Module 1

1. What are the fundamental principles of cell biology, and why is it important for
understanding life processes?
2. How do cells contribute to the functioning of living organisms, and what are the key
differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
3. What are the major organelles within a cell, and what functions do they perform?
4. Describe the structure of a typical animal cell and its organelles, highlighting their
functions.
5. What are stem cells, and how do they differ from other types of cells in the body?
6. What are the potential applications of stem cells in regenerative medicine, disease
modelling, and drug discovery?
7. What ethical considerations surround the use of stem cells, and how are these addressed
in research and clinical practice?
8. What are the main types of carbohydrates, and what roles do they play in cellular
structure, energy storage, and signalling?
9. Discuss the importance of vitamins in maintaining health and preventing disease,
focusing on their roles as coenzymes and antioxidants.

Module-2

1. How do cellulose-based water filters work, and what advantages do they offer over
traditional filters?
2. What are PHA and PLA bioplastics, and how do they contribute to reducing plastic
pollution?
3. What are the challenges in scaling up the production of PHA and PLA bioplastics for
widespread use?
4. How does a DNA vaccine for rabies differ from traditional vaccines, and what are its
potential benefits?
5. What are the key components and mechanisms involved in RNA vaccines for COVID-
19?
6. What are the nutritional benefits of whey protein and meat analogs, and how do they
compare to their animal-based counterparts?
7. What environmental and ethical considerations support the adoption of plant-based
proteins?
8. What are the main sources of biodiesel, and how does its production contribute to
renewable energy goals?
9. How do cleaning agents and detergents utilise lipid-based ingredients, and what are the
implications for environmental sustainability?