MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS CONSIST OF MULTIPLE-CHOICE ITEMS, EACH

OFFERING FOUR ALTERNATIVES (A-D). PLEASE READ EACH QUESTION
ATTENTIVELY AND SELECT THE MOST SUITABLE ANSWER FROM THE PROVIDED
CHOICES. CAREFULLY EVALUATE ALL OPTIONS BEFORE MAKING YOUR DECISION
TO ENSURE YOU CHOOSE THE ONE THAT BEST ADDRESSES THE QUESTION.

1. What is particle characterization?

A. Identifying the color of particles
B. Determining the size, shape, and surface properties of particles
C. Measuring the weight of individual particles
D. Analyzing the taste of particles
2. Why particle characterization is important in industries?
A. To change the chemical composition of particles
B. To increase the size of particles
C. To improve product performance and troubleshoot manufacturing issues
D. To reduce the number of particles in a sample
Answer: C.
3. What is the primary purpose of screen analysis (sieving) in particle size analysis?
A. To determine the color of particles
B. To separate particles based on their size
C. To change the chemical composition of particles
D. To alter the density of particles
Answer: B.
4. Which of the following is a common material used for making screens in sieve analysis?
A. Glass B. Plastic C. Wire cloth D. Wood
Answer: C.
5. Which of the following is NOT the limitations of sieve analysis (screening) for particle size
analysis?
A. Suitable for all types of materials
B. Not affected by particle shape
 C. May not be suitable for very fine particles or agglomerating materials
D. Provides accurate results for all particle sizes
Answer: B
6. What is the primary factor influencing the motion of particles in a fluid?
A. Particle Size
B. Fluid Density
C. Temperature
D. Pressure Gradient
7. Which law is commonly used to describe the flow of a fluid through a porous medium like a
granular bed?
A. Newton's Law
B. Boyle's Law
C. Darcy's Law
D. Archimedes' Principle
8. In the context of particles in a fluid, what does Reynolds number indicate?
A. Particle Size Distribution
B. Fluid Viscosity
C. Flow Regime
D. Particle Density
9. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the drag force experienced by particles in a
fluid?
A. Particle velocity
B. Fluid density
C. Particle color
D. Cross-sectional area of the particle
Answer: C. Particle color
10. How does the viscosity of the fluid impact the flow of a fluid through a granular bed?
A. Higher fluid viscosity decreases resistance to flow
B. Lower fluid viscosity increases pressure drop
C. Fluid viscosity has no effect on flow through a granular bed
D. Higher fluid viscosity increases resistance to flow
Answer: D. Higher fluid viscosity increases resistance to flow
11. What is the significance of Darcy's law in describing the flow of a fluid through a granular
bed?
A. It defines the relationship between fluid velocity and pressure drop
B. It quantifies the impact of particle size on flow rate
C. It outlines the factors affecting drag force in a granular bed
D. It provides a fundamental equation for fluid flow through porous media
Answer: D. It provides a fundamental equation for fluid flow through porous media
12. What is the terminal velocity of a particle in a fluid?
A. The maximum velocity a particle can reach in a fluid
B. The initial velocity of a particle when it enters the fluid
C. The average velocity of a particle in a fluid
D. The velocity at which a particle stops moving in a fluid
Answer: A. The maximum velocity a particle can reach in a fluid
13. How does the density of the fluid affect the drag force experienced by a particle?
A. Higher fluid density decreases drag force
B. Lower fluid density increases drag force
C. Fluid density has no effect on drag force
D. Fluid density directly correlates with drag force
Answer: B. Lower fluid density increases drag force
14. What role does the Reynolds number play in determining the drag force on a particle in a
fluid?
A. Reynolds number affects the shape of the particle
B. Higher Reynolds number leads to lower drag force
C. Reynolds number influences the fluid viscosity
D. Reynolds number characterizes the flow regime and impacts drag force
Answer: D. Reynolds number characterizes the flow regime and impacts drag force
15. How does the shape of particles in a granular bed influence the flow of fluid through it?
A. Irregularly shaped particles increase pressure drop
B. Spherical particles reduce resistance to flow
C. Particle shape has no effect on fluid flow
D. Elongated particles enhance fluid permeability
Answer: A. Irregularly shaped particles increase pressure drop
16. What impact does temperature have on the flow of fluid through a granular bed?
 A. Higher temperature decreases pressure drop
B. Lower temperature increases resistance to flow
C. Temperature affects fluid viscosity and flow rate
D. Temperature has no effect on fluid flow through a granular bed
Answer: C. Temperature affects fluid viscosity and flow rate
17. How does bed height influence the flow of fluid through a granular bed?
A. Higher bed height decreases pressure drop
B. Lower bed height increases flow rate
C. Bed height has no effect on fluid flow
D. Increased bed height leads to higher pressure drop
Answer: D. Increased bed height leads to higher pressure drop
18. Which of the following is an example of a hydro-mechanical separation process?
A. Filtration
B. Centrifugation
C. Cyclone separation
D. Distillation
Answer: A) Filtration
19. Sedimentation is a process used for the separation of:
A. Liquids from gases
B. Solids from liquids
C. Gases from solids
D. Liquids from liquids
Answer: B) Solids from liquids
20. What is the purpose of using filter aids in filtration processes?
A. To increase the pressure drop
B. To decrease the filtration rate
C. To improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation
D. To reduce the filter area
Answer: C) To improve the efficiency of solid-liquid separation
21. Which of the following is NOT a type of aero-mechanical separation process?
A. Sedimentation
B. Cyclone separation
C. Centrifugation
 D. Air flotation
Answer: A) Sedimentation

22. In a batch settling test, the settling velocity is typically determined by measuring the:
A. Pressure drops
B. Height between clear liquid and suspended solids
C. Temperature change
D. pH level
Answer: B) Height between clear liquid and suspended solids
23. Which of the following is a key parameter in determining the efficiency of a filtration
process?
A. Temperature
B. Pressure drop
C. pH level
D. Flow rate
Answer: B) Pressure drop
24. What is the main purpose of cyclone separation in environmental engineering applications?
A. Separating gases from liquids
B. Removing suspended solids from a gas stream
C. Purifying water through distillation
D. Enhancing sedimentation processes
Answer: B) Removing suspended solids from a gas stream
25. How does centrifugation differ from filtration in terms of separation mechanism?
A. Filtration relies on gravity, while centrifugation uses centrifugal force
B. Filtration is a batch process, while centrifugation is continuous
C. Filtration is used for gas-solid separation, while centrifugation is for liquid-liquid
separation
D. Filtration is a mechanical separation, while centrifugation is a thermal separation
Answer: A) Filtration relies on gravity, while centrifugation uses centrifugal force
26. Which of the following factors can affect the settling velocity in a sedimentation process?
A. Temperature
 B. Pressure
C. pH level
D. Particle size
Answer: D) Particle size

27. What is the relationship between filter area and filtration rate in a leaf filter?
A. Inversely proportional
B. Directly proportional
C. No relationship
D. Exponential
Answer: B) Directly proportional
28. What role does the slurry concentration play in the settling velocity of particles in a
sedimentation process?
A. Higher concentration leads to higher settling velocity
B. Lower concentration leads to higher settling velocity
C. Concentration has no effect on settling velocity
D. Concentration affects pressure drop, not settling velocity
Answer: A) Higher concentration leads to higher settling velocity
29. Which of the following is a common application of filtration in environmental engineering?
A. Air conditioning
B. Oil extraction
C. Water treatment
D. Food preservation
Answer: C) Water treatment
30. In which type of sedimentation do individual particles settle independently?
A. Discrete settling
B. Flocculant settling
C. Hindered settling
D. Compression settling
Answer: A) Discrete settling
31. When do chemical or biological reactions alter particle interactions leading to the formation
of flocs in sedimentation?
 A. In discrete settling
B. In flocculant settling
C. In hindered settling
D. In compression settling
Answer: B) In flocculant settling
32. In which type of sedimentation does water movement occur in the spaces between particles
due to a high particle concentration?
A. Discrete settling
B. Flocculant settling
C. Hindered settling
D. Compression settling
Answer: C) Hindered settling
33. When do particles settle by compressing the mass below in sedimentation?
A. In discrete settling
B. In flocculant settling
C. In hindered settling
D. In compression settling
Answer: D) In compression settling
34. In a shell and tube heat exchanger, which fluid flows through the tubes?
A. Hot fluid
B. Cold fluid
C. Both hot and cold fluids
D. None of the above
Answer: A) Hot fluid
35. What is the purpose of using baffles in a shell and tube heat exchanger?
A. Increase pressure drop
B. Enhance heat transfer
C. Reduce flow rate
D. Prevent fouling
Answer: B) Enhance heat transfer
36. Which type of heat exchanger is known for its compact size and high efficiency in heat
transfer?
A. Double pipe heat exchanger
 B. Plate heat exchanger
C. Shell and tube heat exchanger
D. Crossflow heat exchanger
Answer: B) Plate heat exchanger

37. Which factor makes shell and tube heat exchangers suitable for high-pressure applications?
A. Large surface area
B. Compact size
C. Robust construction
D. Low cost
Answer: C) Robust construction
38. Which industry commonly uses shell and tube heat exchangers for various processes?
A. Food and beverage
B. Automotive
C. Chemical and oil refineries
D. Textile
Answer: C) Chemical and oil refineries
39. What is the main advantage of using a plate heat exchanger over a shell and tube heat
exchanger?
A. Lower cost
B. Higher pressure handling capacity
C. Compact size
D. Easier maintenance
Answer: C) Compact size
40. What are the two types of flow arrangements possible in a double-pipe heat exchanger based
on flow directions?
A. Co-current and counterflow
B. Parallel and crossflow
C. Upflow and downflow
D. Mixed and distributed
Answer: A) Co-current and counterflow
41. In a double-pipe heat exchanger, which flow arrangement allows for the highest temperature
difference between the two fluids?
 A. Co-current flow
B. Counterflow
C. Parallel flow
D. Crossflow
Answer: B) Counterflow
42. Which flow arrangement in a double-pipe heat exchanger typically results in better heat
transfer efficiency?
A. Co-current flow
B. Counterflow
C. Parallel flow
D. Crossflow
Answer: B) Counterflow
43. In a 2-4 shell and tube heat exchanger, how many passes are there on the tube side and shell
side, respectively?
A. Two passes on the tube side and four passes on the shell side
B. Four passes on the tube side and two passes on the shell side
C. Two passes on the tube side and two passes on the shell side
D. Four passes on the tube side and four passes on the shell side
Answer: A) Two passes on the tube side and four passes on the shell side
44. What is the primary purpose of gaskets in plate heat exchangers when dealing with plate heat
exchangers?
A. To maintain a constant temperature in the heat exchanger
B. To reduce the overall cost of the heat exchanger
C. To create a barrier between different fluids
D. To prevent intermixing of the two fluids and to control leakage
45. The types of flow arrangement given in the following figure is known as:
 A. Parallel flow arrangement
B. Countercurrent flow arrangement
C. Cross flow arrangement
D. Co-current flow arrangement

46. What is the name of the given Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger in the figure below?

A. 1-2 Shell and Tube

B. 2-3 Shell and Tube
C. 2-4 Shell and Tube
D. 3-6 Shell and Tube

47. In a ___________ heat exchanger, both fluids flow alternatively through the same flow
passages, and hence heat transfer is intermittent.

A. Plate heat exchangers

B. Shell and tube heat exchangers
C. Storage type or regenerator type heat exchangers
D. Cross flow type heat exchangers

48. The heat transfer in a heat exchanger will reach its maximum value when:

A. The cold fluid is heated to the inlet temperature of the hot fluid
B. The hot fluid exit temperature exceeds the inlet temperature of the cold fluid.
C. The hot fluid exit temperature is lower than the exit temperature of the cold fluid
D. All of the above.
49. The type of flow arrangement in which two fluids usually move perpendicular to each other
in heat exchanger is known as:
A. Cross flow arrangement
B. Parallel flow arrangement
C. Countercurrent flow arrangement
D. Co-current flow arrangement

50. What are the key factors to consider when selecting the fluid for the shell side of a shell and
tube heat exchanger?
 A. Viscosity, fouling tendency, and pressure drop
B. Temperature, pressure, and flow rate
C. Heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and cost
D. Density, specific heat, and corrosion resistance
Answer: A) Viscosity, fouling tendency, and pressure drop
51. When choosing the fluid for the tube side of a shell and tube heat exchanger, which
parameters are typically important to consider?
A. Density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity
B. Viscosity, fouling tendency, and pressure drop
C. Temperature, pressure, and flow rate
D. Heat capacity, corrosion resistance, and cost
Answer: C) Temperature, pressure, and flow rate
52. Why is it crucial to consider the fouling tendency of fluids when selecting them for a shell
and tube heat exchanger?
A. To minimize heat transfer efficiency
B. To reduce pressure drop
C. To prevent blockages and maintain performance
D. To increase the overall cost
Answer: C) To prevent blockages and maintain performance
53. What is the primary purpose of the log mean temperature difference (LMTD) method in heat
exchanger analysis?
A. To calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient
B. To determine the effectiveness of the heat exchanger
C. To find the average temperature difference between the fluids
D. To estimate the heat transfer rate
Answer: C) To find the average temperature difference between the fluids
54. When is the LMTD method commonly used in heat exchanger calculations?
A. For single-pass heat exchangers
B. For counterflow heat exchangers
C. For parallel flow heat exchangers
D. For shell and tube heat exchangers
Answer: D) For shell and tube heat exchangers
55. What does the effectiveness-NTU (Number of Transfer Units) method in heat exchanger
analysis help determine?
A. The overall heat transfer coefficient
B. The pressure drop across the heat exchanger
C. The efficiency of the heat exchanger
D. The heat capacity rate of the fluids
Answer: C) The efficiency of the heat exchanger
56. What is a key advantage of a surface condenser over a jet condenser in terms of the
condensate usability?
A. The condensate can be used as feed water to the boiler
B. The condensate is purer
C. The condensate requires less treatment
D. The condensate has a higher temperature
Answer: A) The condensate can be used as feed water to the boiler

57. How does the heat transfer differ between a water tube boiler and a fire tube boiler?
A. In a water tube boiler, the hot gases pass through the tubes, while in a fire tube
boiler, the hot gases surround the tubes.
B. In a water tube boiler, the water surrounds the tubes, while in a fire tube boiler,
the water passes through the tubes.
C. Both boilers have the same heat transfer mechanism.
D. The heat transfer mechanism depends on the operating pressure.
Answer: B) In a water tube boiler, the water surrounds the tubes, while in a fire tube
boiler, the water passes through the tubes.
58. Which factors can accelerate the rate of molecular diffusion of mass in convective mass
transfer?
A. Temperature gradient only
B. Concentration gradient only
C. Bulk motion of the fluid only
D. Bulk motion of the fluid and temperature gradient
 Answer: D) Bulk motion of the fluid and temperature gradient
59. Which type of diffusion involves the movement of molecules under a concentration gradient?
A. Molecular diffusion
B. Eddy diffusion
C. Liquid-to-gas diffusion
D. Solid-to-liquid diffusion
Answer: A) Molecular diffusion
60. What is another term for turbulent diffusion in the context of mass transfer?
A. Molecular diffusion
B. Convective diffusion
C. Thermal diffusion
D. Pressure diffusion
Answer: B) Convective diffusion

61. What is the differences between molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion?
A. Molecular diffusion occurs in fluids, while eddy diffusion occurs in solids.
B. Molecular diffusion is driven by concentration gradients, while eddy diffusion is
driven by temperature gradients.
C. Molecular diffusion involves the movement of molecules at a molecular scale,
while eddy diffusion involves the bulk transport of mass due to convection flow.
D. Molecular diffusion is a slow process, while eddy diffusion is a rapid process.
Answer: C) Molecular diffusion involves the movement of molecules at a molecular scale,
while eddy diffusion involves the bulk transport of mass due to convection flow.
62. What are the key differences between absorption and adsorption?
A. Absorption involves the adhesion of molecules to a surface, while adsorption
involves the uptake of molecules into a bulk phase.
B. Absorption is a surface phenomenon, while adsorption is a bulk phenomenon.
 C. Absorption is a bulk transport process, while adsorption is a surface accumulation
process. Absorption is driven by temperature differentials, while adsorption is
driven by concentration gradients.

Answer: A) Absorption involves the adhesion of molecules to a surface, while adsorption

involves the uptake of molecules into a bulk phase.

63. What distinguishes absorption from adsorption in terms of their mechanisms?

A. Absorption involves the adhesion of molecules to a surface, while adsorption
involves the uptake of molecules into a bulk phase.
B. Absorption is driven by concentration gradients, while adsorption is driven by
temperature differentials.
C. Absorption is a bulk transport process, while adsorption is a surface accumulation
process. Absorption occurs in gases, while adsorption occurs in liquids.
Answer: A) Absorption involves the adhesion of molecules to a surface, while adsorption
involves the uptake of molecules into a bulk phase.

64. What is an adsorption isotherm?

A. A graph showing the relationship between temperature and adsorption capacity
B. A mathematical model describing the distribution of adsorbate molecules on an
adsorbent surface at equilibrium
C. A measure of the rate of adsorption in a closed system
D. A parameter indicating the surface area of an adsorbent material
Answer: B) A mathematical model describing the distribution of adsorbate molecules on
an adsorbent surface at equilibrium
65. Which of the following factors can influence the shape of an adsorption isotherm?
A. Temperature and pressure
B. pH and concentration
C. Surface area and pore size
D. Viscosity and density
 Answer: A) Temperature and pressure
66. What does the BET isotherm describe?
A. Adsorption on a heterogeneous surface
B. Adsorption at low pressures
C. Multilayer adsorption on a solid surface
D. Adsorption in a liquid phase
Answer: C) Multilayer adsorption on a solid surface
67. Which type of adsorption isotherm is characterized by a linear relationship between the
amount of adsorbate and the pressure at low pressures?
A. Freundlich isotherm
B. Langmuir isotherm
C. BET isotherm
D. Temkin isotherm
Answer: B) Langmuir isotherm
68. What does the Freundlich isotherm describe in adsorption?
Monolayer adsorption on a solid surface
Multilayer adsorption on a solid surface
Adsorption on a heterogeneous surface
Adsorption at high pressures
Answer: B) Multilayer adsorption on a solid surface
69. In the context of adsorption isotherms, what does the term "heterogeneous surface" refer to?
A. A surface with varying adsorption capacities at different locations
B. A surface with uniform adsorption properties throughout
C. A surface with high surface area but low adsorption capacity
D. A surface with irregular shape and low porosity
Answer: A) A surface with varying adsorption capacities at different locations
70. Which type of adsorption is characterized by weak van der Waals forces between the
adsorbate and adsorbent?
A. Physical adsorption
B. Chemical adsorption
C. Monolayer adsorption
D. Multilayer adsorption
Answer: A) Physical adsorption