WRITING - MAP: LANGUAGE FOR MAP

A. NGÔN NGỮ CHỈ PHƯƠNG HƯỚNG/VỊ TRÍ

1. IN/TO + THE + DIRECTION

- In the southwest, there is a small residential area.
- To the north of the river
- There was an airport to the south of the supermarket.
- In the north of the town/map/….
 2. IN + THE + DIRECTION + ERN + N
- The hospital was located in the northeastern corner/part of the map
- In the northwestern corner/area of the map

3. IS LOCATED/IS SITUATED
- The factory is situated in the south of the town.
- In the center of the town, there are …
- On the bank of the river
- On the coast (sea/ocean)

B. NGÔN NGỮ CHỈ SỰ XÂY MỚI, PHÁ BỎ

WAS BUILT, WAS CONSTRUCTED, WAS ESTABLISHED, WAS REPLACED, WAS

DESTROYED, WAS KNOCKED DOWN, WAS EXTENDED, WAS RENOVATED…

- The school was knocked down/was destroyed/was demolished

- All the trees were chopped down/cut down
- The buildings were built/constructed/erected
- There was a construction of the new building
- A new building was built on the site where a post office used to be.

C. NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ SỰ THAY THẾ

WAS REPLACED, WAS CONVERTED, WAS TRANSFORMERD INTO…
- The building was converted into/transformed into a post office
- The building was replaced by a post office

D. NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ SỰ MỞ RỘNG, KÉO DÀI, THU NHỎ

WAS EXPANDED, WAS EXTENDED, WAS WIDENED, WAS LENGTHENED, WAS
NARROWED, WAS SHORTENED…
- The river was lengthened to the north
- The car park was expanded to the left
- The railway was shortened in 2000

E. NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ SỰ DI CHUYỂN

WAS MOVED, WAS RELOCATED
- The building was relocated to the northwestern part of the town.

F. NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ SỰ ĐỨNG YÊN/KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI GÌ

- The sweet shop and shopping mall remained unchanged.
- No changes will be made to the ….
 (1) Houses -> blocks of flats + small extension of flats (north)
(2) Cafe and park -> hotel & golf
(3) To the southeastern part of the map, shops -> supermarket & theatre: upgraded cinema,
respectively

(1) School & Library: remained unchanged

(2) Playing fields with trees -> blocks of flats; in front of: hospital -> expanded/enlarged
(3) Bank ->restaurant & trees -> technopark

Introduction:
Illustrate = represent = describe = give information about = show
From 1990 to 2012 = between 1990 and 2012 = over the period of 22 years = over a 22-year
period

Overview:
(1): Frenton: more developed with far more entertainment and residential areas
(2): fewer greeneries, fewer trees, less natural beauty
Chữa:
The given pictures represent changes in Frenton between 1990 and 2012.

The given pictures describe the changes occurred in the town of Frenton over a 22-year period.

The two maps show the layout of the town named/called Frenton and its projected design over a
22-year period/between 1990 and 2012.

Overall, Frenton in 2012 has more developed with entertainment and residential areas. However,
there were fewer greeneries than before/it used to be in 1990.

Overall, it is clear that in 2012, Frenton became more developed with new blocks of flats
(providing an extension of residential areas) and far more places for living, entertainment, and
shopping. However, there was less natural beauty in 2012 than it used to be in 1990.

Became developed with sth: trở nên phát triển hơn với gì…

Bài mẫu:
The given pictures describe the changes occurred in the town of Frenton over a 22-year
period.
Overall, it is clear that in 2012, Frenton became more developed with new blocks of flats
and far more places for living, entertainment, and shopping. However, there was less natural
beauty in 2012 than it used to be in 1990.
Over the same period, to the eastern part of the map, constructions of houses were
converted into blocks of flats with an extra expansion of flats on the northwestern corner of the
buildings. Besides the apartments was a café and park, which would later be rebuilt into a hotel
and golf course in 2012. At the bottom right of the town, the theatre and some shops were
upgraded into a cinema and a brand-new supermarket respectively.
From 1990 to 2012, the school and the library on the other side of the High Street
remained unchanged. In the north of the town, the playing fields with trees were demolished to
give way for new blocks of flats whereas the hospital located right below the playing fields was
expanded. To the west of the hospital, a bank was knocked down to give space for a new
restaurant to be built. By 2012, a new technopark in the southwest of the town had been built on
the site where the trees used to be in 1990.
Some people think that all lawbreakers should be put into prison, while others believe that
there are better alternatives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

CRIME

Deter crime = prevent crime

Commit a crime, break a law

Prison system

Overcrowded, underfunded, poor living conditions -> riots, violence -> lead to an increase in
crime rates

Rehabilitation

Vocational schools -> underage

Humane policy

Human rights

Depends on criminals’ behaviour

Affects society on the whole, the economy, education, military

juvenile crimes = youth crimes = crimes among young adults

crime prevention programmes

to receive prison sentences = to be sent to prison

petty crime

minor crimes such as shoplifting or pickpocketing

serious crimes such as robbery or murder

criminals = offenders = lawbreakers = people who commit crimes