Science G10

Chemical Reactions
Class 3

Agenda
1. Review HW 1
2. Quiz 3
3. Lesson 3
• Types of Chemical Reactions
• Synthesis
• Decomposition
• Combustion
• Single Displacement
• Double Displacement

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Types of Chemical Reactions
• Synthesis
• Decomposition
• Combustion
• Single Displacement
• Double Displacement
• Neutralization

Synthesis

A + B → A B

Examples:
3H2 + N2 → 2NH3
MgO + CO2 → MgCO3
2CO + O2 → 2CO2

2
Decomposition

A B → A + B

Examples:
2H2O → 2H2 + O2
2Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 + 3H2O
H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O

Decomposition of Sodium Azide

2NaN3(s) → 2Na(s) + 3N2(g)

• Airbags contain sodium azide,

NaN3(s)
• During a collision, electrical
energy triggers the rapid
decomposition of NaN3(s) into
nitrogen gas to inflate the airbag

3
 Checkpoint
Write the balanced chemical equation for the
following and classify the type of reaction:

a) Zinc chloride → zinc + chlorine

b) Potassium oxide + water → potassium hydroxide

Combustion
• Combustion is a reaction in which a
substance reacts with oxygen gas,
releasing energy in the form of light
and heat
• Two types:
• Complete combustion occurs when
there is sufficient oxygen
• Incomplete combustion occurs where
there is insufficient oxygen

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Complete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are compounds that
contain carbons and hydrogens
• Complete combustion of hydrocarbons
produces CO2, H2O, and energy
• Flame is blue in colour with little
smoke

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + energy

Checkpoint
Assuming complete combustion, write the
balanced chemical reaction for the combustion of:

a) Propane (C3H8)

b) Octane (C8H18)

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Incomplete Combustion of Hydrocarbons
• Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons
produces CO2, CO, H2O, C(s), and energy
• Flames from incomplete combustion
tend to be yellow or orange in colour
and are smokier due to unburned carbon

C4H10 + 5O2 → 2CO2 + 5H2O + CO + C(s) + energy

Dangers of Carbon Monoxide

• Carbon monoxide
displaces oxygen in the Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning:
blood and deprives the
heart, brain, and other
vital organs of oxygen
• Carbon monoxide is
colourless, odourless,
and tasteless

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CO Placement of CO(g) alarms CO

• It is recommended CO

that at least one

alarm is installed
on every level
CO

• October 24, 1993, Robert

Latimer killed his 13-year old
daughter Tracy Latimer by
piping the exhaust fumes
containing CO(g) into the
interior of the car where she
was placed
• Tracy had a severe form of
cerebral palsy and suffered
considerable pain
• Father killed her to relieve her
of her pain
• Triggered debates around
health ethics and euthanasia

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Other Forms of Combustion
Combustion of Hydrogen (Fuel Cells)
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + energy

Combustion of Nitrogen-Containing Hydrocarbons

CxHyNz + O2 → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + N2(g)

Combustion of Phosphorus
P4(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(g) + energy

Single Displacement

A + B C → A C + B

• Metal displaces the metal (use the most common ionic

charge for multivalent metals unless indicated
otherwise)
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
• Nonmetal displaces the nonmetal
F2(g) + 2KCl(aq) → 2KF(aq) + Cl2

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 Checkpoint
Predict the products of the following single
displacement reactions and balance:

a) Fe + Pb(NO3)2 →

b) Cl2 + NaI →

c) Li + H2O →

Double Displacement

A B + C D → A D + C B

• Metals trade places or nonmetals trade places

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

• Double displacement reactions occur if:

• A solid precipitate forms OR H2O forms OR gas forms

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Precipitate
• Precipitate is a solid formed from the
reaction of two solutions; an insoluble
compound

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

PbI2(s) is a yellow
precipitate

Checkpoint
Predict the products of the following double
displacement reactions and balance:

a) CuS + KCl →

b) CaBr2 + KOH →

c) Ca(OH)2 + H3PO4 →

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 Checkpoint
Write the balanced chemical equation for the
following and classify the type of reaction:

a) Silver nitrate + sodium phosphate → silver

phosphate precipitate + sodium nitrate

b) Calcium + water → hydrogen gas + calcium

hydroxide

Corrosion
• Corrosion is the breakdown of metal due to
chemical reactions with its environment

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 Advantages of Corrosion
• Al2O3(s) is a hard substance • Fe2O3(s) is rust which is porous,
that prevents the underlying
aluminum metal from corroding
• CuO(s) and CuS(s) forms the
green coating (patina) that is
waterproof, durable, and
attractive
Disadvantages of Corrosion
flaky, and exposes the
underlying metal
• Rusting causes the metal
structure to become weak;
process is accelerated by salt
• Difficult to maintain and
expensive to rebuild the
structure

Preventing Corrosion
• Protective coatings such as paint,
chrome, or plastic coating covers the
metal and prevents corrosion
• Corrosion-resistant materials such as
plastic or alloys like stainless steel can
resist corrosion
• Galvanizing is the process of plating a
metal with zinc so that the zinc forms
ZnO, which acts as a protecting
coating for the underlying metal

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 Checkpoint
Balance and classify the following reactions:
a) __Al + __CuCl2 → __AlCl3 + __Cu

b) __H2O → __H2 + __O2

c) __Cu + __Cl2 → __CuCl

d) __SrCl2 + __Al2O3 → __SrO + __AlCl3

e) __C6H14 + __O2 → __CO2 + __H2O

What I Learned Today:

Types of Chemical Reactions
❑ Synthesis
❑ Decomposition
❑ Combustion
• Complete and Incomplete
❑ Single Displacement
❑ Double Displacement

Due next class: Class 3 Homework

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