Module 3:

PREPARING AND
DELIVERING THE
INFORMATION TALK

LESSONS
1.Introduction to
Public Speaking
& The Speaker’s
Attributes

2.Preparing and
Delivering the
Information
Talk
 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
Introduction to Public Speaking & The
Speaker’s Attributes
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the
student will be able to meet
the following learning
objectives with at least 75%
accuracy.
1) Know the importance of
public speaking and
develop an appreciation
for it.
2) To appreciate the
attributes or qualities to
possess when giving an
information talk.
“I imagined that people were
noticing every one of my faults
and insecurities. I couldn’t
focus on my speech. I felt they
were laughing quietly to
themselves”, says a teenager
named Sandy. Let us admit it.
Most of us dread the thought
of speaking before others.
Some people have even
ranked their fear of public
speaking above their fear of
death! However you might feel
about it yourself, there are
good reasons why you should
be interested in public
speaking.
8 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication
01
What is Public Speaking?
Public speaking, also called oration or oratory, is
the process of communicating information to a
live audience. The type of information
communicated is deliberately structured to
inform, persuade, and entertain.
What is Public Speaking and Its Purpose?
There are three general purposes that all
speeches fall into: to inform, to persuade, and
to entertain. Depending on what your ultimate
goal is, you will start by picking one of these
general purposes and then selecting an
appropriate speech pattern that goes along with
that general purpose.
Why is public speaking important for
students?
It challenges children to think on their feet and
develop an analytical mindset toward problem-
solving. Public speaking also encourages critical
thinking, logic, research, memorization, and
other vital cognitive skills as they make their way
in the world.
What are the four types of public speaking?
1. Ceremonial speaking
2. Demonstrative speaking
3. Informative speaking
4. Persuasive speaking
 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
What is the importance and benefit
of public speaking?
1. Improve your research skills
Preparing a speech requires finding
ideas, statistics, and evidence to
support your claims or arguments,
which can allow you to develop strong
research skills. In addition to verifying
your claims, learning to research
properly can help you determine what
information is credible for you to use. In
your professional life, research skills
may also be useful for:
- Developing new products or service
- Analyzing competitors in the same
market
- Understanding current trends in
your industry
- learning about target customers
- Researching and writing articles or
reports
2. Advance your career
Public speaking may help you
advance your career because it can
build your credibility. If you’re
speaking at conferences or large events,
many people may hear you speak and
watch how you present yourself. This
may lead them to remember who you
are and ask you to speak at other
events.
Using your public speaking skills at
your job might help you advance your
career goals. You can use these skills in
the office to differentiate yourself from
others with similar backgrounds to
8 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication
yours. At work, strong public speaking
skills may also help you:
- Present your ideas to your
managers
- Speak during meetings
- Perform well in job interviews
3. Building your confidence
- Through public speaking, you can
build your confidence. Learning ways
you can overcome any challenges you
encounter when giving speeches may
lead to your feeling empowered. If you
perform well, you may receive positive
feedback from moderators and audience
members, which can help build your
confidence in speaking. The more you
practice before giving a speech, the
more you might feel comfortable in the
delivery and content of your
presentation.
4. Strengthen your critical thinking skills
- You can strengthen your critical
thinking skills through public speaking
because creating and delivering a
speech requires analysis and
reflection. Writing speeches typically
involves thinking about your topic and
curating your speech for your audience.
You may use critical thinking skills to
determine how well your audience is
receiving your speech, which can help
you decide to alter or maintain your
delivery.
5. Exercise your deductive reasoning
- Deductive reasoning is when you
take two true sentences and form your
conclusion. You can exercise your
deductive reasoning when reaching a
 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
conclusion you’ve made through your
research. This can strengthen your
speech because it shows your audience
you’ve analyzed your topic. They can
see how you’ve reached the conclusion,
and they may either agree with you or
reach their own conclusion based on
your evidence.
6. Represent your organization
- Doing public speaking for your
company can allow you to represent
your organization and share its mission
and goals. It can also help you
improve your marketing skills and
increase your confidence in your
delivery and sales. Your speeches may
help potential customers learn what the
organization can provide them with,
such as products and services, which
might help the company generate more
sales. Here’s how you can represent the
company you work for effectively in your
speeches.
- Ensure your speech covers what
your company does for its customers
- Review the facts in your speech
to make sure your information is factual
- Share your speech on social
media to reach a larger audience.
7. Improve your oral communication
skills
- Participating in public speaking can
increase your oral communication skills
because you’re rehearsing and
presenting information to people,
whether it’s a small or large audience.
Learning good speaking skills can thus
benefit you in a variety of ways. Even
Purposive Communication ‖ Apostol & Colilihan.
Semi-Finals
so, you may still feel anxious at the
thought of getting up before an
audience. Is there something you can
do to overcome your nervousness? Yes,
there is.
Overcoming Your Fears
“You don’t have to be brilliant or
perfect to succeed,” says Dr. Morton C.
Orman, an expert on stress and a
professional public speaker. “The
essence of public speaking is this: give
your audience something of value.”
In other words, concentrate on the
message, not on yourself or your own
anxieties. if you present something of
substance that you really believe in,
your nervousness will more readily
lessen.
Ron Sathoff, another noted speaker
and trainer, makes this suggestion:
Don’t think of your speech as a
performance. Treat it as a
conversation. Yes, try to connect with
your audience, not as a mass, but as
individuals, just as you would in regular
conversation. Show a real “personal
interest” in your audience and speak to
them the way you normally talk.
(Philippians 2:3, 4) The more
conversational your approach, the
more relaxed you will be.
Another common reason for anxiety is
fear of embarrassment or of being
judged by your audience. Lenny
Laskowski, a professional speaker and
trainer, reminds us that audiences tend
to approach each presentation with a
9
 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
positive outlook. “They want you to
succeed—not fail,” Laskowski says. So
have a positive mind-set. If possible,
try to greet some of your audience as
they arrive. Try to see them, not as
enemies, but as friends.
Remember, too, that nervousness is
not entirely a bad thing. “Contrary to
popular belief,” one expert says,
“nervousness is good for you and your
presentation.” Why is that? Because a
measure of nervousness reflects
modesty, which will help keep you from
becoming overconfident. (Proverbs
11:2) Many athletes, musicians, and
actors feel that a little nervous energy
actually makes them perform better,
and the same can be true of public
speakers.
Of course, as in any endeavor, such as
sports, art, or music, there is no
substitute for experience and lots of
practice. Others recommend preparing
your speech far enough in advance so
that you have enough time to practice.
And do not give up. The more often
you speak in front of others, the more
comfortable you get.”
The Speaker’s Attributes
Good Personal Appearance
Your personal appearance says much
about you. When you are clean and
well-groomed, others will likely
conclude that you have self-respect,
and they will be more inclined to listen
to you.
10 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication
Poise
IT IS not unusual for a speaker to feel
nervous when he gets up to speak,
especially if he does not give talks
frequently. A poised speaker is one
who is composed. This composure is
evident in his physical bearing. His
posture is natural and appropriate to
the occasion. Movement of his hands is
meaningful. His voice is expressive and
controlled. When you are faced with a
challenge and want to do well but are
not sure that you will, you feel anxiety.
As a result, the brain signals the body
to produce more adrenaline. The
resulting surge may cause a more rapid
heartbeat, a change in breathing rate,
increased perspiration, or even
shakiness in the hands and knees as
well as trembling of the voice. Your
body is endeavoring to help you deal
with your situation by increasing your
energy level. The challenge is to
channel the surge of energy into
constructive thinking and enthusiastic
delivery.
How to Reduce Anxiety. Remember
that it is normal to feel some anxiety.
To maintain poise, however, you need
to be able to reduce the level of
anxiety and deal with your situation in
a calm and dignified manner. How can
you accomplish this?
 Prepare thoroughly.
 Practice your delivery aloud.
 Know the physical symptoms.
 Know the vocal symptoms
 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
Gestures and Facial Expression
People of some cultures gesture more
freely than those from other
backgrounds. Yet, practically everyone
talks with changes of facial expression
and some form of gesturing. This is
true both in personal conversation and
in public speaking.
Ideas and feelings are communicated
not only with the voice but also by
means of gestures and facial
expressions. Failure to use these well
may convey an impression of
indifference on the part of the one
speaking. But when these means of
communication are tastefully blended,
the effectiveness of speech is greatly
enhanced. Even when you speak over
the telephone, if you make appropriate
use of gestures and facial expressions,
your voice will more readily convey the
importance of your message as well as
your personal feelings about what you
are saying. Thus, whether you are
speaking extemporaneously or are
reading, whether your audience is
looking at you or at their own copies of
the Bible, gestures and facial
expressions are of value.
Your gestures and your facial
expressions should not be taken from a
book. You never had to study how to
laugh or how to be indignant. Gestures
should also express feelings that are
within you. The more spontaneous your
gestures, the better.
Purposive Communication ‖ Apostol & Colilihan.
Semi-Finals
The Expression on Your Face. More
than any other bodily feature, your
face often expresses how you really
feel. Your eyes, the shape of your
mouth, the inclination of your head all
play a part. Without a word being
spoken, your face can convey
indifference, disgust, perplexity,
amazement, or delight. When such
facial expressions accompany the
spoken word, they add visual and
emotional impact.
Whether you are on the platform or are
participating in the field ministry, you
are endeavoring to share with people a
message that is pleasant, one that can
make their hearts rejoice. A warm
smile confirms that. On the other hand,
if your face is devoid of expression, this
may raise questions about your
sincerity.
More than that, a smile tells others that
you have a kindly feeling toward them.
That is especially important in these
days when people are often afraid of
strangers. Your smile can help people
to relax and to be more receptive to
what you say.
Why are gestures and facial
expressions important? Gestures and
facial expressions add visual and
emotional emphasis to your speech.
They may stir up your feelings and
therefore enliven your voice.
11
 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk

IN-CLASS ACTIVITY REMINDER:

Every week, try to recite in class whether in your Purposive

Communication subject or in other subjects. Notice that nervousness
begins to subside when you give your second or third recitation at the
same class session.

12 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication

 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the
student will be able to meet
the following learning
objectives with at least 75%
accuracy.
1) To develop a theme
from a certain subject
2) To create an outline
written in cue cards
3) To deliver the
information talk
extemporaneously.
DEVELOP THE THEME
Experienced speakers know
the value of having a theme.
When they are preparing an
information talk or any kind
of public speaking, the
theme helps them to focus
attention on a narrower field
of information and to think
more deeply about it. The
result is that instead of
superficially touching on
points, they develop their
material in a way that is
more beneficial to their
audience.
The theme of a talk or ay
public speaking endeavor is
not a broad subject, such as
“love”; it is the particular
Semi-Finals
02
ACTIVITY
aspect from which that subject is discussed. For
example, the theme might be “True Love - Why
It Is Hard To Find Nowadays”. It could be
“Puppy Love - How Successful Is It After A
Year?” or “Keep On Growing in Love.” Although
these themes all center on love, they view each
subject in a different way and require
development.
The first step in formulating a theme is to pick a
broad subject that you or the group is interested
in. For example, if you are very knowledgeable
about love, then you can choose that. Next,
think of why you are going to discuss love in
your information talk. It is important that we
know our objective because then we can already
formulate our theme into a phrase or sentence.
Think of the goal or objective as what you want
your audience to know, believe, to feel, or to be
able to do after listening to your information
talk. For example, if our objective is to just
inform them about love, then we have an idea of
what we are going to inform them about. Hence,
we can already create our theme in a form of a
sentence or phrase. If we want to inform them
about love, maybe our theme can look like this
“What Really Is True Love?”. If we mainly want
them to believe in love, then our theme can look
like this “True Love - You Can Find It In A
Difficult World.” If we primarily want our
audience to do a certain type of action then our
theme can look like this “True Love - Steps On
How To Find It.”
Purposive Communication ‖ Apostol & Colilihan. 13
 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
FORMULATING THE MAIN POINTS
AND SUB POINTS
After you have formulated your theme,
it is now time to make your main points.
What are main points in an information
talk? They are the main ideas of the
information talk. They are like shelf
labels or signs in grocery stores that
help one to identify what a section of
shelves contain, and they govern what
may be included in that section and
what ought to be left out. So it is with
the main points of your information talk.
Select only main points that relate to
your theme and that you can teach
effectively in the allotted time. Limit the
number of main points, clearly state
each main point
Another factor. The selection and use of
main points will vary according to the
audience and purpose of the talk. So in
making your selection, choose only the
essentials. So, ask, what makes a point
essential? It is essential if you cannot
accomplish the purpose of your talk
without it. Ask yourself, what does my
audience already know? What must I
establish to accomplish my objective?
In a discussion of how to find true love,
it is important that we establish what
true love really means. Therefore you
would consider the definition of true love
to be one of the main points of the
discussion.
But if the audience has pre-determined
knowledge about true love, then your
discussion about the definition of true
love might be only secondary. In that
case, the extensive discussion or
consideration of the definition of true
love would not be essential.
So ask yourself, "What does my
14 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication
audience already know? What must I
establish to accomplish my purpose?" If
you know the answer to the first
question, you can answer the second by
gathering your material, temporarily
setting aside all matters that are known
and sorting out all the remaining points
into the fewest possible groups. These
groups become your identifying signs as
to what main points or supporting points
you are presenting to your audience.
You also find out which points can be
removed from your preparation. But
with regards to the main points, they
must never become covered up or
hidden. They are your main points,
which must stand out.
Not too many main points.
There are only a few essentials on any
subject. In the majority of cases they
can be numbered on one hand. This is
true regardless of the time you have in
which to present them. Do not fall into
the common snare of trying to make too
many points stand out. Your audience
can reasonably grasp only so many
different ideas at one sitting. And the
longer your talk, the simpler it must be
made and the stronger and more
sharply defined your key points must
be. So do not try to make your audience
remember many things. Select those
points that you feel they absolutely
must carry away and then spend all your
time talking about these.
Main ideas developed separately. Each
main thought must stand on its own.
Each must be developed separately.
This does not prevent a brief outline or
summary of the main headings in the
introduction or conclusion of your talk.
But in the body of the talk you should
talk about only one main idea at a time,
allowing only such overlapping or
regressions as may be needed for
connections or emphasis. Learning to
 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
make a topical outline will greatly aid in
determining whether main points are
developed separately.
Sub-points focus on main ideas. Points
of proof, scriptures, or other material
presented should focus attention on the
main idea and amplify it.
In preparation, analyze all secondary
points and keep only what directly
contributes to that main point, either to
clarify, prove or amplify the point.
Anything irrelevant should be
eliminated. It will only confuse the
issue.
Any point related to a main idea should
be directly connected to that thought by
what you say. Do not leave it to the
audience to apply. Make the connection
clear. Say what the connection is. What
is not spoken will generally not be
understood. This can be accomplished
by repeating key words that express the
main thought or by repeating the idea of
the main point from time to time. When
you master the art of focusing all your
sub-points on the main points of the
talk, and tying in each main point with
the theme, your talks will take on a
delightful simplicity that will make them
easy to give and hard to forget.
MAKING AN OUTLINE
Purposive Communication ‖ Apostol & Colilihan.
Semi-Finals
WHEN assigned to deliver a talk, many
laboriously write it out, beginning with
the introduction and working through to
the conclusion. Before the talk is
completed, numerous drafts may have
been prepared. The process may take
hours.
“But it is much easier that way!” People
say. Yes it is easier to not go all through
the effort and just memorize/read the
script during the information talk.
However, it is even more challenging to
have a spontaneous performance if the
delivery is done that way. And we all
want a spontaneous performance in
order to build credibility with our
audience.
In reality, every day we all speak
without a manuscript. We do it in
conversation with family and friends. So
in public speaking, it makes sense that
we should use an outline.
A basic speech outline should include
three main sections:
- The Introduction — This is where you
tell them what you’re going to tell them.
- The Body — This is where you tell them
- The Conclusion - This is where you tell
them what you have told them.
15
 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk

16 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication

 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk
EXTEMPORANEOUS DELIVERY
Extemporaneous speaking is a fancy
way of saying: delivering a well-
prepared speech. Extemporaneous
speaking is not delivering a monologue
or a memorized speech. By applying
yourself to public speaking, you gain
experience in how you interact with
others.
Preparation is the key element in
effective extemporaneous speech,
where it is an informative talk, a
persuasive speech, or other activities
that requires you to face an audience.
Given that you have prepared a good
outline with several main points to be
developed, you can speak
extemporaneously.
The extemporaneous manner of
speaking has several advantages. One
is that it allows for versatility. The
material is not so rigidly set that you
cannot depart from it, as is the case
with reading from a manuscript or
reciting from memory. Last-minute
developments may dictate some
changes in the planned talk. Suppose
you find out just before going to the
platform that the audience contains
unexpected guests. The
extemporaneous method allows you to
make adjustments to help them fully
grasp the arguments. Or perhaps you
note that there are many unexpected
guests who are school-age youths in
the audience. You can adjust your
illustrations and application with a view
to aiding them to appreciate how the
material affects their lives.
A second advantage of
extemporaneous speaking is that it has
the effect of stimulating your mind. It
leaves you measurably free to develop
fresh thoughts. Often, when you
Purposive Communication ‖ Apostol & Colilihan.
Semi-Finals
encounter an appreciative, responsive
audience, you warm up and new ideas
flow into your mind, ideas that can
easily be incorporated in an
extemporaneous speech.
Public speaking students often fall into
the trap of under-preparing and under-
practicing their speeches. This results
in an “Oh, no! I am not prepared and
now I must read this outline word-for-
word and hope for the best.” However,
the best is not achieved and students
engage in this practice are
disappointed when they lose
substantial points from their speech
grade due to lack of preparation,
practice, and reading word-for-word
from an outline. Just don’t do it.
A third advantage of this type of
speech is that it also allows you to
keep your eyes on your listeners. This
improves your communication with
them. The result is that they will likely
give closer attention to what you are
saying. And the listeners will feel that
you know your subject, since you do
not have to keep your eyes on some
written material all the time. Then, too,
you are in position to note the
reactions of the audience. If you see
that their interest is waning, you can
take steps to overcome this difficulty.
Thus, this type of delivery lends itself
to a warm, conversational
presentation, a real heart-to-heart talk.
Before you practice your speech,
review your outline and make sure it
covers the following elements: an
attention-grabbing introduction, a clear
thesis statement, a preview of your
main points, a well-developed body
with supporting evidence, a smooth
transition between point and a
memorable conclusion.
17
 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk

The best way to practice your speech from an outline is to practice out loud, either
alone or with a friend, recorder, or mirror. This will help you get familiar with your
content, tone, pace and delivery. As you practice, use your outline as a guide, but
do not read it word for word. Try to use natural language, gestures, and eye
contact. Focus on the main ideas and key words.

WRITTEN WORKS #1

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: On a ½ sheet of paper, do the following tasks:

I. Developing the Theme

INSTRUCTIONS: Write down the topic and beside it, write down your chosen
theme.

Example:

Topic: Love; Theme: True Love – Steps On How To Find It

II. Chosen Main Points

INSTRUCTIONS: Below your theme, write down your chosen main points.

Example:

Topic: Love; Theme: True Love – Steps On How To Find It

Main Point 1
Main Point 2
Main Point 3

WRITTEN WORKS #2

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS: On a 1 whole sheet of paper, do the following task:

Making an Outline

INSTRUCTIONS: Based on your theme and your chosen main points, prepare your

18 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication

 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk Semi-Finals

outline in preparation for your information talk.

PERFORMANCE TASK

The Information Talk

INSTRUCTIONS: Perform your information talk according to the instructions of

your teacher. Your information talk should be a minimum of 5 minutes or a
maximum of 10 minutes.

Purposive Communication ‖ Apostol & Colilihan. 19

 Module 3 Preparing and Delivering the Information Talk

REFERENCES

How Can I Succeed as a Public Speaker? — Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY. (n.d.).

WOL. https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102003926?q=public+speaking&p=par

Highlighting the Theme and Main Points — Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY. (n.d.).
WOL. https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1101971076?q=theme&p=par

Making an Outline — Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY. (n.d.). WOL.

https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1102001058?q=theme&p=par

Main Points Made to Stand Out — Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY. (n.d.). WOL.
https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1102001108?q=main+points&p=par

20 Apostol and Colilihan‖ ‖ Purposive Communication