1.

In presbyopia, one would need which type of lens to make up for the lost
converging power of the human lens?

Cylindrical lens

Converging (positive) lens

Diverging (negative) lens

Prisms

2.Orbital apex is the site of origin of all the extraocular muscles EXCEPT

Inferior rectus

Superior Oblique

Inferior oblique ans

Superior rectus

3.True about Hyperopia EXCEPT

Eyeball longer than average

Farsighted

Corneal curvature flatter than average

Eyeball shorter than average

4.A lesion of the optic chiasm would most likely present with which kind of visual field
defects?

Left homonymous hemianopia

Binasal hemianopia

Bitemporal hemianopia

Left superior homonymous quadrantanopia

5.When light projected is identified in two quadrants

Good LPj

Fair LPj
 Poor LPj

NLPj

6.In Distance Visual Acuity testing, which is the wrong step in the following:

Identify the last line the patient could read

Occlude both eyes at the same time

Position the patient 20 feet away from the chart

Use a pinhole when vision is less than 20/20

7.Ocular secretion characteristic of an allergic conjunctivitis

Mucoid discharge

Crusting on lashes

Mucopurulent discharge

Purulent discharge

8.True in Consensual Pupillary reaction EXCEPT

Constriction is a normal reaction where the light is directed.

Observe the eye where the light is being directed

Dilation is not a normal pupillary response

No exceptions, all are correct

9.To protect the eye and maintain the shape of the eyeball is a function of:

Sclera

Conjunctiva

Ciliary body

Limbus

10.True of the function of Aqueous

Maintains pressure pf the eye

All of the above

 Bathes the lens of the eye

Nourish the lens of the eye

11. Part of the eye that comprises the posterior portion of the uveal tract.

Iris

Optic disc

Retina

Choroid

12. Location of eye pain that is due to corneal abrasion and corneal foreign body.

Non-specific

Retrobulbar

Periocular

Ocular

13. How is hyperopia corrected?

Plano lenses

Concave lenses

Cylindrical lenses

Convex lenses

14. Unit of measurement of Lens Power

Diopter

Cylinder

Index

Sphere

15. True of refraction EXCEPT

As light passes through a transparent media, it slows down depending on the density of
the media.

Comprises only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum of energy

 Transmission and bending of the direction of travel of light rays

Index of refraction is its relative unit of measurement´

16. Decrease in aqueous production can best be achieved by destruction of which

part of the eye?

Iris

Pars plicata

Pars plana

Choroid

17. How is Astigmatism corrected?

Cylindrical lenses

Convex lenses

Concave lenses

Plano lenses

18. Glare may result from the following EXCEPT

Lesions involving the macula

Excessive pupillary dilatation

Uncorrected EOR

Hazy ocular media

19. What is the condition where the visual image falls at a point behind the retina?

Myopia

Emmetropia

Presbyopia

Hyperopia

20. All of these are true about Lens EXCEPT

Transparent
 Biconcave

Avascular

Located posterior to the iris

21. A central depression in the surface of the disc

Physiologic cup

Macula

Umbo

Ocular fundus

22. Ocular adnexa EXCEPT

Lid retractors

Orbital septum

Episclera

Eyelids

23. The cornea gets its nutrition from the following EXCEPT

Conjunctiva

Aqueous

Vessel of the limbus

Tears

24. What is the condition were the visual image falls on a point in front of the retina?

Hyperopia

Emmetropia

Myopia

Presbyopia

25. Often used as a yardstick of ocular fundus

Optic nerve
 Physiologic cup

Optic cup

Optic disc

26. Outward turning of the eye

Esotropia

Hypertropia

Hypotropia

Exotropia

27. Identify the visual symptom.

Myokymia

Oscillopsia

Flashes

Diplopia

28. Layers of Cornea (Internal to External)

Endothelium->Bowman’s membrane->Stroma->Descemets membrane->Epithelium

Epithelium-> Bowman’s membrane->Stroma->Descemets membrane->Endothelium

Epithelium-> Descemets membrane->Stroma->Bowman’s membrane ->Endothelium

 Endothelium-> Descemets membrane->Stroma->Bowman’s membrane->Epithelium

29 The volume of orbital cavity in adults is

25ml

40ml

30ml

45ml

30. The Inferior oblique:

Passes over the Inferior rectus

Moves the eye down and in

Passes through the trochlea

Attached on the lower temporal side

31 TRUE of Error of Refraction EXCEPT

The vision improves when the patient looks through the pinhole

May have better vision when they squint their eyes

Most typically present with abnormal intraocular pressures

Majority exhibit full movement on all directions of gaze.

32 Manifest as irregular patters of dimness, wavy or jagged lines.

Glare

Photophobia

Scotoma

Visual distortion

33 The function of the choroid EXCEPT

Posterior portion of uveal tract

 Nourished inner portion of retina

Nourishes outer portion of retina

In between retina and sclera

34 A total loss of color GREEN?

Deuteronamalous

Deuteranopes

Protanomalous

Protanopes

35 Which among the ciliary muscles function to contract and relax the zonular fibers
to alter the lens capsule?

Longtitudinal fibers

Circular fibers

Radial fibers

Transverse fibers

36 If the vertical meridian of the cornea is steepest

Neutral astigmatism

Natural astigmatism

With the rule astigmatism

Against the rule astigmatism

37 What is the absence of an error of refraction?

Myopia

Presbyopia

Hyperopia

Emmetropia

38 Which bone is NOT part of the Orbit?

 Maxillary

Zygomatic

Temporal

Palatine

39 There is total loss of one color pigment

Cone Monochromats

Dichromats

Monochromats

Rod monochromats

40 Which of the following structures accounts for the highest refractive component of
the human eye?

vitreous

lens

cornea

aqueous

41 True of with the rule astigmatism EXCEPT

Correcting plus cylinder is located at or near axis 90°

Horizontal meridian is steepest

Vertical meridian is steepest

Corrected by a cylinder

42 The normal retinal background is a uniform of

brown red color

Red-orange color

Yellow orange color

Red yellow color

43 Proper distance when you test for near visual acuity

 35cm

30cm

25cm

40cm

44 Normal IOP range

10 to 21 mmHg

7-14 mmHg

16-20 mmHg

5-18 mmHg

45 When the EOM movement is tested with both eyes open, this is referred to as

Pinhole test

Duction test

Torsion test

Version test

46 The following structures must maintain their clarity in order good vision EXCEPT

Cornea

Aqueous

Choroid

Vitreous

47 Which is not part of the lacrimal complex?

Caruncle

Lacrimal Canaliculi

Lacrimal Puncta

Glands of Krause and wolfring

48 Which of the following lesions would most likely give rise to a left superior
homonymous quadrantanopia?
 the left parietal lobe

left temporal lobe

right temporal lobe

right parietal lobe

49 Identify the visual symptom.

Visual floaters

Scotoma

Visual distortion

Glare

50 A relative deficiency of Color RED?

Protanopes

Protanomalous

Deuteronamalous

Deuteranopes

51 Inward turning of the eye

Hypertropia

Exotropia

Hypotropia

Esotropia

52 The following are characteristics of the Direct Ophthalmoscope EXCEPT

Provides a larger image than the indirect ophthalomoscope

 Provides an upright image of the retina

It gives the examiner a better view of the peripheral retinal

None of the above

53 What is the venous drainage of the Choroid?

Lacrimal veins

Central retinal vein

Vortex veins

Pterygoid plexus

54 True of Astigmatism EXCEPT

Corrected using lenses each with power in two different meridians/axes

Corrected using a cylindrical lenses

Condition wherein the curvature of the cornea or of the lens is same in different meridians

Parallel light rays focus on 2 separate lines or planes

55 Tenon’s capsule also known as fascia bulbi or bulbar sheath, it functions as

Functions as an extraocular muscle pulley

Protects, supports, and maximizes the function of the eye

Distributing the tear film as a thin layer that forms an optimal refractive interface with every
blink

Secrete tear fluid onto the eye, distributes it over the surface of the eye

56 Describes a convergent lens EXCEPT

Pulls frontward the image unto the retina

Biconvex lens

Positive Lens

Focuses parallel light rays on a toric plane

57 How is myopia corrected?

Concave/diffractive lenses
 Plano lenses

Cylindrical lenses

Convex lenses

58 Location of normal macula in relation to the disc

Temporal

Inferior

Nasal

Superior

59 Focus of light rays from infinity on the retina

Myopic eye

Emmetropic eye

Presbyopic eye

Hyperopic eye

60 Which is true of Positive Lens

Two prisms joined at the base

Diverging lens

Two prsims joined at the apex

Biconcave lens

61Rhodopsin is formed by the combination of which molecules?

Beta-carotene and vit a alcohol

Opsin and beta-carotene

Cis-retinal isomer and opsin

Lumirhodopsin and metarhodopsin

62 Ductions are

When both eyes move in the same direction

Binocular eye movements

 Monocular eye movements

Conjugate eye movements

63 Drooping of the eyelids

Ptosis

Exophthalmos

Pterygium

Esotropia

64 Location of eye pain that is due to fatigue from ocular accommodation

Ocular

Periocular

Non-specific

Retrobulbar

65 TRUE of Macula EXCEPT

Specialized retinal pigment epithelial cells of the macula that are taller and more heavily
pigmented.

Fovea produce a light reflection known as the foveal reflex.

Appear darker than the surrounding retina

The central depression of the fovea may act as a concave mirror

66 True of the Corneal endothelium EXCEPT

Single layer of cells

Responsible for maintaining moisture of the cornea

Failure of function leads to edema

All are True

67 Which is NOT part of a normal funduscopic examination results

Clear media

Cup:disc ratio 2:3

 Widened median light reflex

Absent Arteriovenous (AV) crossing defects

68 What is the condition where image in one axis falls in front of or behind the
retina?

Emmetropia

Astigmatism

Hyperopia

Myopia

69 Transparency of Cornea is attributed to the following EXCEPT

Avascularity

Deturgescence

Senescence

Uniform structure

70 Which type of astigmatism has both images focused at the back of the retina?

Simple hyperopic

Compound hyperopic

Compound myopic

Simple myopic

71. Identify the visual symptom.

 Oscillopsia

Diplopia

Myokymia

Flashes

72. Main portal of all nerves and vessels to the eye

Orbital septum

Eye ball

Orbital apex

Orbital cavity

73. True of Keratometry EXCEPT

Measure amount of astigmatism

Check the type of astigmatism

Measures peripheral corneal curvature

Used in fitting contact lenses

74. Three main anatomic features of Anterior chamber angle EXCEPT

Schwalbe’s line

Scleral spur

Trabecular meshwork

Zonular fibers
75.All of these are TRUE about Vitreous EXCEPT

Composed of 99% water

Avascular

Comprise 1/3 volume and weight of the eye

Clear, Gel-like

76. Location of eye pain that is due to orbital inflammation or Optic neuritis.

Retrobulbar

Periocular

Non-specific

Ocular

77. An EOR when corneal curvature is steeper than average

Refractive hyperopia

Refractive presbyopia

Refractive emmetropia

Refractive myopia

78. When light projected is identified in three quadrants

Fair LPj

Good LPj

NLPj

Poor LPj

79. Aqueous is mainly produced by

Trabecular meshwork

Schlemm’s canal

Ciliary epithelum

Scleral spur
80.What structure in the Cornea maintains corneal clarity?

Endothelium

Epithelium

Descemet’s Membrane

Stroma

81. What is the loss of accommodation due to aging?

Hyperopia

Emmetropia

Myopia

Astigmatism

Presbyopia

82. Most central portion of the retina

Foveola

Uvea

Macula

Fovea

83. Which muscles is an abductor?

Medial rectus

Inferior rectus

Superior rectus

Lateral rectus

84. The Orbital septum functions as

Transmits sensory information for vision in the form of electrical impulses from the eye to
the brain.

Responsible for opening the eyelids

Bony structures of the skull that protects, supports, and maximizes the function of the eye
 Supports the globe and periorbital structures and keeps them from protrusion

85, All are an ancillary exam/tests Error of Refraction EXCEPT

Tonometry

Corneal topography

Biometry

Keratometry

86. The levator palpebrae is innervated by what nerve

VII

IV

III

87. Cornea gets its nutrition from EXCEPT

Aqueous

Vitreous

Vessel of the limbus

Tears

88.Gold standard in measuring Intraocular pressure

Schiotz tonometer

Goldmann applanation tonometer

Tonometer pen

Digital tonometer

89.Presenting symptom of Myopia

Color aberration

Blurred vision on near

Scotoma
 Blurred vision on far

90.Blindness in one-half of the visual field.

Hemiplegia

Arcuate Scotoma

Central scotoma

Hemianopsia

91.All of these are a functions of the retina EXCEPT

Convert light into neural signals

Sends signals to the brain for visual recognition

Single layer sheet of neural tissue that lines inner wall of the eye

Receive light that lens focused

92.During inspection, when the white of sclera can be seen all around the Iris, this
could be due to

a. Exophthalmos

b. Lid retraction

c. None of the above

d. A and B

93.Which condition is described as having total loss of red color?

Deuteranomaly

Protanomaly

Deuteranope

Protanope

94Protrusion of the eyeball

Pterygium

Ptosis
 Exophthalmos

Esotropia

95.Tonometry is the measurement of

Aqueous drainage

Intraocular eye pressure

Anterior segment volume

Posterior chamber volume

96.Which is not a layer of the eyelid ?

Tarsus

Orbicularis muscle

Tenon’s capsule

Conjunctiva

97.True of Lid margin EXCEPT

Located at the edge of the eyelid

Function as a reservoir to prevent tears evaporation

Is the juncture of conjunctiva and sclera

Site of orifice of Meibomian glands

98.Location of eyem pain that is due to tenderness of the lid and Sinus inflammation

Retrobulbar

Periocular

Ocular

Non-specific

99.In the visible spectrum, which of the following colors has the shortest
wavelength?

blue
 orange

red. Ppt ma violet xa

green

100.Which is NOT a layer of the retina

Ganglion cell layer

Nerve fiber layer

Scleral layer

Photoreceptor layer