Here are 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the provided content:

1. **What is the origin of the word 'research'?**

- A) Latin
- B) Greek
- C) French
- D) German

**Answer:** C) French

2. **Research is primarily a method of:**

- A) Casual inquiry
- B) Critical thinking
- C) Random search
- D) Unstructured exploration

**Answer:** B) Critical thinking

3. **Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?**

- A) Controlled
- B) Rigorous
- C) Spontaneous
- D) Systematic

**Answer:** C) Spontaneous
4. **According to Creswell (2012), what are the three general steps in the
research process?**
- A) Formulate a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, report findings
- B) Pose a question, collect data, present an answer
- C) Review literature, collect data, analyze results
- D) Identify a problem, implement a solution, evaluate results

**Answer:** B) Pose a question, collect data, present an answer

5. **The primary purpose of research is to:**

- A) Create new theories
- B) Find answers to questions
- C) Challenge existing beliefs
- D) Collect data

**Answer:** B) Find answers to questions

6. **Which characteristic of research ensures that the findings are based on

real-life experiences and observations?**
- A) Systematic
- B) Empirical
- C) Generalizable
- D) Objective

**Answer:** B) Empirical
7. **What type of reasoning involves developing generalizations based on
observation of a limited number of related events?**
- A) Deductive reasoning
- B) Inductive reasoning
- C) Abductive reasoning
- D) Analytical reasoning

**Answer:** B) Inductive reasoning

8. **Which research approach entails the collection and analysis of numerical

data?**
- A) Qualitative
- B) Quantitative
- C) Mixed Method
- D) Theoretical

**Answer:** B) Quantitative

9. **Qualitative research is often referred to as:**

- A) Experimental research
- B) Survey research
- C) Naturalistic research
- D) Analytical research

**Answer:** C) Naturalistic research

10. **Which method involves researchers having little personal interaction with
the participants they study?**
- A) Qualitative research
- B) Quantitative research
- C) Mixed method research
- D) Ethnographic research

**Answer:** B) Quantitative research

11. **A good research must be free from:**

- A) Systematic processes
- B) Personal bias
- C) Data collection
- D) Analytical thinking

**Answer:** B) Personal bias

12. **In the context of research, what does 'generalizability' refer to?**
- A) Ability to control variables
- B) Ensuring accurate and precise procedures
- C) Applying findings to similar situations
- D) Drawing conclusions based on evidence

**Answer:** C) Applying findings to similar situations

13. **Which type of research is concerned with understanding participants'

perspectives through extensive interaction?**
 - A) Quantitative research
- B) Qualitative research
- C) Mixed method research
- D) Experimental research

**Answer:** B) Qualitative research

14. **In research, what is the purpose of stating hypotheses at the outset of a
study?**
- A) To describe the research setting
- B) To guide data collection and analysis
- C) To identify the sample size
- D) To avoid bias

**Answer:** B) To guide data collection and analysis

15. **Which type of interview is based on pre-determined questions and

standardized techniques?**
- A) Informal/unstructured
- B) Formal/structured
- C) Semi-structured
- D) Guided

**Answer:** B) Formal/structured

16. **In qualitative research, data collection typically occurs in:**

- A) Controlled environments
 - B) Naturalistic settings
- C) Laboratory settings
- D) Theoretical contexts

**Answer:** B) Naturalistic settings

17. **Which quality is NOT essential for a good interviewer?**

- A) Knowledgeable
- B) Prepared and organized
- C) Dominant
- D) Good listener

**Answer:** C) Dominant

18. **What is the main goal of ethnographic research?**

- A) To compare different societies
- B) To understand cultural patterns and perspectives in their natural setting
- C) To develop theories grounded in data
- D) To examine historical events systematically

**Answer:** B) To understand cultural patterns and perspectives in their

natural setting

19. **Which type of reasoning involves arriving at specific conclusions based on

general principles?**
- A) Inductive reasoning
- B) Deductive reasoning
 - C) Abductive reasoning
- D) Analytical reasoning

**Answer:** B) Deductive reasoning

20. **Which data collection method involves verbal communication between

the researcher and respondents?**
- A) Observation
- B) Interview
- C) Survey
- D) Experiment

**Answer:** B) Interview

These questions cover key concepts and definitions related to research

methodology, qualitative and quantitative research approaches, and
interviewing techniques.