, But Chaitra krishna in shukladi system is called Vaishakha badi in krishnadi system and so on. The names of the Hindu lunar months are the same as given above under Viksami (solar) months. ‘The length of a lunar month is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.9 seconds. ‘The names of Hindu months are based on the nakshatra in which the Moon is placed on the day of purnima or the full moon, For example if there is chitra nakshatra on full moon, the month is called chaitra and so on. The mames of the Vedic months as prevalent during the vedic times and the present Hindu months are as follows: eee “Vedic months Hindu months | Vedic months Hindu montis 1. Madhu Chaitra 7. Isha ‘Ashvin o ae Vaishakha | 8. Urja Kartik Pies Jyeshtha 9. Seha Margashish 7 Ashadha | 10. Sahasya —-Paush i‘ Sravana 11, Tapa Magha Bhadespad | 12. Tapasys__Prsigvrs — 75 3. Nakshatra month : The period taken by the Moon to move from Aswini to Revati nakshatra or in other words the period it takes to traverse all the 27 nakshatras once, is called the nakshatra month. The duration of a nakshatra month is about 27 days. 4, Savana month : The period of 30 savana days is called one savana month. 5. Anomalistic Month : The time taken by the Moon to move from one perigee to the next is called anomalistic month. Its duration is 27 days, 13 hours, 18 minutes, 33.1 seconds. Nodical Month : When the Moon moves from one ascending node to the next ascending node (can also be from one descending node to the next) the period is known as a nodical month. Its duration is equivalent to 27 days, 5 hours, 5 minutes, 35.9 seconds. It is slightly smaller than the sidereal month because the Rahu has also moved backwards during because it was believed that the dragon and the Sun, to cause eclipses. ) 7. Sidereal Month : The time taken by the Moon to rotate once around the Earth with respect to a background star is known as the sidereal month. Its duration is 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds. 8. Synodic Month : It is the time interval between the two successive similar positions between the Sun, the Moon and the Earth. It is also called lunation and the present duration of mean synodic month is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.9 seconds. Tropical Month : The duration of time between two successive passages of the Moon through the vernal equinox is called a tropical month. The present duration of tropical month is 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 4.7 seconds. ‘The comparative duration of some of the months is given in the table. ¥ 76 Months Days __ Hours Lunar 29 12 Synodic 29 i : Propical 27 Seal 27 07 43 11.6 Anomalistic 27 13 18 33.1 Natical 27 05 05 35.9 S lereal Year : The period taken by the Earth to make a revolution once in its orbit with reference to a fixed background star is known as a sidereal year. The duration of a sidereal year is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, 9.8 seconds, 2. Tropical Year : The period taken by the Sun from one vernal ‘equinox to the next vernal equinox is known asa

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