CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF SANTA MARIA

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM

INDUSTRIAL DRAWING

INTRODUCTION TO DRAWING
INDUSTRIAL
Eng. Wilbert Zevallos G.
 1. Introduction
Ø Since its origins, man has tried to
communicate through graphics or
drawings.
Ø The first representations that we
know are the cave paintings, in which
the reality that surrounded them was
represented, animals, stars, the
human being himself, sensations, etc.
Ø Throughout history, this desire to
communicate through drawings has
evolved, giving rise on the one hand
to artistic drawing and on the other to
technical drawing.
1. Introduction
ARTISTIC DRAWING
• Try to express emotions and feelings.

TECHNICAL DRAWING
• Try to provide information
1. Introduction
Differences between technical drawing and artistic drawing
Technical drawing . Artistic drawing
• It is normalized • Does not support
• Does not use color rules
• The author's • Use color
signature is not • The author's
important signature is important
 1. Introduction

The purpose of the technical drawing

is to represent objects as accurately
as possible, in shape and
dimensions.

Today, there is a confluence between the objectives of artistic and technical

1. Introduction
drawing. This is a consequence of the use of computers in technical
drawing, with which virtual recreations are obtained in Autocad and 3D,
which, although they represent the objects in true magnitude and shape,
also carry a strong load of suggestions for the viewer.
 1. Introduction

Technical drawing concept .

Technical drawing is the graphic representation of an object or a practical
 1. Introduction
idea. This representation is guided by fixed and pre-established rules to be
able to accurately and clearly describe the dimensions, shapes ,
characteristics and construction of what you want to reproduce.
To make a technical drawing , precision instruments are required. When we
do not use these instruments it is called freehand drawing or sketch .
 1. Introduction
The technical drawing has 3 characteristics that must be respected when carrying
out work:
•Graphic
•Universal
•Precise
It is essential that all people,
designers or technicians, follow
clear rules in the representation
of the pieces. At an international
level , ISO standards are
responsible for setting precise
guidelines.

In technical drawing, the

application standards refer to
representation systems, presentations (lines, formats, labeling, etc.),
representation of the elements of the pieces (sections, sections, views, etc.), etc.
1. Introduction

Types of technical drawing.

With industrial development and technological advances, drawing has

increased its field of action. The main ones are: 1

Architectural drawing: Architectural
drawing covers a range of graphic
representations with which we make plans
for the construction of buildings,
houses, country houses, highways,
churches, factories and bridges, among
others. The project is drawn with precise
instruments, with their respective details,
adjustments and corrections, where floor
plans, facades, sections, perspectives,
foundations, columns, details and others
appear.
 1. Introduction
Mechanical drawing: It is used to represent pieces or parts of machines,
machinery, vehicles such as cranes and motorcycles, airplanes, helicopters
and industrial machines. The plans that represent a simple mechanism or a
machine made up of a set of parts are called assembly plans; and those that
represent a single element, part drawing. Those that represent a set of pieces
with graphic indications for their placement, and assembling a whole, are
called assembly plans.

Electrical drawing: This type of drawing refers to the graphic representation of

electrical installations in an industry, office or home or in any architectural
structure that requires electricity. The corresponding symbols represent
 1. Introduction
connections, meter box, main board, circuit line, switches, sockets, lamp
outlets, among others.

Electronic drawing: The circuits that give precise operation to various devices
that currently constitute a technological advance such as computers,
amplifiers, transmitters, watches, televisions, radios and others are
represented.
 1. Introduction

Geological drawing: The geological drawing is used in geography and

geology, it represents the various layers of the earth using symbols and
reveals the minerals contained in each layer. It is widely used in mining and
oilfield exploration.
1. Introduction
 1. Introduction
Topographic drawing : The topographic drawing graphically represents the
characteristics of a certain
area of land, using
conventionally established
signs.
It shows us natural and
artificial accidents,
elevations or
measurements, horizontal
curves or contour lines.
 1. Introduction
Urban drawing: This type of drawing is
used in the organization of cities: in the
location of urban centers, industrial zones,
boulevards, streets, avenues, gardens,
highways, recreational areas, among
others. Preliminary projects, projects,
assembly plans are drawn.
Ø In industrial development,
the drawing has a relevant
1. Introduction
importance; the construction of a car cannot be imagined
without the representation of a drawing.

Regardless of the technician who makes a drawing, whose

job it is to interpret (read), it will be difficult for him or her to
do it efficiently if he or she has not first learned to draw
(write).

walk to run
Write to read
Draw to interpret and design
1. Introduction
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1. Introduction

The technical Technology

drawing
8 Representation of objects in the technical drawing: The views.
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1. Introduction

Ø Elaborate artistic drawings are no longer used as

technical expression.
Ø The modern engineering student does not need any
special artistic talent to learn the graphic language.
Ø Technical drawing and descriptive geometry develop
our imagination.
Ø It can be stated that the student who is deficient in
technical drawing and descriptive geometry will also be
deficient in other technical subjects.
Ø Descriptive geometry is the grammar of graphic
language, it is the three-dimensional geometry that
provides the bases for the practical applications of the
language, and through which many problems can be
1. Introduction

solved graphically.
Ø The term instrumental drawing should only be
applied to drawing made with drawing instruments.
Ø The term mechanical drawing is used to refer to all
industrial drawings.
Ø Technical drawing is a broad expression that
adequately suggests the scope of graphic language. It
is applied to any drawing that is used to express
technical ideas.
2. Technical Writing
Ø A detailed drawing, apart from graphically
representing the size and shape of the object, must
obtain complementary information on details that must
be specified in written form.
Ø These notes are regularly written freehand or
freehand and can also be traced with templates.
Ø The good presentation of a drawing is a fundamental
factor for its good understanding.
Ø The written information must be presented, uniform in
its size, shape and properly organized in its distribution
on the plan, this provides a more pleasant aesthetic to
the drawing.
2. Technical
Writing

Figure 1.1. Variations in the history of the lebas

2. Technical
Writing
WE ARE NOT GOING TO WRITE LETTERS, WE ARE GOING
TO DRAW THEM
2. Technical
Writing
 2. Technical
Writing
Left-handed letter tracing system

There are three necessary steps in learning technical writing:

 2. Technical
Writing
Ø Knowledge of the proportions and shapes of letters and the
order of the strokes.
Ø Knowledge of composition, that is, the separation between
letters and words.
Ø Persistent practice, accompanied by continuous effort to
improve.
2. Technical
Writing
CHARACTERISTICS ML
UPO ti INCLINED

STRAIG
HT

HHttH

Fig. 26
 2. Technical
Writing to Consult
Standards
INTINTEC 833.007 Technical Drawing. Strokes

Definitions

Ø Module . It is a grid that is used to determine the

proportions of the writings, which is divided into 10 equal
parts in both directions.
 2. Technical
Writing
Definitions

Ø Baseline. It is the lower horizontal line of the module from

which the writings are sized
Ø Top line. It is the upper horizontal line of the module

Requirements
Ø The height of the capital letters will be equal to the height “h”
of the module to be used.
 2. Technical
Writing
Ø The lowercase letters will be those that appear in the
corresponding drawings.

Requirements

Ø The height of the integers will be equal to the height “h” of

the module to be used.
Ø The broken numbers whose heights of the numerator and
denominator will be equal and equivalent to 0.5h divided
 2. Technical
Writing
into ten equal parts.
Ø For the numerator line, the upper 0.4h will be used, adding
0.1h to the top.
Ø 0.1 h below the baseline will be used to plot the
denominator.
Requirements

Ø Mixed numbers will maintain what was indicated above and

the distance between their whole and broken numbers will
be 0.1h, measured to the end of the broken bar.
 2. Technical
Writing

Requirements

Ø The space between two adjacent letters will be optimally

estimated so that the area between them is approximately
equal.
Ø The space between two adjacent words will be that which
would correspond to a module.
Ø In the case of the same text, the space between baselines
must be uniform and will be between 1.3h minimum and 2.0h
 2. Technical
Writing
maximum.
Ø The writings can be made vertically or with an inclination to
the right, forming an angle of 75° with the horizontal.
2. Technical
Writing
2. Technical
Writing
2. Technical
Writing
2. Technical
Writing
EN
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