Guasave Higher Technological Institute

mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Design I

Topic III. Failure theories and criteria for dynamic loads

Extra class exercises: Problems related to analysis and design.

Student name: Jesús Vicente Soberanez Gutierrez Group: 601 Registration: 1625010410

Objective: Solve problems related to analysis and design.

Instructions:
Solve exercises 15, 21, 22, 24 of Chapter 5 of the bibliography of Mott, Robert; "Design of machine elements".

15
Aim

Data
Boards I
graphics
Formulas
Mathematical
operations,
diagrams I
drawings I
graphic
representations
and
results

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering
The link of a mechanism is to be subjected to a tension force that varies from 3500 to 500 N,
15
cyclically, when the mechanism works. It was decided to use AISI 1040 cold drawn steel.
Complete the link design to specify a cross section with appropriate dimensions.
Aim
Complete the link design, to specify a cross section with appropriate dimensions.
Data AISI 1040 cold drawn steel δu = 552Mpa
Fmax=3500N Fminimum=500N

Boards I Board. Appendix 3 design properties for carbon and alloy steels. Figure 5-8, 5-9 AND Tables 5-
graphics 1, 5-2
Formulas
_ 0max+amin _ 0m ax-ami
n 1
a m =-------------- oa =-------------------------------------------------
22
_P KOa.^ m _ 1
TO 3'n 6^ N
3'n= 3n( c m )(Cs t )(C ^ )(C
A)
Mathematical
operations,
diagrams I
drawings I
graphic
representations • On this occasion, case G occurs: fluctuating normal stress.
and
results Kσ a + σ m= 1
δ´n δμ N

• We need to know the value of:

3'n= 3n( m)(Cst)(C^ )( CR)
•
C

Search the data:

δn = 220Mpa
c m = 1.0(for forged steel)
c st = 0.8(axial load)
cR = 0.75(. 999% ) This was the reliability value chosen and was the maximum.
c s = 0.81 (Where the diameter is = 50mm)
• Substituting the values we obtain:
δ´n = 220Mpa(1)(0.8)(. 75)(. 81)
= 106.921Mpa

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering

• Since we know the values of the maximum and minimum loads and we assume a
desired diameter of 50 mm, we proceed to calculate the maximum and minimum
stress values.
p 3500N ,
omax = - =-------------7 = 1.782Mpa
TO 0.00196m2 •
_ ■ 500N
P .
omin = - =------------= = 0.254Mpa
At 0.00196m2 Q

• amax+amin
The average effort and the alternative effort are calculated.
1.782Mpa+0.254Mpa
or m =-------------=------------------------
2 2
at m = 1.017Mpa
amax-amin 1.782Mpa-0.254Mpa
oa =---------------= ------------------------
2 2
aa = 0.763Mpa
• The values are substituted in the initial formula
Ka toto ___ me 1 1(0.763Mpa)__1.017Mpa 1
S'n 8p~N 106.92Mpa 552Mpa ~N
• We solve the safety factor
N = 111,481
• We proceed to redesign the link to obtain a design factor close to 4.
• The diameter is changed to a value of 10mm.
A = 7.85x10 -5 m 2
^n = 220Mpa
c st = 0.8(axial load)
c R = 0.75 because a reliability of (. 999%)
cs = 0.97(D = 10mm)
c m = 1.0(forged steel)
• Replacing the values
8' = 220Mpa(1)(0.8)(.75)(.97) = 128.2Mpa
• Calculate the maximum and minimum efforts
Q 3500N
omax = - = 7.85210-5 = 44.58Mpa
. Q .
500N ,,,,
amine = - =-----------7 = 6.36Mpa
TO 7.85X10 -5 Q
• Calculate the average stress and the alternative stress
amax+amin 44.58Mpa+6.36Mpa AND-,,
or m =-------------=---------AND----= = 50.95Mpa
22 Q
ca _ ^max-amin _ 44.58Mpa-6.36Mpa _ 19 POM a
2 = 2 = . p

Ka to
• We substitute the values in the initial formula
to m 1 1(19.10Mpa) 50.95Mpa_1
S'n + 3p = N 128.2Mpa 552Mpa = N
N = 4. 136

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering

A cantilever arm is part of a joining machine. A tool weighing 500 lb moves continuously from the
21
end of the 60-inch beam to a point 10 inches from the support. Specify a suitable design for the
arm, to define the material, shape and cross-sectional dimensions.
Aim Specify a suitable design for the arm, to define the material, and the shape and dimensions of the
cross section.
Data L1=60” L2=10”
W=500lb
Boards I Board. Appendix 3 design properties for carbon and alloy steels. Tables (5-1), (5-2), (5-9), and (5-
graphics 8)
Formulas 62+8=l 8'n = n(cm)(cs)(c-)(cR)
M amax+amin amax-amin -------
a=— a m =------- ------ aa =------------- ------ De = 0.808\B * h

Mathematical
operations,
diagrams I
drawings I
graphic
representations • On this occasion the case occurs: fluctuating normal stresses.

results
and •Characteristics of the chosen material
AISI 1020 hot rolled steel
Base = 5”
H= .80”
Of = 0.808d5 * 0.80 = 1.61"
We need to know the value of:
3^n = 5n(c m )(c st )(c s )(c fi )
•Search the data
Su = 55 ksi
Sn = 20ksi
c m = 1.0(forged steel)
c st = 1.0(bending load)
c R = 0.81 because a reliability of (. 99%)
c s = 0.832 using the diameter of (D = 1.61")
• The values are substituted to find
S^n = 20ksi(1)(1)(. 81)(. 832) = 13,478 ksi
• We are looking for the section module
s=BH2= ( .8 0)( 5 2) = 3.333 66
_ M 30000•
amax = — = 3.333 = 9000.9 psi
_ . M 5000.
amin = — =------= 1500psi
3 3.333 Q
amax+amin 9000psi + 1500psi .
a m =---------------=--------------------= 5250 psi
2 2 1

ca_ ^max-amin _ 9000psi-1500psi _ 3750Yeah

aa
2 = 2 = Psl

Ka to to m 1 3,750kpsi 5.250kpsi _ 1_ 0 3735

3'n + 3p = N 13.478ksi 1 55ksi =N .

N = 2.6737

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering

22 A steel band is used as a spring to maintain a counterforce to a case lock latch on a commercial printer,
as seen in Figure P5-9. When the box door is open, the latch bolt flexes y1 = 0.25 mm to the spring. The
bolt increases the deflection to 0.40 mm when the door is closed. Specify a suitable material for the
spring, if made with the dimensions indicated in the figure.
Aim Specify a suitable material for the spring, if made with the dimensions indicated in the
figure
Data Y1=0.25mm
Y2=0.40mm
Boards I Board. Appendix 3 design properties for carbon and alloy steels. Tables (5-1), (5-9),
graphics (5-2), (5-8)
Table A14-2 cantilever beam deflection formulas

Formulas M amax+amin amax amin _ . r------------r

a=— a m =-------------- aa =------------ ------ De = 0.808vB * h
603+6=1 ' = Sn(c m )(c st )(c s )(c R )
S n

Y = -P^ ( 3L + b ) M = ^( b + L )
12EIL 3 F 2 2L 2 2

Mathematical
operations,
diagrams I
drawings I
graphic
representations On this occasion, Case G occurs: fluctuating normal stresses.
and • Characteristics of the chosen material
results AISI 1040 hot rolled steel
Of = 0.808d5 * 0.6 = 1.399"
We need to know the value of:
^n = 3n(C m ) (C st ) (C s ) (c R )
• Search the data
His = 496Mpa
6n = 220Mpa
c m = 1.0(forged steel)
c st = 1.0(bending)
c R = 0.81(. 99%)
cs = 1(D = 1.399^)
• The values are replaced
S'n = 220Mpa(1)(1)(.81)(1) = 178Mpa
• From Table A14-2
Y= - d a 3 Í 23(3L + b)
12EIL
p_ AND 12 EIL 3
I =a 3
b 2 (3L+h)

•
pi _ Y12 EIL 3
The charge is eliminated from the equation
_ (2.5x10 -4 )(12)(207Gpa)(9x10 -14 )6.4*10 -5 _ 67
= a b (3L+b) = (15x10'-4)3(25x10--4)2(3(40x10- 3 )+(25.v10- 4 )
3 2 .

• Now the value of Y2 is substituted into the equation to obtain the maximum
load.

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering
0 AND 12 EIL3 (4.0%10 -4 )(12)(207Gpa)(9x10 -14 )(40x10 3 ) 3
P
2 = a3b2(3L+b) = (15x10-4)3(25x10-4)2(3(40x10-3)+(25x10-4)
P2=18.71N
• calculate the maximum and minimum moment.
Max =^( b + L)= -i m5r L (25 + 40) = 142.4pa
Min =Z
W-(b+L)= =120sy25 (25 + 40) = 89.04 pa
• Calculate the modulus of elasticity

8=BH= (5)06022 = 0.33 6 6

•The maximum and minimum forces M 142.4 N/m are calculated

omax = — =----------f— = 474.66 Mpa
8 0.3in3
p

M 89.05 N/m
min = — =-------— = 296.833 Mpa
yes 0.3in3

• Calculate the values of average and alternative stress

omax+omin 474.66pa+296.833pa
a m =--------------=-------- ----------— = 385.74 Mpa
22 omax-omin
oa =--------------= 88.91Mpa
K°a Om_1 (88.91Mpa) (385.74 Mpa) _ 1
S'n + Su = N 178Mpa 496Mpa = N

• We find the value of the safety factor

N = 0.782

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering

Figure P5-24 shows a hydraulic cylinder that pushes a heavy tool on its stroke.
24
output, as it delivers a 400 lb compression load to the stem. During the Return Stroke, the shank pulls
the tool with a force of 1500 lbs. Calculate the design factor that results for the 0.60-inch diameter stem
when it is subjected to this form of loading for many cycles. The material is AISI 4130 WQT 1300 steel.
If the design factor obtained is very different from 4.0, determine the stem size that produces N = 4.0.
Aim Determine the stem size that produces N = 4.0

Data D=0.60”
AISI 4130 WQT 1300 steel
Fc=400lb
Ft=1500lb
Boards I
graphics Board. Appendix 3 design properties for carbon and alloy steels. Tables (5-1), (5-2), (5-9), and (5-8)
Formulas
62+8=l 8'n = n(cm)(cs)(c-)(cR)
M amax+amin amax-amin
a=— a m =----------------- aa =-----------------------

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering
Mathematical
operations,
diagrams I
drawings I
graphic
representations
and •This time it is Case G: fluctuating normal stresses.
results •Material specifications
AISI 4130 WQT 1300 steel
Su = 98ksi
• We need to know the value of: S^n = ^n ( C m )(c st ) ( c s )(c R )
• Search the data
8n = 37ksi
c m = 1.0(forged steel)
c st = 0.8(axial load)
cR = 0.75(.999)
cs = 0.924(D = .6")
• Data is replaced
5'n = 37ksi(1)(0.8)(.75)(.926) = 20.551ksi
• The area is calculated
A = ^(o 6 2 = Q .2827in 2 4
• We find the value of the maximum and minimum efforts P í5QQlb _n- 00 ■
amax = - =----------------= 5305.978 psi
TO 0.2827in
2

_ ■ Q 400lb■
amine = - =-------------- = 1414.92psi
TO 0.2827in 2
• The values for the average stress and alternative stress amax+amin are calculated.
3360.45psi+1945.52psi. •
am =--------------=------------- -------------— = 3360.499 psi
2 2
amax-amin 1.782Mpa-0.254Mpa , •
aa =------------------= -----------p----------p -=
1945.5psi
2 2
• The values are substituted in the original formula
K^ a .<y m _ 1 1945.5psi 3360.499 psi _ 1_
+ += = — ___ . = 0.1289
^n 6^ N 20,551ksi 98ksi N

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I

 Guasave Higher Technological Institute
mechanical Engineering
N = 7,754

Hydraulic cylinder vtag dn Strength

l-----------------------J. 0.60inchdiam alternative
FIG URA P5-24 (Problem 24}
• We use a diameter of 0.445 inches.
• The design factor turned out to be greater than 4, therefore it must be redesigned so that it has
a value
closest to 4.
• Search the data
8n = 37ksi
c m = 1.0(forged steel)
c st = 0.8(axial load)
cR = 0.75(.999)
cs = 0.970(D = .45")
• Data is replaced
6'n = 37ksi(1)(0.8)(.75)(.970) = 21.534ksi
• The area is calculated
A = n (0A5 = 0.i590in 2 4
) 2

• We find the value of the maximum and minimum efforts p 15001b

O^aX — = — 7431.4pYes
TO 0.1590m 2
_ Q 4001b
O^in — = — J15.O4pYes
TO 0.1590in 2
• The values for the average stress and alternative stress amax+amin are calculated.
9431.4psi+2515.04psi _ .. •
a m =--------------—-----------------------— 5973.22 psi
2 2
Oah — — 3458.18psi
2 2 1

• The values are substituted in the original formula

K^a _Om _ 1 1945.5psi 3360.499 psi _ 1_
+ — 1 —N .
S'n 8p N 20,551ksi 98ksi
N—4. 5454

Eng. Rommel Arel Leal Palomares Mechanical Design I