Figure 1.19 Connections to foundations.

For some structures it is vital to ensure that holding down

bolts are capable of providing proper anchorage
arrangement to prevent uplift under critical load
conditions. An example is a water tower where uplift can
occur at foundation level when the tank is empty under
wind loading although the main design conditions for the
tower members are when the tank is full.

1.7 Welding

1.7.1 Weld Types

There are two main types of weld: butt weld and fillet
weld. A butt weld (or groove weld) is defined as one in
which the metal lies substantially within the planes of the
surfaces of the parts joined. It is able (if specified as a full
penetration butt weld) to develop the strength of the parent
material each side of the joint. A partial penetration butt
weld achieves a specified depth of penetration only, where
full strength of the incoming element does not need to be
developed, and is regarded as a fillet weld in calculations

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