ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES

1. (a  b)2  a 2  2ab  b2
2. (a  b)2  a 2  2ab  b2
3. (a  b)2  (a  b)2  2(a 2  b2 )
4. (a  b)2  (a  b)2  4ab
5. (a  b)2  (a  b)2  4ab
6. (a  b)2  (a  b)2  4ab
7. a 2  b2  (a  b)2  2ab
8. (a  b)(a  b)  a 2  b2
9. (a  b  c)2  a 2  b2  c 2  2ab  2bc  2ca
(OR)
(a  b  c)2  a 2  b2  c2  2(ab  bc  ca )
10. (a  b)3  a 3  3a 2b  3ab2  b3
(OR)
(a  b)3  a 3  b3  3ab(a  b)
11. (a  b)3  a 3  3a 2b  3ab2  b3
(OR)
(a  b)3  a 3  b3  3ab(a  b)
12. a 3  b3  (a  b)(a 2  ab  b2 )
(OR)
a 3  b3  (a  b)3  3ab(a  b)
13. a 3  b3  (a  b)(a 2  ab  b2 )
(OR)
a 3  b3  (a  b)3  3ab(a  b)
14. (a  b  c)(a 2  b2  c2  ab  bc  ca )  a 3  b3  c3  3abc
15. If a  b  c  0 then a 3  b3  c 3  3abc
16. ( x  a )( x  b)  x 2  (a  b) x  ab
17. ( x  a )( x  b)( x  c)  x 3  (a  b  c) x 2  (ab  bc  ca ) x  abc

LAWS OF EXPONENTS (INDICES)

1. a m .a n  a m n (OR) a m n  a m .a n
2. (a m )n  a m.n (OR) a m.n  (a m )n
3. a m .bm  (a.b)m (OR) (a.b)m  a m .bm
m m
am  a  a am
4.    (OR)   
bm  b  b bm
am
5. n
 a m n , if m  n
a
am
 1 , if m  n
an
 am 1
n
 n m , if n  m
a a
6. a  1
0

1 1
7. a  n  n ,  an
a a n
1 n n
a b a b
8.    ,    
b a b a
9. If a m  a n then m  n
10. If a m  b m then either a  b or m  0
11.  1   ve
evennumber

12.  1   ve
oddnumber

LAWS OF RADICALS ( SURDS)

1
1. n
a a n

2. n
a . n b  n a.b
n
a na
3. n

b b

 a
n
4. n
an  n
a
p
5. n
a a
p n

6. m n
a  n m
a  mn a
7. RF of n
a p  n a n p
1 1 2 1 2
8. RF of a 3  b 3 is a 3   ab  3  b 3
1 1 2 1 2
9. RF of a  b is a   ab   b
3 3 3 3 3

1 1 2 2
10. RF of a 3  a 3 is a 3  1  a 3
1 1 2 2
11. RF of a  a 3 3
is a  1  a
3 3

12. a  2 b   x  y  2 x. y  x  y , Where a   x  y  and b  x. y

13. a  2 b   x  y  2 x. y  x  y , Where a   x  y  and b  x. y

14. a  2 b  2 c  2 d  x  y  z , Where a   x  y  z  , b  x. y ,
c  y. z and d  z. x

15. a a a a........  a
1  1  4a
16. a  a  a  a........ 
2
1
1
2n
17. a a a a........ntimes  a