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A Família Da Casa de Bonecas 1 Tradução DarkSeidClub 1st Edition Mike Carey Peter Gross Full Chapter Download PDF
A Família Da Casa de Bonecas 1 Tradução DarkSeidClub 1st Edition Mike Carey Peter Gross Full Chapter Download PDF
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of the 3 loculi of the 3-grooved ovary is 1 ovule. The fruit is a
schizocarp and divides into 3 1-seeded, drupe-like fruitlets, which do
not (as in the Geraniaceæ) leave any pronounced column between
them. Endosperm is wanting. The cotyledons are thick and
sometimes slightly coalescent. Tubers often occur.
Fig. 437.—Diagram of
Tropæolum: sp, spur.
Tropæolum.—About 40 species; all from America.
Pollination.—The spur is the receptacle for the nectar; the flowers are
protandrous; the anthers open first, and one by one take up a position in front of
the entrance to the spur, resuming their original position when the pollen is shed;
the stigma finally takes their place after the filaments have bent backwards.—
These plants have an acrid taste (hence the name “Nasturtium,” “Indian Cress”),
on which account the flower-buds and young fruits of T. majus are used as capers.
Some species are ornamental plants.
Order 5. Balsaminaceæ. Herbaceous, chiefly annual plants with
juicy, brittle stems, so transparent that the vascular bundles may be
distinctly seen. The leaves are simple, usually scattered,
penninerved and dentate; stipules are wanting, but sometimes large
glands are present in their place at the base of the petioles. The
flowers are strongly zygomorphic; of their five 5-merous whorls the
petal-stamens are suppressed (S5, P5, A5 + 0, G5); the sepals are
coloured, the 2 anterior ones (Fig. 438 3, 5) are very small or entirely
suppressed, the posterior one is very large and elongated into a
spur, and the 2 lateral ones pushed forward; sometimes the weight
of the spur turns the flower completely round, so that the posterior
leaves assume an anterior position; apparently only 3 petals, since
the lateral and the posterior petals become united in pairs, and the
anterior is larger and differently shaped; the 5 stamens have very
short and thick filaments united at the base, and their anthers finally
adhere together and remain in this condition, covering over the
gynœceum; the filaments ultimately rupture at the base, and the
entire anthers are raised on the apex of the gynœceum as it grows
up. The gynœceum has a sessile stigma and a 5-locular ovary. The
fruit is a capsule which, on maturity, opens suddenly when irritated,
dividing into valves from the base upwards, and as the 5 valves roll
up elastically, the seeds are shot out on all sides to considerable
distances; a central column persists (Fig. 439). The embryo is
straight, and without endosperm.
Fig. 438.—Diagram of
Impatiens glanduligera.
Fig. 439.—Fruit of Impatiens.
Impatiens; in Europe only I. noli-me-tangere. 225 species; especially from Asia.
Several species have two kinds of flowers: small, cleistogamic, but fertile; and
large, coloured flowers, which in I. balsamine (ornamental plant, E. Ind.) are
protandrous and pollinated by hive-and humble-bees, as they suck the honey from
the spur.
Order 6. Limnanthaceæ. The flowers are regular and differ from all the other
orders in the family by having the carpels not in front of the petals, but in front of
the sepals (which are valvate), and further, the loculi are nearly free individually,
but with a common gynobasic style; the ovules are ascending and apotropous
(anatropous with ventral raphe). The fruit is a schizocarp, with nut-like cocci.—
Limnanthes (4 species; N. Am.) perhaps belongs to another family.
Order 7. Humiriaceæ. Trees and shrubs; about 20 species; Trop. Am.