EARTH & SPACE SCIENCE

CHAPTER 1 – STUDY GUIDE

TERMS

Mineralogy Mineral Rock

Atom Nucleus Proton
Neutron Electron Atomic number
Valence electrons Compound Ionic bond
Ion Covalent bond Mass number
Isotopes Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron

CONCEPTS

Define/differentiate between the properties of minerals that are used to distinguish minerals (luster, color,
crystal form, streak, hardness, cleavage, density, & other unique properties)
List some of the field tools used to qualitatively determine the hardness of a mineral
What is the scale that is used to determine mineral hardness and what are the hardest and softest minerals
on that scale?
Be able to differentiate between the silicate, carbonate, evaporate, and other non-silicate mineral groups.
Be prepared to distinguish between the light and dark silicate minerals and the examples of each given in
the text.

Mineralogy

Mineral

Rock

Atom

Nucleus

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Atomic number

Valence electrons

Compound

Ionic bond

Ion
Covalent bond

Mass number

Isotopes

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron