Factorisation:

which numbers can divide the given number perfectly.

15 - 1,15,5,3,

x - 1, x

prime numbers - no. that have only 2 factors.

2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,
37

39 - 3,13,1,39 - 1*39 - 1*3*13

20 - 2*10 - 2*2*5

(x+2) + {(x+2)^2} = (x+2) +{x^2 + 4x + 4} = (x+2)(1+(x+2))

(x+y) - {(y+x)(z+x)} = (x+y)(1-(z+x))

10 + 100 = 10*1 + 10*10 = 10(1+10)

xy+xz+y^2+yz = (x+y)(y+z)
x(y+4z) + y(y+z)
xy+yz+y^2 = y(x+z+y) +xz

xy + xz = y(x + xz/y )

xz *(y/y)

splitting the middle term:

a+b+c+d - 4 terms - (a+b)+(c+d)

P+Q+R - 3 terms - P+Q1+Q2+R

Property:
Q1+Q2 = Q
Q1*Q2 = P*R

Eg:
4 + 4x + x^2 =

P - 4
Q - 4x
R - x^2
Q1 + Q2 = 4x - 2x+2x
Q1*Q2 = 4*x^2 - 2x * 2x
4 + 2x + 2x + x^2 = 2(2+x) + x(2+x) = (2+x)^2)

Eg2: (x+5)^2

10x + x^2 + 25
Q - 10x
10:
1,9
2,8
3,7
4,6
5,5

25:
1,25
5*5

5*2*x
Q1 -
Q2 -
x^2 + 5x + 5x + 25 =

Eg3:

a^2 + 2ab + b^2 =

P-2ab - ab+ab
Q-a^2
r-b^2

Book Eg1:
12*a^2*b - 2*2*3*a*a*b - (4*a)3ab
15*a*b^2 - (5*b)3ab
3ab(4a + 5b)