Short Answer Type Questions – II

Q.1. Give condition for no work?

Ans. In physics no work is said to be done, if
(a) The applied force (F) is zero. A body moving with uniform velocity on a smooth surface has
some displacement but no external force so in the case work done is zero.
(b) The displacement (S) is zero. A labourer standing with a load on his head doe no work.
(c)The angle between force and displacement (θ) is 𝜋/2 rad or 90o. Then cos θ = cos 90o = 0.
Thus work done is also zero. In circular motion, instantaneous work done is always zero
because of this reason.
(d) The change in kinetic energy (∆KE) is zero.
Q.2. Prove that instantaneous power is given by the dot product of force and velocity,
⃗ = 𝐅. 𝒗
𝒊. 𝒆., 𝐏 ⃗.
Ans. Suppose, ∆W be the amount of work done in a small time interval ∆𝑡, when P𝑎𝑣 be the
average power, then
∆𝑊
P𝑎𝑣 = …(i)
∆𝑡

When P be the instantaneous power, then by def.

𝐿𝑡
P= P
∆𝑡 → 0 𝑎𝑣
𝐿𝑡 ∆𝑊
=
∆𝑡 → 0 ∆𝑡
𝑑𝑊 𝑑
or P= 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑡 (W) …(ii)

Now ⃗ .s
W=F …(iii)
where, F = constant force producing a displacement
∴ From equations (ii) and (iii),
𝑑
⃗ . s)
P = 𝑑𝑡 (F

⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑𝑠
= ⃗F. 𝑑𝑡 = ⃗F. 𝑣

Q.3. What is coefficient of restitution? Give its values for elastic collision, inelastic
collision and perfectly inelastic collisions.
Ans. The ratio of relative velocity of separation after collision to the relative velocity of approach
before collision.
Coefficient of restitution,
𝑣2−𝑣1
𝑖. 𝑒., 𝑒=
𝑢1 −𝑢2
where 𝑢1 and 𝑢2 are initial velocities of the two colliding bodies and 𝑣1 , 𝑣2 are their final
velocities after collision.
(i) For elastic collision, velocity of separation is equal to the velocity of approach.
∴ 𝑒=1
(ii) For inelastic collision, velocity of separation is not zero but always less than the velocity of
approach.
∴ 0<𝑒<1
(iii) For perfectly inelastic collision, the colliding bodies stick to each other and move with same
velocity.

𝑒=0
Q.4. State and derive work-energy relationship.
OR
Derive a relationship between kinetic energy and work.
Ans. it states that change in kinetic energy of a body is equal to work done and vice versa. Let a
constant force ⃗F be applied to a body moving with initial velocity 𝑢
⃗ , so that its velocity becomes
𝑣 along the direction of force when S is its displacement. Using Newton’s second law of motion
we get magnitude of force F = ma and from equation of motion, we get 𝑣 2 − 𝑢2 = 2as, where a
is the acceleration of the body.
Multiplying both sides by m/2, we get
1 1
2
𝑚𝑣2− 2 𝑚𝑢2 = maS
1 1
i.e., 𝑚𝑣2− 𝑚𝑢2 = FS = W
2 2

i.e., K.E.(f) is final kinetic energy and K.E.(i) is initial kinetic energy.

Thus work done on a body by a net force is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body.
Q.5. A body of mass 𝒎 is released in vacuum from the position A at a height H above the
ground. Prove that sum of kinetic and potential energies at A, B and C remains constant.

OR
Prove the principle of conservation of energy.
Ans. Let a body of mass m be droped from a point A at a height H.
P.E. at A = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
K.E. = 0

Total energy at A = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

As it reaches B, it would have lost some P.E. and gained K.E.

Velocity on reaching B = √2𝑔ℎ

P.E. at B = 𝑚𝑔(H – 𝑥)
1
K.E. = 2 𝑚𝑣B2

= 𝑚𝑔𝑥
Total energy at B = 𝑚𝑔(H – 𝑥) + 𝑚𝑔𝑥 = 𝑚𝑔H

On reaching the ground C the mass must have gained a velocity √2𝑔𝐻 and the P.E. must be
zero.
P.E. at C = 0
1
K.E. at C = 2 𝑚𝑣𝐶2
1
= 2 𝑚(2𝑔𝐻)

= 𝑚𝑔𝐻
Total energy at C = 𝑚𝑔𝐻
Thus it is proved that the total energy at any point in its path is mgH.
Q.6. A block initially at rest breaks into two paths of masses in the ratio 2 : 3. The velocity
of smaller part is (8𝒊̂ + 6𝒋̂) m/s. Find the velocity of bigger part.
Ans. Let mass of the block = 𝑚
2 3
After breaking, 𝑚1 = 5 𝑚 and 𝑚2 = 5 𝑚

Linear momentum = 𝑚1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑣1 + 𝑚2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣2
According to law of conservation of momentum
𝑝𝑓 = 𝑝𝑖

or 𝑚1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣1 + 𝑚2 ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑣2 = 0
𝑣1 = velocity of smaller part,
⃗⃗⃗⃗
 𝑣2 = velocity of bigger part
⃗⃗⃗⃗
2 3
or 5
𝑚(8𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂) + 5 𝑚(𝑣
⃗⃗⃗⃗2 ) = 0
3 1
or ⃗⃗⃗⃗2 = − 𝑚(16𝑖̂ + 12𝑗̂)
𝑚𝑣
5 5

16
𝑣2 = − ( 3 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂)
⃗⃗⃗⃗

Q.7. Give two points of difference between elastic and inelastic collisions. Two balls A
and B with A in motion initially and B at rest. Find their velocities after assume collision
is elastic. Each ball is off mass ‘m’.

Ans.
S.No. Elastic collisions Inelastic collisions
(i) K.E. is conserved K.E. is not conserved.
(ii) Forces involved must be Some or all forces involved may be non-
conservative. conservative.

Mass of ball A and B = 𝑚

Initial velocity of ball A = 𝑢1 = 𝑣
Initial velocity of ball B = 𝑢2 = 0
Final velocity of ball A = 𝑣1 and of ball B = 𝑣2
According to conservation of momentum
𝑚𝑣 + 𝑚2 (0) = 𝑚𝑣1 + 𝑚𝑣2
𝑚𝑣 = 𝑚𝑣1 + 𝑚𝑣2 …(i)
Conservation of K.E.
1 1 1
2
𝑚𝑣2 = 2 𝑚𝑣12 + 2 𝑚𝑣22

𝑚𝑣2= 𝑚𝑣12 + 𝑚𝑣22

𝑚(𝑣 2 − 𝑣12 ) = 𝑚𝑣22

From (i) 𝑚(𝑣 − 𝑣1 ) = 𝑚𝑣2 …(ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by (i),
𝑚(𝑣+𝑣1 )(𝑣−𝑣1 ) 𝑚𝑣 2
𝑚(𝑣−𝑣1)
= 𝑚𝑣2
2

or 𝑣2 = 𝑣 + 𝑣1
Substituting in (i)
𝑚𝑣 = 𝑚𝑣1 + 𝑚 (𝑣 + 𝑣1 )

or 𝑣1 = 0
Similarly solving 𝑣2 = 𝑣
𝑖. 𝑒., Ball A stops and ball B starts moving with velocity 𝑣, 𝑖. 𝑒., they exchange their velocities on
collision.
Q.8. Prove work energy theorem for a variable force.
Ans. Using the relation for kinetic energy,
1
K.E. = 2 𝑚𝑣2

We get rate of change of K.E. with respect to time as

𝑑 𝑑 1
(K. E. ) = [ 𝑚𝑣 2 ]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2

1 𝑑𝑣 𝑚𝑑𝑣
= 𝑚. 2 = 𝑣
2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑚𝑑𝑣
But = 𝑚𝑎 = F
𝑑𝑡

Where a is acceleration and F is force.

𝑑 𝑑𝑥
∴ K. E. = F𝑣 = F
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

or 𝑑(K. E. ) = F𝑑𝑥
integrating between the initial and final energies, i.e., K.E.𝑖 and K.E.𝑓 and also position, i.e., x𝑖
and x𝑓 respectively we get, we get
K.E. . 𝑥
∫K.E. 𝑓. 𝑑. K. E. = ∫𝑥 𝑓 F𝑑𝑥
𝑖 𝑖

∴ K.E.(𝑓) −K.E.(𝑖) = W

The work energy theorem is thus verified.

Q.9. A light body and a heavy body have same linear momentum. Which one has greater
K.E.?
Ans. Here, 𝑝𝑖 = 𝑝𝑧 , 𝑚1 𝑣1 = 𝑚2 𝑣2
𝑣2 𝑚
∴ 𝑣1
= 𝑚1 …(i)
2

1
As E2 = 𝑚2 𝑣22
2
1
and E1 = 2 𝑚1 𝑣12
 1
E2 𝑚 𝑣2
2 2 2
∴ = 1
E1 𝑚 𝑣2
2 1 1

𝑚2 𝑣2 2
= ( )
𝑚1 𝑣1

E2 𝑚 𝑚 2
using (i) E1
= 𝑚2 × ( 𝑚1 )
1 2

If 𝑚1 < 𝑚2 , E2 < E1
or E1 > E2
𝑖. 𝑒., lighter body has more K.E.
Q.9. Find expression for final velocities when two bodies of same mass 𝒎 have head on
collision when moving in opposite direction with equal speeds. Assuming the collision to
be elastic.
Ans. Head on collision : When a body moving in a straight line collides with another body
moving in the same straight line, the collision is called head-on collision.
(𝑚1−𝑚2)𝑢1 +2𝑚2𝑢2
Here 𝑣1 =
𝑚1 +𝑚2

(𝑚−𝑚)𝑣+2𝑚(−𝑣)
=
𝑚+𝑚

0−2𝑚𝑣
= 2𝑚

i.e., 𝑣1 = −𝑣
(𝑚2−𝑚1)𝑢2 +2𝑚1𝑢1
Similarly, 𝑣2 =
𝑚1 +𝑚2

(𝑚−𝑚)(−𝑣)+2𝑚𝑣
= 𝑚+𝑚

0+2𝑚𝑣
= 2𝑚

i.e. 𝑣2 = 𝑣
After collision the bodies bounce back with same initial speed, i.e., v.
Q.10. An engine draws a train up an incline of 1 in 100 at the rate of 36 kmh -1. If the
resistance due to friction is 5 kg wt per ton, find out the power of the engine. Mass of
train and engine is 100 metric ton.

Ans. Given : 𝑚 = 100 metric ton

 = 100 × 1000 kg
Total force of friction,
𝑓1 = 100 × 5 = 500 kg wt

= 500 × 9.8 N = 4900 N

1
sin θ =
100

Suppose, f2 = Downward force on the train = component of its weight acting in downward
direction parallel to the inclined plane = 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃
1
= 100 × 1000 × 9.8 × 100

= 9800 N
When F be the total force against which engine has to work, then
F = 𝑓1 + 𝑓2
= 4900 + 9800 = 14700 N
𝑣 = velocity of train
= 36 kmh-1
5
= 36 × ms-1
18

= 10 ms-1
∴ Power of the engine, is given by

P = F × 𝑣 = 14700 × 10
= 147000 watt
= 147 kW.
Q.11. Find the work done and power of an engine which can maintain a speed of 50 ms-1
for a train of mass 3 × 106 kg on a rough level track for 5 km. The coefficient of friction is
0.05. (Giving g = 10 ms-2)
Ans. Given : 𝑚 = 3 × 106 kg, 𝑣 = 50 ms-1

μ = 0.05, 𝑔 = 10 ms-2
S = 5 km = 5000 m
P = ?, W = ?
F = force of friction = 𝜇𝑚𝑔
(Normal reaction, R = 𝑚𝑔)
∴ P = F𝑣 = μ𝑚𝑔𝑣
or P = 0.05 × 3 × 106 × 10 × 50
or P = 75 × 106 watt
or P = 75 × 103 kW
= 7.5 × 104 kW
Work done, W = FS = 𝜇𝑚𝑔S
or W = 0.05 × 3 × 106 × 10 × 5 × 103 J
or W = 75 × 108 J.
Q.12. In a nerve impulse, about 105 neutrons are fired. If energy associated with
discharge of a single neutron is 10-10 J, estimate the energy used.
Ans. As energy associated with discharge of a single neutron is 10 -10 J, therefore total energy in
a nerve impulse, where 105 neurons are fired is 10-10 × 105 = 10-5 J.
Q.13. A particle of mass 150 g, is attached to one end of a massless, inextensible string.
It is made to describe a vertical circle of radius 1 m. what is the string is making an angle
of 48.2o with the vertical, its instantaneous speed is 2 ms-1. What is the tension in the
string in this position? Would this particle be able to complete its circular path? Take g =
10 m s-1)
Ans. The tension T< in the string, when it makes an angle θ, with the vertical, is given by
𝑚𝑣 2
T= + 𝑚𝑔 cos θ
𝑙

where 𝑣 is the instantaneous speed of the particle.

Here 𝑣 = 2 ms-1, 𝑙 = 1 m, 𝑚 = 0.15 kg and θ = 48.2o
0.15×(2)2
T= 1
+ (0.15 × 10 × cos 48. 2o

= (0.6 + 1.5 × 0.67) N

= 1.6 N

Let 𝑣1 be the speed of the particle at the lowest point of its circular path. Then

𝑣12 = 𝑣 2 + 2𝑔𝑟(1 – cos θ)

= (2)2 + 2 × 10 × 1 × (1 – cos 48.2o)
= 4 + 20 × (1 – 0.67)
= (4 + 6.6) = 10.6

𝑣1 = √10.6 ms-1
= 3.25 ms-1
The minimum value of 𝑣1 , obtained above, is less than this minimum speed. The particle, in the
given case, would not be able to complete its vertical circular path.
Q.14. A and B are two particles having the same mass 𝒎. A is moving along x-axis with a
speed of 10 ms-1, and B is at rest. After undergoing a perfectly elastic collision, with B,
particle A gets scattered through an angle of 30 o. What is the direction of motion of B,
and the speeds of A and B, after this collision?
Ans.

Figure (a) and (b), show the particles A and B, before and after the collision. Since A and B
have the same mass, and the collision is perfectly elastic, we would have
θ + ϕ = 90o
ϕ = 90o – 30o …(i)
Using law of conservation of linear momentum, we get,
(i) for the x-components,
𝑢 = 10 = 𝑣1 cos 30o + 𝑣2 cos 60o
√3 𝑣2
or 10 = 𝑣
2 1
+ 2

∴ 20 = √3𝑣1 + 𝑣2 …(ii)
and (ii) for the y-coordinates
𝑣0 = 𝑣1 sin 30o – 𝑣2 sin 60o = 0
𝑣1 √3
2
= 𝑣
2 2

or 𝑣1 = √3𝑣2 …(iii)
From Eqn (ii) and (iii),
20 = 3𝑣2 + 𝑣1
or 𝑣2 = 5 ms-1

and 𝑣1 = √3𝑣2
= 1.732 × 5 ms-1
= 8.66 ms-1
Q.15. The figure here shows a smooth ‘looping-the-loop’ track. A particle, of mass m is
released from point A, as shown. If H = 3r, would the particle ‘loop the loop’? What is the
force on the circular track when the particle is at point (i) B, (ii) C?

Ans. Let 𝑣𝐵 be the speed acquired by the particle at the (lowest) point B. From law of
conservation of energy, we have
Total energy at A = Total energy at B
1
∴ (0 + 𝑚𝑔𝐻) = 𝑚𝑣𝐵2 + 0
2

𝑣𝐵 = √2𝑔𝐻 = √2𝑔 × 3𝑟

= √6𝑔𝑟

The minimum speed, needed by the particle at B, so that it can ‘loop-the-loop’ is √5𝑔𝑟. Since 𝑣𝐵
is more than √5𝑔𝑟; the particle would ‘loop-the-loop’.

(i) The forces, acting on particle at B, are as shown here. Let N1 be the force exerted on the
particle by the track. According to Newton’s third law, the force exerted by the particle on the
track, is equal and opposite to N1 . Now,
2
𝑚𝑣𝐵
N1 = 𝑚𝑔 +
𝑟
𝑚×6𝑔𝑟
= 𝑚𝑔 + = 7𝑚𝑔
𝑟
2
𝑚𝑣𝐵
F𝐵 = 𝑟

Hence the force, exerted, by the particle, on the tracks, equals 7 mg, directed vertically
downwards.

(ii) The forces, acting on the particle in position C, area as shown in the figure here. The
speed𝑣𝐶 , of the particle, at C, is given by

𝑣𝐶2 = 𝑣𝐵2 − 4𝑔𝑟

 = 6𝑔𝑟 − 4𝑔𝑟 = 2𝑔𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝐶2
N2 = − 𝑚𝑔
𝑟

= 2𝑚𝑔 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑔

Hence the particle exerts a force mg, directed radially outwards, on the track, at point C.
𝑚𝑣𝐶2
F𝐶 =
𝑟

Q.16. A graph of potential energy V(x) verses x is shown in Fig. A particle of energy 𝐄𝟎 is
executing motion in it. Draw graph of velocity and kinetic energy versus x for one
complete cycle AFA.

Ans.

Q.17. A ball of mass m, moving with a speed 2𝐯𝟎, collides inelastically (e>0) with an
identical ball at rest. Show that
(a) For head-on collision, both the balls more forward.
(b) For a general collision, the angle between the two velocities of scattered balls is less
than 90o.
Ans. (a) For head on collision :

Let V1 , V2 be the velocities of two balls after collision.

Conservation of momentum

 2𝑚𝑣0 = 𝑚𝑣1 + 𝑚𝑣2

or 2𝑣0 = 𝑣1 + 𝑣2
𝑣2−𝑣1
and 𝑒= 2𝑣0
 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 + 2𝑣0 𝑔

∴ 2𝑣0 = 2𝑣0 − 2𝑒𝑣0

∴ 𝑣1 = 𝑣0 (1 − 𝑒)
Since e < 1  𝑣, has the same sign as 𝑣0 , therefore the ball moves on after collision.
(b) Conservation of momentum  𝑝 = 𝑝1 + 𝑝2
𝑝2 𝑝2 𝑝2
But KE is lost 2m > 2m
1 2
+ 2m

𝑝2 𝑝2 𝑝2
KE > KE1 + KE2  2m > 2m
1 2
+ 2m

 ∴ 𝑝 > 𝑝12 + 𝑝22

Thus 𝑝, 𝑝1 and 𝑝2 are related as shown in the figure.
θ is acute (less than 900)

(𝑝2 = 𝑝12 + 𝑝22 would give θ = 90o)

Q.18. Consider a one-dimensional motion of a particle with total energy E. there are four
regions A, B, C and D in which the relation between potential energy V, kinetic energy (k)
and total energy E is as given below :
Region A : V > E
Region B : V < E
Region C : K > E
Region D : V > K
State with reason in each case whether a particle can be found in the given region or not.
Ans. Region A : No, V > E  E = V + K, K = E – V  V > E, so K < 0 as KE will become
negative.
Region B : Yes, V < E, K = E – V, K > 0, total energy can be greater than PE for non zero K.E.
Region C : Yes, K > 0, V = E – K, V < 0, KE can be greater than total energy if its PE is
negative.
Region D : Yes, V > K, K = E – V as PE can be greater than KE.
Q.19. The bob A of a pendulum released from horizontal to the vertical hits another bob B
of the same mass at rest on a table as shown in Fig.

(a) If the length of the pendulum is 1m, calculate

(b) The height to which bob A will rise after collision.
(c) The speed with which bob B starts moving.
(d) Neglect the size of the bobs and assume the collision to be elastic.
Ans. (a) When ball A strike to an identical ball at rest then ball A transfer its entire momentum to
the ball on the table and does not rise at all.
1
(b) 2
𝑚𝑣2 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

Or 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ

here, 𝑔 = 9.8 m/s2

h = 1m
Putting values we get
𝑣 = 4.43 m/s
Q.20. A raindrop of mass 1.00 g falling from a height of 1 km hits the ground with a speed
of 50 ms-1. Calculate
(a) The loss of P.E. of the drop.
(b) The gains in K.E. of the drop.
(c) Is the gain in K.E. equal to loss of P.E.? If not why.
Take g = 10 ms-2
Ans. Given mass of rain drop, (m) = 0.001 kg
= 1.0 × 10-3 kg

Height, ℎ = 1 km = 1000 m
Speed, 𝑣 = 50 m/s, u = 0.
(a) Loss of 𝑃𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 1 × 10−3 × 10 × 103 = 10 𝐽
1 1
(b) Gain in 𝐾𝐸 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2 = 2 × 10−3 × 2500 = 1.25 𝐽
(c) No, Because a part of PE is used up in doing work against the viscous drag of air.
Q.21. Two pendulums with identical bobs and lengths are suspended from a common
support such that in rest position the two bobs are in contact (Fig.). One of the bobs is
released after being displaced by 10 o so that it collides elastically head-on with the other
bob.
(a) Describe the motion of two bobs.
(b) Draw a graph showing variation in energy of with pendulum with time, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2T.
Where T is the period of each pendulum

Ans. (a) At 𝑡 = 0, A is at lowest position and B is at highest position as. K.E. of both bobs are
zero while potential energy of B is maximum and A is zero.
Now bob is released

T
At t = , B reaches to A and collide elastically as both bobs are identical. The energies are
4

KEB = E, KEA = 0, PEA = 0, PEB = 0

2T
At t = 4
, A reaches maximum height and B remains at its lowest position.

KEA = 0, KEB = 0, PEA = E, PEB = 0

3T
At t = 4
. Bob A hits B which was at rest elastically & A becomes at rest, B moves upward.
KEA = 0, KEB = E, PEA = o, PEB = 0
EA = 0, EB = E
(b)

Q.22. Suppose the average mass of raindrops is 3.0 × 10 -5 kg and their average terminal
velocity 9 m s-1. Calculate the energy transferred by rain to each square metre of the
surface at a place which receives 100 cm of rain in a year.
Ans. Give : 𝑚 = 3.0 × 10-5 kg,

ρ = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3

𝑣 = 9 m/s
A = 1m2
ℎ = 100 cm  V = 1m3
M = ρV = 103 kg,
Energy transferred by rain,
1 1
E = 2 𝑚𝑣2 = 2 × 103 × (9)3 = 4.05 × 104 J.

Q.23. An engine is attached to a wagon through a shock absorber of length 1.5m. the
system with a total mass of 50,000 kg is moving with a speed of 36 km/hr when the
brakes are applied to bring it to rest. In the process of the system being brought to rest,
the spring of the shock absorber gets compressed by 1.0 m. If 90% of energy of the
wagon is lost due to friction, calculate the spring constant.
Ans. 𝑚 = 50,000 kg
5
𝑣 = 36×18 m/s = 10 m/s
1 1
KE = 2 𝑚𝑣2 = 2 × 5 × 104×102 J

= 2.5 × 106 J
90% of KE of wagon lost due to friction and only 10% of this is stored in the spring.
1
2
𝑘𝑥 2 = 2.5×104 = 10% of 2.5 × 106 J

Here, x = 1 m
 2×2.5×104
N
(1)2
So, 𝑘 = m

𝑘 = 5.0 × 104 N/m

Q.24. An adult weighing 600 N raises the centre of gravity of his body by 0.25 m while
taking each step of 1 m length in jogging. If he jogs for 6 km, calculate the energy utilized
by him in jogging assuming that there is no energy loss due to friction of ground and air.
Assuming that the body of the adult is capable of converting 10% of energy intake in the
form of food that would be required to compensate energy utilized for jogging.
Ans. 𝑚𝑔 = 600 N, 𝑔 = 10 m/s2, ℎ = 0.25 m
6000 𝑚
No. of steps in 6 km = = 6000 steps
1𝑚 /𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝

In 6 km there are 6000 steps.

∴ E = 6000(𝑚𝑔)ℎ
= 9 × 105 J
This is 10% of intake energy
∴ Intake energy = 10E = 9 × 106 J.
Q.25. On complete combustion a litre of petrol gives off heat equivalent to 3 × 10 7 J. in a
test drive a car weighing 1200 kg, including the mass of driver, runs 15 km per litre while
moving whit a uniform speed on a straight track. Assuming the friction offered by the
road surface and air to be uniform, calculate the force of friction acting on the card
during the test drive, if the efficiency of the car engine were 0.5.
Ans. ∴ Energy given by car in 1 litre petrol

= 0.5×3×107 J
= 1.5×107 Joule
With 0.5 efficiency, 1 litre generates 1.5 × 10 7 J. which is used for 15 km drive
F𝑑 = 1.5 × 107 J, where 𝑑 = 1.5 × 104 m
1.5×107 J
Force of friction F = 1.5×104 m

F = 103 N