Structure of Diamond and Uses

Structure
All the carbon atoms of a diamond are said to possess strong
chemical bonds with that of the four other carbon atoms, thus
making a perfect tetrahedron structure and on throughout the
crystal.
The carbon atoms, here, are sp3 hybridised, and the bond
lengths of the carbon-carbon atom are equal. Hence, diamond
forms a three-dimensional network of strong covalent bonds.
Diamond has a very high melting point of about 3843 K and a
high density of about 3.51 g/cm3. It is known to be a poor
conductor of electricity since its valence electrons get involved
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in C-C sigma covalent bonds, and hence they are localised and
are not free to conduct the electricity.

Uses and Applications

Jewellery
Diamonds are most commonly used in ornaments like rings,
neckless, earrings, etc. In the gem industry, the value of
diamonds is very high.

Industrial Uses
In various industries, diamonds are used for their hardness
and thermal conductivity. Common applications include glass
cutting and tools for cutting and grinding.

Pharmaceuticals
Diamonds are used in making medicines and beauty products.
They are also used in making medical tools, like tools used in
cataract surgery.

Diamonds are used by most surgeons to remove cataracts

from the eyes as a high-precision instrument.

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Structure of Graphite
and Uses
Structure

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All the carbon atoms in graphite are said to have stable
chemical bonds with that of the other three carbon atoms,
thus making the sheets look like a chicken wire; the weak form
of forces hold the sheet quickly.
When you are composing with a pencil on the paper, it is these
sheets that slide separately to desert the graphite pieces as a
blemish on the paper.
The carbon atoms in the graphite structure are sp2 hybridised
and are directed in the same plane, thus forming hexagonal
rings.
The rings have many layers of particles. Graphite is said to
exhibit low electrical conductivity with a low density of about
2.26 g/cm3.

Uses and Applications

 Graphite powder is used as a lubricant in the form of
dispersion material or powder.

 Graphite is widely used in lead pencils.

 It is used in the manufacture of electrodes of carbon

employed in electrolytic cells, as it is an excellent
conductor of electricity.

 It is used to make graphite crucibles since it possesses

high melting points.

 It is widely used in nuclear reactors and moderators.

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Silicon Dioxide (Silica)
 In silicon dioxide, each
silicon atom forms four
covalent bonds with four
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 oxygen atoms. In silica,
each silicon atom shares
electrons with four oxygen
atoms.
 This means that each silicon
atom forms a single
covalent bond with four
oxygen atoms.
 Silicon Dioxide has a high
melting and boiling
point. The many covalent
bonds in silica are very
strong, therefore a large
amount of energy is needed
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 to break them therefore a
high temperature is
required.
 Silica is naturally found as
sand. The majority of
the sand on beaches is made
up of silicon dioxide.
Furthermore it is also found
in limestone and as quartz in
granite.
A good relationship is when two people accept each
other’s past, support each other’s present, and love
each other enough to encourage each other’s future. So
don’t rush love. Find a partner who encourages you to
grow, who won’t cling to you, who will let you go out
into the world, and trust that you will come back. This is
what true love is all about.

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