Aquino, John

Kennedy C.
BSECE-4A

I. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS

I.1 SELECTING TOWER LOCATIONS

TYPE: TERMINAL STATION

ADDRESS OF THE TOWER LOCATON:

DAANG RADYAL BLG. 2, IMUS CITY CAVITE

COORDINATES:

LATITUDE: 14˚ 23’55.62” N

LONGITUDE: 120˚ 56’22.39” E

FIGURE 1: IMUS CITY CAVITE TERMINAL STATION

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 Imus is a landlocked component city in the coastal province

of Cavite. It serves as the provincial capital. The city has a land

area of 171.66 square kilometers or 66.28 square miles which

constitutes 11.25% of Cavite's total area. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 496,794. This represented 11.43% of

the total population of Cavite province, or 3.07% of the overall

population of the CALABARZON region. Based on these figures, the

population density is computed at 2,894 inhabitants per square

kilometer or 7,495 inhabitants per square mile.

Imus was the site of two major Katipunero victories during the

Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Battle of Imus was fought on

September 3, 1896, and the Battle of Alapan, on May 28, 1898, the day

when the first Philippine flag was flown making Imus the "Flag Capital

of the Philippines". Both events are celebrated annually in the city.

The Imus Historical Museum honors the city's history with historical

reenactment of scenes from the revolution.

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I.2 SELECTING REPEATER LOCATIONS

TYPE: REPEATER STATION

ADDRESS OF THE TOWER LOCATON:

SLUZON EXPY HIGHWAY, MUNTINLUPA CITY

COORDINATES:

LATITUDE: 14’ 22’53.14’’ N

LONGITUDE: 121’ 02’30.23’’ E

FIGURE 2: MUNTINLUPA CITY REPEATER STATION

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.
The Muntinlupa is a landlocked highly urbanized city in the

National Capital Region. The city has a land area of 39.75 square

kilometers or 15.35 square miles. Its population as determined by

the 2020 Census was 543,445. This represented 4.03% of the total

population of the National Capital Region. Based on these figures,

the population density is computed at 13,672 inhabitants per square

kilometer or 35,404 inhabitants per square mile. Combining age

groups together, those aged 14 and below, consisting of the young

dependent population which include infants/babies, children and

young adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of 25.70%

(129,645). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly, the economically active

population and actual or potential members of the work force,

constitute a total of 70.47% (355,507). Finally, old dependent

population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged 65 and

over, total 3.84% (19,357) in all. The computed Age Dependency

Ratios mean that among the population of Muntinlupa, there are 36

youth dependents to every 100 of the working age population; there

are 5 aged/senior citizens to every 100 of the working population;

and overall, there are

42 dependents (young and old-age) to every 100 of the working

population. The median age of 28 indicates that half of the entire

population of Muntinlupa are aged less than 28 and the other half

are over the age of 28.

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I.3 SELECTION OF MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT AND OPERATING FREQUENCY
BAND

The frequency planning objective is to assign frequencies

to a network using as few frequencies as possible and in

a manner such that the quality and availability of the radio-

link path is minimally affected by interference.

Frequency planning of a few paths can be carried out manually

but, for larger networks, it is highly recommended to employ a

software transmission design tool. This tool may include

ITU standards, different diversity schemes, diffraction and

reflection (multipath) analysis, rain effects, interference

analysis, rain effects, interference analysis, etc.

Right selection of a frequency band allows the

required band allows the required transmission capacity

while efficiently utilizing the available radio spectrum.

The figure below gives an idea of which frequency may be used

for a path length.

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TABLE 1: OPERATING FREQUENCY BAND AND FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT

CHANNEL FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT

BATANGAS CITY LIPA CITY CALAMBA

REPEATER BATANGAS CITY
STATION TO REPEATER REPEATER
LIPA CITY STATION TO STATION TO
BATANGAS CALAMBA CITY MUNTINLUPA
TERMINAL LAGUNA TERMINAL TERMINAL
STATION STATION STATION
PATH LENGTH 24.8 27.2 23
in KM
FREQUENCY BAND 6.425 – 7.125
in GHz
LOWER BAND 6.425 - 6.775 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
UPPER BAND 6.775 - 7.125 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
DUPLEX SPACING 340
IN MHz
CHANNEL 40 MHz
BANDWIDTH
TRANSMIT 6460 MHz 6840 MHz 6540 MHz
FREQUENCY (1) (2’) (3)
(CHANNEL NUMBER)
RECEIVE 6800 MHz 6500 MHz 6880 MHz
FREQUENCY (1’) (2) (3’)
(CHANNEL NUMBER)
CHANNEL FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT

MUNTINLUPA IMUS CAVITE TAGUIG

REPEATER REPEATER REPEATER
STATION TO STATION TO STATION TO
IMUS CAVITE TAGUIG TERMINAL ANTIPOLO
TERMINAL STATION STATION RIZAL
STATION TERMINAL
STATION

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 PATH LENGTH 11 16 16
in KM
FREQUENCY BAND 6.425 – 7.125
in GHz
LOWER BAND 6.425 - 6.775 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
UPPER BAND 6.775 - 7.125 GHz
FREQUENCY RANGE
DUPLEX SPACING 340
IN MHz
CHANNEL BANDWIDTH 40 MHz

TRANSMIT 6920 MHz (4’) 6620 MHz (5) 7000 MHz (6)
FREQUENCY
(CHANNEL NUMBER)
RECEIVE 6580 MHz (4) 6960 MHz (5’) 6660 MHz (6’)
FREQUENCY
(CHANNEL NUMBER)

TABLE 2: AVIAT ODU 600 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

FREQUENCY BAND 6.425 – 7.125

TRANSMIT POWER (256-QAM) 30.0 dBm
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY -68.50 dBm
(256QAM, 10^-6
BER)
SYSTEM GAIN 98.50 dB
SYSTEM CAPACITY 233Mbit/s

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I.4 SELECTION OF PARABOLIC ANTENNA

Antennas use for microwaves (1GHz-300GHz) must be highly

directive. An antenna has an apparent gain because it concentrates

the radiated power in a narrow beam rather than sending it

uniformly in all directions, and the beamwidth decreases with

increases in antenna gain.

Microwave antennas ordinarily have power beamwidths on the

order of 1 degree or less. A narrow beamwidth minimizes the effects

interference from outside sources and adjacent antennas.

However, line of sight transmissions, such as with microwave

radio, a narrow beamwidth imposes several limitations such as

mechanical stability and fading, which can lead to problems in

antenna line up. Highly directional antennas are use with point to

point microwave system that by focusing the radio frequency into

a narrow beam that can be directed forward the receiving antenna,

the transmitting antenna can increase the effective radiated power

by several orders of magnitude over that of non-directional

antenna.

The most common type of antenna use for microwave

transmission and reception is the parabolic reflector antennas. A

parabolic antenna consists of parabolic reflector illuminated with

microwave energy radiated by a fed system located at the focus

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 point. The microwave system selects a parabolic antenna
with a model name HX6-6W-4WH from COMMSCOPE Andrew
Solutions which is 1.8 m | 6 ft parabolic antenna.

TABLE 3: PARABOLIC ANTENNA TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

OPERATING FREQUENCY BAND 6.425 – 7.125

GAIN, TOP BAND 39.9 dBi
GAIN, MID BAND 39.1 dBi
GAIN, LOW BAND 38.3 dBi
FRONT TO BACK RATIO 70 dB
BEAMWIDTH, HORIZONTAL 1.8 °
BEAMWIDTH, VERTICAL 1.8 °

II. PATH PROFILING

II.1 PATH PROFILE FOR PATH PROFILE FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA

STATION TO IMUS CAVITE CITY TERMINAL STATION

FIGURE 3: TOWER LOCATION and LINE OF SIGHT PATH PATH

PROFILE FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA STATION TO IMUS CAVITE
CITY TERMINAL STATION

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TABLE 4: PATH PROFILE FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA STATION TO IMUS
CAVITE CITY TERMINAL STATION

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II.2 PATH SURVEY

The microwave system is designed to operate with one

hop

consisting of one repeater and one terminal station place in

the

Muntinlupa City and IMUS City, CAVITE. The two tower stations
are

constructed within a built-up area. The hop is a microwave

link

between Muntinlupa City and IMUS City, CAVITE at a

distance of 11 km. The microwave beam passes urban and

plain areas.

The path elevation, earth curvature, ground

elevation, trees and buildings, and obstruction height

are considered to determine the antenna height.

II.3 PATH REFLECTION AND MITIGATION

Multi-path reflections occur when there are reflection points

for a given path has a reflection surface that can be “seen” by

both antennas. Multi-path reflected signals frequently cause

problems in wireless systems that have been implemented without

proper path engineering. When people don’t understand path

engineering, they often believe that providing a “line- of- sight”

path between the two antennas is the only requirement. To avoid

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path obstructions, they simply install the antennas as high as

possible, hoping to overcome any obstacles, while avoiding the

cost of system engineering, it produces system with unpredictable

multi-path outages and susceptibility to interference from other

systems in the area.

For the system design, path reflection in mitigated by

considering the possible reflection points in each hop. Reflective

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surfaces covered by obstructions along the path are not considered,

since the reflected signal will not affect the normal received

signal. Most of the reflective points considered, are the peaks of

obstructions, as seen in the graphs below.

FIGURE 4: PATH REFLECTION FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA STATION TO IMUS

CAVITE CITY TERMINAL
STATION

II.4 BEAM ALIGNMENT

II.4.1 LOOK ANGLES FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA STATION TO

IMUS CAVITE CITY TERMINAL STATION

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 TABLE 5: LOOK ANGLES FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA STATION TO IMUS
CAVITE CITY TERMINAL STATION

LOOK
ANGLES
CITY OF
MUNTINLUPA
STATION TO
IMUS CAVITE
CITY TERMINAL
STATION

ANGLE OF
-0’0’’46.3284
ELEVATION

SITE A =
AZIMUTH ANGLE N 80°02'29.3468" E

SITE B =
E 99°55'59.2356" N

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 FIGURE 5: LOOK ANGLES FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA STATION TO
IMUS CAVITE CITY TERMINAL STATION

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III. LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS

TABLE 6: POWER BUDGET FOR CITY OF MUNTINLUPA STATION TO IMUS

CAVITE CITY TERMINAL STATION

PARAMETERS VALUE UNIT

Microwave Radio Output Power 30 dBm
Antenna Gain 38.4 dBi
Effective Isotropic Radiated dBm
68.4
Power
Free Space Loss 130.0717681 dB
Isotropic Receive Level -61.67176809 dBm
Net Path Loss 206.8717681 dB
Receive Signal Level 80.8 dBm
Cmin/Receiver Threshold (@ BER dBm
-68.5
10-6)
System Gain 98.5 dB
System Operating Margin dB
149.3
(Thermal Fade Margin)

IV. PATH RELIABILITY

CITY OF
MUNTINLUPA
STATION TO
IMUS CAVITE
TERMINAL
STATION
PATH RELIABILITY
99.99679262
(NON DIVERSITY)
UNAVAILABILITY
3.20738E-05
(NON-DIVERSITY)
OUTAGE TIME
2.763605814
(NON-DIVERSITY)

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