CEM

Dependent Variable: TAX_AVOIDANCE

Method: Panel Least Squares
Date: 03/14/24 Time: 11:05
Sample: 2018 2022
Periods included: 5
Cross-sections included: 15
Total panel (balanced) observations: 75

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 0.157175 0.063733 2.466132 0.0161

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP 0.173542 0.133696 1.298033 0.1985
KONSERVATISME_KUNTANS
I -0.324845 0.222735 -1.458435 0.1491
PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALA
N 0.131792 0.068966 1.910965 0.0600

Root MSE 0.174953 R-squared 0.081952

Mean dependent var 0.174588 Adjusted R-squared 0.043161
S.D. dependent var 0.183825 S.E. of regression 0.179814
Akaike info criterion -0.541931 Sum squared resid 2.295645
Schwarz criterion -0.418331 Log likelihood 24.32239
Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.492579 F-statistic 2.112655
Durbin-Watson stat 0.449313 Prob(F-statistic) 0.106237

FEM

Dependent Variable: TAX_AVOIDANCE

Method: Panel Least Squares
Date: 03/14/24 Time: 11:06
Sample: 2018 2022
Periods included: 5
Cross-sections included: 15
Total panel (balanced) observations: 75

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 0.100301 0.083587 1.199963 0.2351

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP 0.019532 0.272012 0.071806 0.9430
KONSERVATISME_KUNTANS
I 0.091081 0.140049 0.650354 0.5181
PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALA
N 0.107505 0.037917 2.835308 0.0063

Effects Specification

Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)

Root MSE 0.071937 R-squared 0.844788

Mean dependent var 0.174588 Adjusted R-squared 0.798497
S.D. dependent var 0.183825 S.E. of regression 0.082517
Akaike info criterion -1.946056 Sum squared resid 0.388118
Schwarz criterion -1.389859 Log likelihood 90.97709
Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.723972 F-statistic 18.24940
Durbin-Watson stat 2.416167 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000
Chou

Redundant Fixed Effects Tests

Equation: Untitled
Test cross-section fixed effects

Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob.

Cross-section F 20.010276 (14,57) 0.0000

Cross-section Chi-square 133.309386 14 0.0000

Cross-section fixed effects test equation:

Dependent Variable: TAX_AVOIDANCE
Method: Panel Least Squares
Date: 03/14/24 Time: 11:06
Sample: 2018 2022
Periods included: 5
Cross-sections included: 15
Total panel (balanced) observations: 75

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 0.157175 0.063733 2.466132 0.0161

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP 0.173542 0.133696 1.298033 0.1985
KONSERVATISME_KUNTANS
I -0.324845 0.222735 -1.458435 0.1491
PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALA
N 0.131792 0.068966 1.910965 0.0600

Root MSE 0.174953 R-squared 0.081952

Mean dependent var 0.174588 Adjusted R-squared 0.043161
S.D. dependent var 0.183825 S.E. of regression 0.179814
Akaike info criterion -0.541931 Sum squared resid 2.295645
Schwarz criterion -0.418331 Log likelihood 24.32239
Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.492579 F-statistic 2.112655
Durbin-Watson stat 0.449313 Prob(F-statistic) 0.106237
REM

Dependent Variable: TAX_AVOIDANCE

Method: Panel EGLS (Cross-section random effects)
Date: 03/14/24 Time: 11:07
Sample: 2018 2022
Periods included: 5
Cross-sections included: 15
Total panel (balanced) observations: 75
Swamy and Arora estimator of component variances

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 0.100321 0.076996 1.302934 0.1968

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP 0.045393 0.192867 0.235359 0.8146
KONSERVATISME_KUNTANSI 0.061757 0.136085 0.453815 0.6513
PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALAN 0.109668 0.037444 2.928819 0.0046

Effects Specification
S.D. Rho

Cross-section random 0.175084 0.8182

Idiosyncratic random 0.082517 0.1818

Weighted Statistics

Root MSE 0.079498 R-squared 0.113181

Mean dependent var 0.036007 Adjusted R-squared 0.075710
S.D. dependent var 0.084988 S.E. of regression 0.081707
Sum squared resid 0.473999 F-statistic 3.020476
Durbin-Watson stat 1.976436 Prob(F-statistic) 0.035314

Unweighted Statistics

R-squared 0.040889 Mean dependent var 0.174588

Sum squared resid 2.398326 Durbin-Watson stat 0.390618

Haustmen

Correlated Random Effects - Hausman Test

Equation: Untitled
Test cross-section random effects

Chi-Sq.
Test Summary Statistic Chi-Sq. d.f. Prob.

Cross-section random 1.612620 3 0.6565

Cross-section random effects test comparisons:

Variable Fixed Random Var(Diff.) Prob.

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP 0.019532 0.045393 0.036793 0.8928

KONSERVATISME_KUNTANS
I 0.091081 0.061757 0.001095 0.3754
PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALA
N 0.107505 0.109668 0.000036 0.7170

Cross-section random effects test equation:

Dependent Variable: TAX_AVOIDANCE
Method: Panel Least Squares
Date: 03/14/24 Time: 11:08
Sample: 2018 2022
Periods included: 5
Cross-sections included: 15
Total panel (balanced) observations: 75

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 0.100301 0.083587 1.199963 0.2351

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP 0.019532 0.272012 0.071806 0.9430
KONSERVATISME_KUNTANS
I 0.091081 0.140049 0.650354 0.5181
PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALA
N 0.107505 0.037917 2.835308 0.0063

Effects Specification

Cross-section fixed (dummy variables)

Root MSE 0.071937 R-squared 0.844788

Mean dependent var 0.174588 Adjusted R-squared 0.798497
S.D. dependent var 0.183825 S.E. of regression 0.082517
Akaike info criterion -1.946056 Sum squared resid 0.388118
Schwarz criterion -1.389859 Log likelihood 90.97709
Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.723972 F-statistic 18.24940
Durbin-Watson stat 2.416167 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000

Largerance

Lagrange Multiplier Tests for Random Effects

Null hypotheses: No effects
Alternative hypotheses: Two-sided (Breusch-Pagan) and one-sided
(all others) alternatives

Test Hypothesis
Cross-section Time Both

Breusch-Pagan 85.01157 1.635134 86.64670

(0.0000) (0.2010) (0.0000)

Honda 9.220172 -1.278724 5.615452

(0.0000) (0.8995) (0.0000)

King-Wu 9.220172 -1.278724 3.218703

 (0.0000) (0.8995) (0.0006)

Standardized Honda 10.28702 -1.090234 3.155700

(0.0000) (0.8622) (0.0008)

Standardized King-Wu 10.28702 -1.090234 0.859063

(0.0000) (0.8622) (0.1952)

Gourieroux, et al. -- -- 85.01157

(0.0000)

Hetero

Panel Period Heteroskedasticity LR Test

Equation: UNTITLED
Specification: TAX_AVOIDANCE C INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP
KONSERVATISME_KUNTANSI PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALAN
Null hypothesis: Residuals are homoskedastic

Value df Probability
Likelihood ratio 2.111597 15 1.0000

LR test summary:
Value df
Restricted LogL 24.32239 71
Unrestricted LogL 25.37819 71

Unrestricted Test Equation:

Dependent Variable: TAX_AVOIDANCE
Method: Panel EGLS (Period weights)
Date: 03/14/24 Time: 11:37
Sample: 2018 2022
Periods included: 5
Cross-sections included: 15
Total panel (balanced) observations: 75
Iterate weights to convergence
Convergence achieved after 5 weight iterations
 Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

C 0.169928 0.062907 2.701243 0.0086

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP 0.200506 0.130518 1.536234 0.1289
KONSERVATISME_KUNTANS
I -0.396445 0.217725 -1.820850 0.0728
PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALA
N 0.118081 0.069660 1.695106 0.0944

Weighted Statistics

Root MSE 0.175194 R-squared 0.093037

Mean dependent var 0.176512 Adjusted R-squared 0.054714
S.D. dependent var 0.184631 S.E. of regression 0.180061
Akaike info criterion -0.570085 Sum squared resid 2.301972
Schwarz criterion -0.446486 Log likelihood 25.37819
Hannan-Quinn criter. -0.520733 F-statistic 2.427742
Durbin-Watson stat 0.466812 Prob(F-statistic) 0.072488

Unweighted Statistics

R-squared 0.079421 Mean dependent var 0.174588

Sum squared resid 2.301974 Durbin-Watson stat 0.460863

Multikol

INTENSITAS_ASET_TETAP KONSERVATISME_KUNTANSI PERTUMBUHAN_PENJUALAN

INTENSITAS_ASET_
TETAP 1 0.4341880735418552 -0.01308417401183699
KONSERVATISME_
KUNTANSI 0.4341880735418552 1 -0.01380994720984118
PERTUMBUHAN_PE
NJUALAN -0.01308417401183699 -0.01380994720984118 1

Deskriptif

KONSERVATI PERTUMBUH
TAX_AVOIDA INTENSITAS_ SME_KUNTA AN_PENJUAL
NCE ASET_TETAP NSI AN
Mean 0.061892 0.093751 0.058177 0.064968
Median 0.011000 0.061300 0.050100 0.032000
Maximum 0.668900 0.650000 0.262900 1.557600
Minimum 0.000100 0.002100 -0.225700 -0.795900
Std. Dev. 0.129348 0.147597 0.077495 0.373546
Skewness 3.031631 2.951958 -0.259508 1.618337
Kurtosis 12.10516 10.85877 5.348121 8.283450

Jarque-Bera 373.9596 301.9267 18.07204 119.9716

Probability 0.000000 0.000000 0.000119 0.000000

Sum 4.641900 7.031300 4.363300 4.872600

Sum Sq. Dev. 1.238080 1.612070 0.444401 10.32570

Observations 75 75 75 75