Laws of Motion '

Newton 's laws

Momentum Conservation
frame of Reference
Free Body Diagram

Pulley Inclined Plane .

,

Friction

circular Motion

2- 2 Qts
Newton 's First Law
INERTIA Inherent all bodies
property
:
•

of by
virtue which cannot
of they or motionchange
their state rest
of .

: 1st law : A
body
continue to be in its state
-
.

of rest OR motion along a straight

line unless acted upon some
by
external to the state
force change .

Newton 's Second Law

The rate
of change linear momentum is
of
directly proportional to external force applied
on
body and this
change takes place
always in direction of applied force .

-
-

F
dpdt
x

- f = ma
f- =

kddtf ( K -

2)

E =
DI
dt
=

d¥mJ
) = m
dat =
mat

External full
FORCE . or
push
• Produces or tries to produce motion
tries to stop
•
Stops or

tries to
moving body .

direction
•
changes or
change .
 IMPULSE
'

•
F = m a-
= M
( Iz tz
-

-
T
ti
E Pz p, f (ta ti) Pg
pz
-
= -
= -

tz t i
t
-

Ft =3
linear
Impulse =

change in
momentum produced
by forces .

Newton 's 3rd Law

To and
•
every action -
There is always an
equal
opposite reaction .

• Action and reaction act different

on bodies .

Forces exert pairs

always in .

Major Application of 3rd Law :

Gun
•
Recoiling of

• Jet aeroplanes movement

conservation of Momentum '

1-34 ' f, ,
A B ph
M, Mz
←
M, Mz
→
fz , Mi Mz
↳ vz
↳
uz
FT 2 = -
FI ,
Mili it , )
Mz ( Tz Ta )
-

,
-

= -

-t t
m UT
,
+ Maltz = M , VT t MTV2

rocket Propulsion variable mass

Rate
of Ejection of gas offs Cr)
-
=

µ, upward Thrust
Vrcr)
darfur
= -

offs Em rime
-

a = -
-

Recoil velocity of
GUN

vz
Fanfare firing ) =
Rafter firing?
← → v
O =
MIT t Mz Tz
Mi
Mz

coifing of II
mm÷T
-
=
,

gun
 Frame of Reference
INERTIAL FRAME

• frame where Newton 's Laws are valid .

•
Any frame moving with constant velocity .

• Earth 's
frame is Inertial frame
NON -

INERTIAL FRAME

• Frame where Newton's laws are not valid .

Pseudo
•

force
Accelerated
is used
•

frame a.

A
big B

A : Inertial B : non Inertial

Tues O

que
nos O
y
g
• Tsin O yo
a Tsin O
p
-

my
Tues O m (o ) Mg
mg
-
=

Tsin O = ma Fp :
pseudoforce
tano =
a- considered opposite to motion
g
Tsin O =
Fp = ma

NE ET Tues O -

mg
tano
2019 =

Eg
 I

Free
Body Diagram
Decide Make
free body diagram
.

1
system 3

4
2
Identify forces choose anis I write
equations

block
n : normal Reaction
M Between bodies in
platform
2

1- (Mp ) Intact

ground n (by platform) N ( by block)

Nz ( by
ground)
Mp

mg
( by earth)
mpg
not
Sf platform accelerating N
Mg
-

•
-

Nt
Mpg =
Nz
•
Of system accelerates up Ca) N -

Mg = Ma

down La)
Of system accelerates
Mg N = Ma
-

II two Blocks connected

by string
Mi Mz
-

Nz
Nz ( by ground )

z
T ( by
string)
( by
string) Mz f

( (
mzg by mi ) by m2 ) Mzg
• Acceleration of each block a =
F-
Mas
MI Mz
t
• T =
Mg a =
Mz X

M, t
Mz
 Tension in block at distance
III. en '
from left
← i → → a
a. =L
m → f m

→
U
→ a
Tn =
MA
m → Tn
mcmass for )
L

)
Mfl
n n -
-
n

f
Tn
(
=

1¥ M2 M2
Mz
f

a =
F-
M, t Mz t m
:3

I =
.
m s 't Mz k Mz

Mif
a =
F 72 =
(Mzt Mz) f Tz =

M, +
Mz +
Mz M, t Mz t
Mz Mit Mz +
Mz

N3 a → a

→a T
MZ
Fz 3
tf 73 Fz =
(Mzt Mda
M38
fz=M3A

=(mm.IT??mg)r-
"
"
=(m+M3m+m )f ,
Pulley
ne

for my ou Mz T =
MIA
g
-

y n
For Mz : T =
Mza
Mzg
-

^ ?
: a
@
ma
) T ma
La
-
= i

g
.

f
Mit Mz a

MI

(2mm;mmz)g
2T=4⇐ g
T f
mg
-
-
-
-

d .

Mig

Inclined Plane
a N
N

\ ,
2

Maguey
d
Migues p Mzgsigg
maginn
Mig
may

a. = Mzgsinp -

Mig Sina
M, t
Mz

T Mima ( Sina * Simp)

g
=

M , 1- M2
 Friction .

• The
opposing force two bodies
•
Depends roughness
on between .

•
Independent of Area
of contact .

Kinetic
friction .

kind that acts

of friction when a
body slides over a

surface .
Fk =
the N

coefficient of -
kinetic
friction .

Static
friction
kind
of friction acting when there is no relative
motion .

f- as N s
= normal Reaction
↳
coefficient of static
friction
f- s -

Hs N
N
-

fsc Hs
fk -

H kN

y#
-

#
tscmax,
he

Friction
• is a
necessary evil .

• Lubrication ,
Ball
bearings reduce friction .
 Angle of friction
NI
HSNNF
tan a =
=

f f
tan x -
-
as
'
( Hs)
-

a -
- tan

Angle of repose .

f '

Driving force
f- Limiting friction
-
-

mgsinx HSN
=

mgsina uismgcosa
=

Mgmt of
tana =
Hs

a mg

f- Sino
N
f for movement
f- Celso > HR

TO Fuego f 7
14mg
case + Hsin O
HN

Fmin =
Hmg O -
tan
- '

(H)
I -1 142
circular motion
Motion Level Road
I on

N O
mg
-
=

N
mg
=

MI
f £ Hs N =

U2
HSRNV
f

!f
M

Uman =
÷

I Motion on Banked Road

rgfys.t.tn:o)
vmax =

Umin = tan O -

Ys
pig I +
Hs tan 0

if as = O
Vmax
=J¥
 Bending of Cyclist .

tano -
-
I
Rg

Impt .
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