Q1.

Tschermigite is a hydrated, water-soluble mineral, with relative formula mass of 453.2

The formula of tschermigite can be represented as M.xH2O, where M represents all the
ions present.

The table below shows its composition by mass.

Element % by mass

N 3.09

H 6.18

Al 5.96

S 14.16

O 70.61

In an analysis, it is found that the mineral contains the ions NH4+, Al3+ and SO42−

Calculate the empirical formula of tschermigite and the value of x in M.xH2O

Describe the tests, with their results, that would confirm the identities of the ions present.

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(Total 6 marks)

Q2.
A student does two test-tube reactions on four colourless solutions (A, B, C and D).

The table below shows the student’s observations.

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 Test 1 Test 2
Solution
Add Na2CO3(s) Add acidified AgNO3(aq)

A Effervescence No visible change

B Effervescence White precipitate

C No visible change No visible change

D No visible change Very pale yellow precipitate

(a) Identify the gas formed in Test 1.

Describe a further test to confirm the identity of this gas.

Identity of gas ____________________

Test

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(2)

(b) Explain how the observations from Test 1 and Test 2 can be used to show that
solution B contains hydrochloric acid.

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(2)

(c) Describe a series of tests that the student can use to show that solution C contains
ammonium sulfate.

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(4)

(d) The student does an additional experiment to show that solution D contains a
mixture of halide ions. One of the halide ions is chloride.

Method:

Step 1 Add an excess of AgNO3(aq) to 10.0 cm3 of solution D.

Step 2 Filter, wash, dry and weigh the precipitate.
Step 3 Add an excess of dilute ammonia to the dry precipitate.
Step 4 Filter, wash, dry and weigh the solid that remains.

Explain how the masses recorded during this experiment can be used to show that
solution D contains a mixture of halide ions.

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(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q3.
This question is about the identification of ions in unknown solutions.

A student completes a number of test-tube reactions on solutions A, B and C.

The table below shows the student’s observations.

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Warm with Add acidified

Add H2SO4(aq)
NaOH(aq) AgNO3(aq)

A white precipitate no visible change no visible change

a gas is formed that

B effervescence turns damp red effervescence
litmus blue

C no visible change no visible change off-white precipitate

(a) Suggest the identity of the positive ion in solution A.

Give the simplest ionic equation for the formation of the white precipitate in Test 1
for solution A.

Identity of positive ion in A ___________________________________________

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 Ionic equation

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(2)

(b) Different gases are formed when solution B reacts in Test 1 and in Test 2.

Suggest the identity of each gas.

Give the simplest ionic equation for the formation of the gas in Test 2.

Gas formed in Test 1 _________________________________________________

Gas formed in Test 2 _________________________________________________

Ionic equation for the formation of the gas in Test 2

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(2)

(c) The student thinks that solution C contains either chloride ions or bromide ions.

Describe a further test, or tests, to show whether solution C contains chloride or

bromide ions.

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(3)
(Total 7 marks)

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