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Jitter Lect 03
Jitter Lect 03
Lecture 03
Waveguides
Spring 2020
Jose E. Schutt-Aine
Electrical & Computer Engineering
University of Illinois
jesa@illinois.edu
2 Ey 2 Ey 2 Ey
+ + = - 2 E y
x 2 y 2 z 2
2 Ez 2 Ez 2 Ez
+ + = - 2
Ez
x 2
y 2
z 2
2 Ey 2 Ey
+ = - 2 E y (¥)
x 2
z 2
E y ( x, z ) e j z z Ae j x x Be j x x
Ey ( x, z ) Eo e j z z sin x x
m
x
a
Moreover, from the differential equation (¥), we get the dispersion
relation
z2 x2 2 2
m
2
which leads to z 2
a
z 2
a
m
2
2
a
This leads to the following guidance condition which will
insure wave propagation
m
f
2a
m v 2a
fc c =
2a fc m
xˆ yˆ zˆ
1
we have H
0
j x z
0 Ey 0
which leads to
z
Hx Eoe j z sin x x
z
j x
Hz Eo e j z cos x x
z
The magnetic field for TE modes has 2 components
c
v pz f c2
z f c2 and vg c 1 2
1 2 z f
f
Maxwell’s Equations 2 H + 2 H =0
2 H x 2 H x 2 H x
+ + = - 2
H x
x 2
y 2
z 2
2 H y 2 H y 2 H y
+ + = - 2 H y
x 2 y 2 z 2
2 H z 2 H z 2 H z
+ + = - 2
H z
x 2
y 2
z 2
H y ( x, z ) e j z z Ae j x x Be j x x
xˆ yˆ zˆ
1
we get E
0
j x z
0 Hy 0
This leads to
z j z
Ex ( x, z ) e z
Ae j x Be j x
x x
x j z
E z ( x, z ) e z
Ae j x Be j x
x x
H y ( x, z ) H o e j z z cos x x
z
Ex ( x, z ) H oe j z cos x x
z
j x
E z ( x, z ) H o e j z sin x x
z
m
x
a
This defines the TM modes which have only Hy, Ex and Ez
components.
Re xˆ E x zˆ E z yˆ H *y
1
P
2
1 Ho 2
Ho
2
P Re zˆ z cos x x xˆ j
2
x sin x x cos x x
2
2
Ho
P zˆ z cos 2 x x
2
The total time-average power is found by integrating <P>
over the area of interest.
2 Ey 2 Ey 2 Ey
+ + = - 2 E y
x 2 y 2 z 2
2 Ez 2 Ez 2 Ez
+ + = - 2
Ez
x 2
y 2
z 2
Ex Ez H y
j z Ex j H y (2)
z x t
E y Ex H z E y Ex
j H z (3)
x y t x y
H z H y H z
j Ex j z H y j Ex (4)
y z y
H x H z H z
j E y j z H x j E y (5)
z x x
H y H x
0 (6)
x y
We want to express all quantities in terms of Hz.
j z H z
Hx 2
z 2 x
Ez = 0
Combining solutions for Ex and Ey into (3) gives
2 H z 2 H z
2
2
H z (¥)
x y
2 2 z
2 H z 2 H z
2
2
H z (¥)
x y
2 2 z
j y j y
H z e j z z Ae j x x Be j x x Ce y De y
x j z j x j x
j y j y
Ey 2 e
Ae z
Be x
Ce
x
De y y
z
2
y
Ex e j z z
Ae j x x Be j x x Ce j y y De j y y
2 2
z
j y
Ex H o e j z z cos x x sin y y
z2 2
m
At x=a, Ey=0 which leads to x
a
n
At y=b, Ex=0 which leads to y
b
The general solution for TE modes with Ez=0 is
m n
2 2
2
z 2
(24)
a b
m n
2 2
z
2
(25)
a b
The guidance condition is
m n
2 2
2
(26)
a b
ECE 546 – Jose Schutt‐Aine 28
Guidance Condition
or f > fc where fc is the cutoff frequency of the TEmn mode
given by the relation
2 2
1 m n
fc
2 a b
The TEmn mode will not propagate unless f is greater than fc.
2 Ez 2 Ez
2
2
Ez
x y
2 2 z
Ez e j z z
Ae j x x Be j x x Ce j y y De j y y
m
At x=a, Ez=0 which leads to x
a
n
At y=b, Ez=0 which leads to y
b
Ez Eo e j z z sin x x sin y y
1 m n
2 2
we get fc
2
4 a b
gTE where is th intrinsic impedance
f c2
1 2
f
f c2
gTM 1 2
f
2 Ez 2 Ez
TM Modes
2
2
Ez (2)
x y
2 2 z
r d df 2 2 1 d 2g
r h r (3)
f dr dr g d 2
where h 2 2 2
d 2 f 1 df 2 n 2
2
h 2 f 0 (5)
dr r dr r
Solution of (4) is of the form
g C1 cos n C2 sin n (6)
n 1 n !
2 a f cTMnl
tnl
cTMnl
tnl 2 a
The other field components can be obtained from Ez
tnl
E z Cn J n r cos n e jnl z
a
E
See Reference [1].
H
ECE 546 – Jose Schutt‐Aine 47
Modes in Circular Waveguide
TE11 E
H
2.4049c
f cTM 01
2 a
So that
we get
H
j Er j Ho r j Ero r
z
1 H 1 o H o
H 0 H r 0
r r r r
J n ha Yn hb J n hb Yn ha for TM modes
2 1
c11 a b and f c11
h a b
TM01