Hemoglobin (Hb):

 Hemoglobin is a protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to
the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
 It is measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) of blood.
 Normal hemoglobin levels also vary with age, sex, and health, but generally range from
13.8 to 17.2 g/dL in adult males and from 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL in adult females.

Notes

 Definition:

 Hemoglobin is a protein molecule found in red blood cells (RBCs) that binds oxygen and
carries it from the lungs to tissues throughout the body.
 It also helps transport carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.

 Measurement and Normal Range:

 Hemoglobin levels are measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) of blood.

 Normal values vary based on age, sex, and health status.
 In adult males, normal range is typically 13.8 to 17.2 g/dL.
 In adult females, normal range is generally 12.1 to 15.1 g/dL.

 Significance:

 Hemoglobin levels reflect the blood's ability to carry oxygen.

 Low hemoglobin levels (anemia) can indicate various conditions such as iron deficiency,
vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, chronic disease, or blood loss.
 High hemoglobin levels may be seen in conditions like dehydration, chronic lung disease,
or certain types of bone marrow disorders.