SULIT

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

Peperiksaan Akhir Semester Kedua

Sidang Akademik 2022/2023

Julai 2023

NMJ30602 - Professional Engineer

(Jurutera Profesional]
Masa: 3jam

Please make sure that this question paper has ELEVEN (11) printed pages including this
front page before you sta:t the examination.
[Si/a pastikan kertas soalan ini mengandungi SEBELAS (J 1) muka surat yang bercetak termasuk mulr.a
hadapan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.]

This question paper has SIX (6) questions. Answer FIVE (5) questions only. Each question
contributes 20 marks.
[Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan. Jawab LIMA (5) soalan sahaja. Markah bagi tiap-tiap
soalan adalah 20 markah.j

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijazahan, Bahagian Pengurosan Akademik, P11sat Peng11rosan Akademik, Uni MAP
SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)
-2-

(COl, P06, CS)

Question 1
/SoaJan I}

(a) Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, there are legal provisions for the
employer to manage the safety and health of its employees. State and elaborate
THREE (3) requirements of employers in that act for this purpose.
[Di hawah Aleta Keselamatan PeJcerjaan dan Kesihatan 1994, terdapat peruntukan undang-undang bagi
pihak majikan untuk menjaga lcese/amatan dan kesihatan pelce1janya. Nyata dan huraikan TIGA (3)
keperlucm bagi pihak majikan dalam akta tersebut bagi tujuan ini.}

(6 Marks/ Markah)

(b) At the workplace, the occurrence of the workplace accident can be minimized if the
company has the proper risk management.
[Kejadian Jcecelakaan di tempat lcerja ho/eh di kurangkan sekiranya setiap syarikat mempunyai
pengu~an n'siko yang baik]

i) Explain risk management at the workplace.

[Terangkan mengenai pengurusan risiko di tempat Jcerja.]

(4 Marks/ Marleah)

ii) List the importance of assessing the risk.

[Senaraikan kepentingan mengkaji risiko.]

(4 Marks/ Markah)

(c) Occupational stress is a serious issue at any workplace. State and elaborate the THREE
(3) stages of how humans react to occupational stress.
[Tekanan pekerjaan merupakan isu yang serius di mana-mana tempat lce1ja. Nyata dan huraikan TIGA
(3) tahap bagaimana manusia memberikan reaksi lrepada tekanan pelrerjaan.]

(6 Marks I Markab)

. ... 3/-

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Penfin/azahan, Bahagian Pengumsan Akadernik, Pusat Pengwwan Akademili, Uni MAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)
-3-

(COl, P06, C5)

Question 2
/Soalan2}

(a) Figure 2.1 shows a group of people working in a factory. Assess the work environment
in the factory and identify FOUR (4) possible classes of hazards and the routes of entry
that can affect the health and safety of the worker for each hazard.
[Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sekumpulan pekerja sedang bekerja di sebuah kilang. Nilaikan persekitaran
keFja tersebut dan cadangkan EMPAT (4) kemungkinan pengelasan bahaya dan laluan yang boleh
menjejaskan kesihatan dan keselamatan pekerja unhtk setiap bahaya.]

'
.. .
-.
..,..;,>._ ~ •

..
l
!/ .~·
/---

.IC
~Ii
i ..~
~ ,J

Figure 2.1
{Rajah 2.1]

(4 Marks/ Markah)

(b) For each type of hazard identified in Question 2(a), list ONE (1) standard control
measure that could be adopted by the manager to safeguard his/her workers from the
hazard.
[Bagi setiap jenis bahaya yang dikenalpasti pada Soalan 2(a), senaraikan SATU (I) langkah kawalan
piawai yang boleh diterima pakai oleh pengurus untuk menjaga keselamatan p ekerja dari bahaya.)

(4 Marks/ Markah)

... .41-

Dicelak oleh Uni/ Peperiksaan J. Pengijazahan, Bahagian Pengw11san Akademik, Pusat Pengunisan Akademik, Uni MAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)

(c) If the manager fails to provide sufficient safety and health control measures at the
workplace, explain the ethical and legal implications to the manager .and the company
if the workers were to meet with an accident.
[Sekiranya pengurus gaga/ untuk menyediakan langkah-langkah kawalan k£selamatan dan k£sihatan
yang mencukupi di tempat k£rja, terangkan implikasi etika dan undang-undang k£pada pengun1s dan
syarilcat sekiraeya pekerja menghadapi kemalangan.]

( 6 Marks/ Marleah)

(d) The factory had 20 accidents/year during which employee had worked a total of
1,500,000 hours. During the same period, there were 8 disabling injuries. Calculate the
accident frequency rate and the injury frequency rate based on American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) and Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
[Kilang tersebut mengalami 20 kemalanganltahun di mana pekerja-pek£rjanya bek£rja pada jumlah
1,500,000 jam. Pada jangka masa yang sama, terdapat 8 k£cederaan lcelcal. Kirakan kadar kekerapan
kemalangan don kadar kekerapan Jcecederaan berdasarkan American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) dan Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).]

(6 Marks/ Markah)

....51~

Dicetak oleh llnil Peperiksaan .t Pengijazahan, Bahagian Pengun1san Akbdemik, Pusat Pengurusan Akbdemik, UniMAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)
-5-

(COl P06, CS)

Q uestion 3
[Soalan3/

(a) Based on the following situation explain and discuss TWO (2) contract law claims
Megah Holdings ca.--i make against Alam Mesra Holdings in the circumstances.
[Berdasarkan situasi berikut terangkan dan bincangkan DUA (2) tuntutan undang-undang kontrak yang
boleh dibuat oleh Megah Holdings terhadap Alam Mesra Holdings dalam keadaan tersebut.]

"Megah Holdings is a company which produces various types of style for industrial
applications. In order to increase the strength of its steel products, Megah Holdings
uses a process of quenching and tempering. During the quenching stage, hot steel
is quickly cooled with water. During the tempering phase, the steel is then heat
treated for an appropriate time. The process requires large amounts of water and
heat. Faced with rising costs for energy, Megah Holdings decides to install a heat
recovery system. The system wouJd include a heat exchanger by which heat could
be recovered from the cooling water in the quenching stage, combined with
additional heat from a steam line in the plant that was otherwise not being fully
utilized. The recovery heat, then, would be used to heat the steel in the tempering
stage.

Megah Holdings entered into an equipment supply contract with Alam Mesra
Holdings. Alam Mesra Holdings agreed to design, supply and install a heat
recovery unit for a contract price of RM600,000. After an analysis of Megah
Holdings's process, Alam Mesra Holdings determined and guaranteed in the
contract that the heat recovery system would recover 40% of the heat in the cooling
water and that this would result in substantial savings in energy costs. The contract
also contained a provision limiting Alam Mesra Holdings's total liability to
RM600,000 for any loss, damage or injury resulting from Aiam Mesra Holdings's
performance and its services under the contract.

The heat recover system was installed and operation; however, certain defects in
the heat exchanger prevented the system from recovering more than 5% of the heat
in the cooling water. After repeated unsuccessful attempts by Alam Mesra Holdings
to remedy the defects, Megah Holdings hired another supplier, who, for an
additional RM800,000 replaced the heat exchanger and was able to achieve the
level of performance originally promised by Alam Mesra Holdings. The total
amount received by Alam Mesra Holdings under its contract was RM500,000" .

....61-

Dicetak o/eh I •nil Peperiksaan & Pengijazahan, Bahogian Pengur11son Akodemik, P11sar Pengurusan Akademik. UniMAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)
-6-

["Megah Holdings ialah sehuah syarikat yang mengeluarkan pelbagai jenis gaya untuk aplikasi
industri. Bagi meningkatkan kekuatan produk kelulinya, Megah Holdings menggunakan proses
lindapkejut dan pembajaan. Semasa peringkat pelindapkejutan, kelu/i panas dengan cepat
disejukkan dengan air. Semasafasa pembajaan, keluli kemudiannya dirawat haba untuk masa yang
sesuai. Proses ini memerlukan sejumlah besar air don haba. Berdepan dengan peningkatan fws
untuk tenaga, Megah Holdings memutuskan untuk memasong sistem pemulihan haba. Sistem ini
okan termasuk penukar haba yang dengannyo hobo boleh diperoleh semula daripada air penyejuk
dalam peringkat pelindapkejutan, digabungkan dengan haba tambahan daripada saluran wop di
loji yang sebaliknya tidak digunakan sepenuhnya. Haba pemulihan, kemudian, akan digunakan
untuk memanaskan keluli dalam peringkat pembajaan.

Megah Holdings memeterai kontrak pembeka/an peralatan dengan Alam Mesra Holdings. Alam
Mesra Holdings bersetuju untuk mere/ca bentuk, membekal dan memasang t1nit pemu/ihan haba
pada harga kontrak RM600,000. Selepas analisis proses Megah Holdings, Alam Mesra Holdings
menentukan dan menjamin da/am kontrak bahawa sistem pem11lihan haba alcan memulihkan 40%
daripada haba dalam air penyejuk don ini akan menghasillcan penjimatan yang besar da/am kos
tenaga. Kontrak itu juga mengandungi peruntukan yang mengehadkan jum/ah liabiliti Alam Mesra
Holdings kepada RM600,000 untuk sebarang kehilangan, kerosakan atau kecederaan ak:ibat
prestasi Alam lvlesra Holdings dan perkhidmatannya di bawah kontrak.

Sistem pemulihan haba telah dipasang dan beroperasi; bagaimanapun, kecacalan tertentu dalam
penukar haba menghalang sistem daripada memu/ihkan lebih daripada 5% haba da/am air
penyejuk. Selepas percubaan berulang kali gaga/ oleh Alam Mesra Holdings untuk membetullcan
kecacatan, Megah Holdings mengupah pembekal lain, yang, dengan tambahan RMB00,000
menggantikan penukar haba dan dapat mencapai tahap prestasi yang asalnya dijanjilcan oleh Alam
Mesra Holdings. Jumlah yang diterima oleh Alam Mesra Holdings di bawah kontroknya ialah
RM500,000].

( 14 Marks/ Marleah)

(b) Trespassing is charged under the Law of Tort. Justify THREE (3) types of trespassing
on a person and elaborate by providing appropriate example.
[Menceroboh bo/eh diambil tindakan di bawah undang-undang Tort. Berikan justifikasi anda terhadap
TIGA (3) jenis pencerobohan ke atas seseorang dan huraikan dengan contoh-contoh yang bersesuaian
untuk setiap jenis]

(6 Marks/ Markah)

....7/-

Dicetak oleh Unit f'eperiksoan & Pengijazaltan, Baltagian Pengurusan Akademik, Pusat Pengwwan Akademik, Uni MAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)
-7-

(COl, P06, CS)

Question 4
/Soalan4}

(a) There are various types of IP that could be registered. Describe in detail THREE (3)
main types ofIP.
[rerdapal pelbagai jenis IP yang boleh didaftarkan. Terangkan secara terperinci TIGA (3) jenis IP
utama.]

(3 Marks/ Mar/rah)

(b) Patent legal battles are not uncommon especially among leading companies in the
world. Evaluate the important of these legal battles to the companies and justify the
settlements option over trial.
[Pertarungan undang-undang paten bukanlah sesuati1 yang luar biasa terutamanya di kalangan syarikat
terkemu/ra di dunia. Ni/ailran kepentingan pertarungan undang-undang ini kepada syarikat dan
wajarkan pilihan penyelesaian berbanding perbicaraan.]

(7 Marks/ Mar/rah)

(c) Consider the following case. Suggest liabilities in Tort Law that may arise in this case.
In your answer, explain the purpose of Tort Law and identify what essential principles
of Tort Law are relevant. Apply each principle to the facts and indicate a likely outcome
in the matter.
[Pertimbangkan kes berikut. Cadangkan liabiliti dalam undang-undang T011 yang mungkin timbul
dalam Ires ini. Dalam jawapan anda, terangkan tujuan undang-undang Tort dan kenal pasti prinsip
penting undang-undang Tort yang relevan. Gunakan setiap prinsip pada fakJa dan nyatalcan
kemungkinan hasil dalam perkara itu.]

"Borong Lan Sdn. Bhd. ("BOLAN"), the owner of a grocery store chain in Perlis,
contracted with an architect to design and prepare the construction documentation
for a new store in Arau, Perlis. The architect produced some general construction
specifications that included a requirement that an automat ic sprinkler system,
conforming to the Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia standards, be installed.
Tne architect retained an engineering firm pursuant to a separate agreement to
which BOLAN was not a party. Under the contract the engineering firm was to
prepare the detailed engineering design for the project, including the sprinkler
system. The engineering design was to conform to the architect's general
specifications. A recent engineering graduate employed by the engineering finn
prepared the design of the sprinkler system. Not being familiar with the Fire and
Rescue Department of Malaysia requirements, the employee read certain sections
of the standards but did not have enough time, given other project responsibilities,
to pay close attention to all the detaiis.

. ... 8/-

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijaurhan, Bahagian Pengurusan Akademik, Pusat Peng11rusan Akademik, Uni MAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30662)
-8-

A professional engineer reviewed the employee's completed sprinkler system

design. Although the professional engineer did not perform a detailed check, the
professional engineer considered the design satisfactory. Six months after the store
opened for business. a fire occurred early one morning. The fire caused substantial
damage to the store and to its inventory and BOLAN had to close the store for
repair. BOLAN retained a consulting engineer to conduct an independent
investigation. The consulting engineer determined that the sprinkler system was
inadequately designed. Specifically, the design did not conform to the Fire and
Rescue Department of Malaysia standards, which required, among other things,
that the coverage per sprinkler head was not to exceed ten square metres. The
engineer determined that 10 % of the sprinkler heads were designed to cover an
area as high as twenty-five square metres. The repo1t indicated that, in the
engineer's expert opinion, had the sprinkler head spacing conformed to the Fire and
Rescue Department of Malaysia standards, the fire should have been quickly
extinguished and would not have spread to any great extent''.

[Borong Lan Sdn. Bhd ("BOLAN"), pemilik rangkaian kedai runcit di Per/is, membuat lwntrak
dengan seorang arkitek untuk mereka bentuk dan menyediakan dokumentasi pembinaan sebuah
kedai baharn di Arau, Perlis. Arkitek menghasilkan beberapa spesifikasi pembinaan wnum yang
termasuk keperluan bahawa sistem pemercik automatik, yang dipasang mematuhi pimvaian
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. Arkitek itu mengekalkan firma kejuruteraan menurut
peljanjian bera.singan yang BOLAN bukan parti. Di bawah kontrak, firma kejuruteraan perlu
menyediakan reka bentuk kejuruteraan terperinci untuk projek itu, termasuk sistem pemercik. Reka
bentuk kejuruteraan mestil.ah mematuhi spesijikasi am ditetapkan oleh arkitek. Seorang jurutera
yang barn bergraduat dan barn diambil bekelja di firma kejuruteraan itu ditugaskan untuk
menyediakan reka bentuk sistem pemercik. Tidak biasa dengan keperluan Jabatan Bomba dnn
Penyelamat Malaysia, pekelja itu membaca bahagian piawaian tertentu tetapi tidak mempunyai
masa yang mencukupi, memandangkan ditanggungjmvabkan dengan projek lain, untuk memberi
perhatian yang teliti kepada semua butiran. Seorang jurotera profesional menyemak reka bentuk
sistem pemercik pekelja yang telah siap. Walaupun jurutera profesional tidak melakukan
pemeriksaan terperinci, beliau menganggap reka bentuk itu memuaskan. Enam bu/an selepas kedai
dibuka untuk perniagaan, kebakaran berlaku pada awal pagi. Kebakaran itu menyebabkan
kerosakan besar kepada stor dan kepada inventorinya don BOLAN terpaksa menutup stor untuk
pembaikan. BOLAN mengekalkan jurutera perunding untuk menjalankan siasatan bebas. Jurutera
perunding menentukan bahawa sistem pemercik tidak direka bentuk dengan sempuma. Secara
khususnya, reka bentuk itu tidak mematuhi piawaian Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia,
yang memerlukan, antara lain, liputan setiap kepala pemercik tidak melebihi sepuluh meter persegi.
Jurutera menentukan bahawa 10% daripada kepala pemercik direka untuk meliputi kawasan
setinggi dua puluh lima meter persegi. Laporan itu menunjukkan bahawa, pada pendapat pakar
jurotera, sekiranya jarak kepala pemercik menepati piawaian Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat
Malaysia, api sepatutnya dipadamkan dengan cepat dan tidak akan merebak ke tahap yang besar.]

(IO Marks/ Markah)

....9/-

Dicetak o /eh U11it Peperiksaan & Pengg·a;;:a han, 8ahagia11 PenguntSan Akademik, Pusat Pengur usan A kademik. UniMAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)
-9-

(C02, P07, CS)

Question 5
{Soalan 5/

(a) Electric cars are considered one of today's worldwide trending technologies. In
Malaysia, according to the Road Transport Department (JPJ), as of December 2022,
there were more than l 0,000 electric vehicles registered. Electric cars are considered
good for the environment sustainability and require Jess maintenance than traditional
fuel-powered or Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) cars.
[Kenderaan elektrik dianggap sebagai salah satu teknologi yang menjadi trending global pada masa
kini. Di Malaysia, menurut Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan (JPJ), sehingga Disember 2022, terdapat
lebih daripada 10,000 kenderaan e/ektrik yang telah didaftarkan. Kenderaan elektrik dianggap baik
untuk kelestarian alam sekitar dan memerlukan kurang penjagaan berbanding kenderaan tradisional
yang menggunakan bahan api atau enjin pembakaran dalam (Internal Combustion Engine - ICE).]

(i) Describe the meaning of general sustainability development terms.

[Terangkan makna terma-terma pembangunan kelestarian umum.]
(2 Marks/ Marleah)

(ii) Discuss THREE (3) advantages of electric car for environment

sustainability.
[Bincangkan TIGA (3) kelebihan kereta elektrik dalam kelestarian a/am sekitar.)
(6 Marks/ Marleah)

(iii) Provide TWO {2) suggestions to the governments and policymakers to

promote the use of electric cars for environment sustainability.
[Berilcan DUA (2) cadangan kepada kerajaan dan pembuat dasar untuk mempromosikan
penggunaan kereta elektrik bagi ke/estarian alam sekitar.J
(4 Marks/ Markah)

(b) The main materials for producing electric car batteries are lithium and cobalt.
[Bahan utama untuk menghasillean bateri kereta elektrik ada/ah lithium dan koba/t.]

(i) Discuss the potential environmental impacts of mining, manufacturing and

disposing of electric car batteries.
[Bincangkan impak a/am sekitar yang berpotensi timbul daripada penambangan,
pembuatan dan pelupusan bateri kereta elektrik.]
(4 Marks/ Marleah)

(ii) Suggest TWO (2) solutions on how we can mitigate these impacts.
[Cadangkan DUA (1) penyelesaian bagaimana kita boleh mengurangkan kesa11-kesan ini.]
(4 Marks/ Marleah)

... .10/~

Dicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaon & Pengijazahon, Bohagion Pe11g11ruso11 Akodemik, Pusot Pe11gzm1sa11 Akodemik, Uni MAP SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)
- 10 -

(C03, P08, CS)

Question 6
{Soalan 6/

(a) Describe the scope of an engineer's responsibility in relation to his or her work and
society. Explain with examples.
[Huraikan slwp utama tanggung;awab seorang jurutera dan hubungannya dengan ke1ja dan
masyarakal. Terangkan dengan contoh-contoh]
(5 Marks/ Marleah)

(b) Imagine that you are an engineer working for a company that designs and builds
electrical and electronic systems. You have been assigned to oversee the system
design for an apartment complex. You have discovered that the materials for 1he
system are of a lower quality than the specifications required by t'1e contract and the
safety standards. You know that using these materials would save the company
money and time, but it would also increase the risk of wiring and system failure and
potential harm to the occupant. How would you handle this ethical dilemma? Explain
your reasoning and justify your decision using relevant (utilitarian and professional)
ethical theories and principles.
[Bayangkan anda seorang jurutera yang bekerja untuk syarikat yang menghasilkan dan membina
sistem elelctrik dan elektronik. Anda telah diberikan tugas untuk mengawasi rekabentuk sistem untuk
sebuah kompleks perumahan. Anda telah menemui bahawa kua/iti bahan-bahan yang digunakan
untuk sistem tersebut adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan spesifikasi yang diperlukan oleh
kontrak dan piawaian keselamatan. Anda mengetahui bahawa penggunaan bahan-bahan inl alcan
menjimatkan kas dan masa pembinaan, tetapi ia akan meningkatkan risiko kegagalan pendawaian
elektrik dan sistem serla kemtmgkinan membahayakan penghuni. Bagaimanakah anda menangani
dilema etika ini? Terangkan alasan anda dan jelaskan keputusan anda dengan menggunakan teori
dan prinsip etika yang relevan ('utilitarian ' dan profesional).]
( 15 Marks/ Marleah)

-0000000-

... .11/-

Oicetak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijazaha11, Bahagia11 Pengumsan Akademik. P11.sat Peng11n1san Akademik, UniMA p SULIT
SULIT
(NMJ30602)

APPENDIX A
/LAMPIRAN A}

CO - PO Information

co
COl Ability to interpret and appraise the various hazard and function of risk
management, occupational safety and health (OSHA) as wells as Jegal issues
in professional engineering practice.

C02 Ability to determine and discuss the sustainability and impact of engineering
work on complex issues pertaining to societal and environmental contexts.

C03 Ability to interpret and deduce the issues and challenges of engineering ethics
and norms of engineerL11g practice.

PO

P06 Engineer and Society - Apply reasoning informed by contextual knowledge to

assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and solutions to
complex engineering problem.

P07 Environment and Sustainability - Understand and evaluate the sustainability

and impact of professional engineering work in the sohltions of complex
engineering problems in societal and environmental contexts.

P08 Ethics - Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of engineering practice.

Dice1ak oleh Unit Peperiksaan & Pengijazahan , Sahagian Pengurusan Akademik, Pusat Peng11nisan Akademik, UniMAP SULIT