PROCEDURAL MANUAL

CAREER: PRACTICE: 2
AUTOMOTIVE MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
EQUIPMENT: CHAIR OR RELATED REVISION NO: 1
 SUBJECT

Responsible/Team: GASOLINE INJECTION EDITION: 1

Eng. Paul Narváez/
Accessories:

TEACHER: NUMBER OF STUDENTS PER Date:

TEAM OR PRACTICE: 4

1. Topic: Test sensors with the multimeter.

2. Goals
2.1 General Objective
 Know in a practical way the use of the multimeter in the diagnosis of gasoline injection
systems.

2.2 Specific objectives

 Identify the location and type of sensors that are part of the electronic control system
 Understand how sensors work
 Perform stress tests on sensors
 Determine the consequences or symptoms that cause the sensors to malfunction.
 Issue a diagnostic of the operating status

3. Theoretical support
One part of the electronic control system are the sensors. These are all the elements that send
electrical signals to the control center, providing information on the operation of the engine.
Sensors are transducers, that is, they transform physical quantities (such as temperature,
pressure, revolutions, etc.) into electrical signals.
Among the sensors that we can find, we have the following:

• Intake air temperature (IAT)

• Coolant temperature (ECT)
• Crankshaft position (CKP)
• Camshaft position (CMP, CID)
• Oxygen sensor (O2S, HO2S)
• Crankshaft knocking or knocking (KS)
• Throttle position (TPS)
• Vehicle speed (VSS)
• Cylinder head temperature (CHT)
• Mass air (MAF)
• Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
• Atmospheric pressure (P-baro)
It is important to be clear about the operation of the different sensors, as well as the test
procedures; thus achieving an accurate diagnosis of operation, and in this way avoiding damage
 to the sensors, damage to the equipment, and being able to detect faults in the shortest possible
time.

4. Resources (Accessories and Consumables):

4.1 Tools and equipment:
 Basic set of hand tools (wrenches, sockets, screwdrivers, etc.)
4.2 Materials and supplies:
 Flannel
 Expendable Material
4.3 Teaching materials:
 Vehicles (provided by the students themselves)
 Manuals
 Technical data.
 Teaching models
4.4 Safety equipment:
 Fuel extinguishers
 Overalls (for each student)
 Safety glasses
4.5 Required Materials
 automotive multimeter
 Vacuum pump

5. Procedure:
5.1 Activity 1: ECT sensor function test
5.1.1 Check the power supply to the sensor:
a. Disconnect the sensor
b. Turn the ignition switch to “ON”, with the engine off.
c. Place the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the power terminal of the sensor
f. Check the voltage value and check with that established by the manufacturer.

Fig. 1: ECT Power Test

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.1.2 Sensor mass check

a. Connect the sensor.
 b. Turn the ignition switch to the “ON” position, and turn off the engine.
c. Set the multimeter to the function to measure millivolts.
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the negative terminal of the sensor.
f. Check reading value

Fig. 2: Checking the sensor masses.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.1.3 Sensor signal check

a. Verify that the sensor is connected.
b. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
c. Place the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
d. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the terminal where the sensor power was
initially measured and start the engine.
e. Observe the reading. Check that the voltage decreases as the engine warms up. Compare
the voltage values with those indicated by the manufacturer

Fig. 3: Checking the signal.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.1.4 Specific tests

a. Disconnect the sensor
 b. Place the multimeter in the resistance measurement position and measure the resistance
between the connection terminals.
c. Vary the temperature and observe the resistance variation and compare it with the
manufacturer's data

.
Fig. 4: Checking the resistance
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.
d. Check the insulation of the two terminals with respect to the motor casing.

Fig. 5: Insulation check.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.2 Activity 2: IAT sensor function test

NOTE
The procedures below apply when the IAT sensor is mounted independently on the
air intake .
 Fig. 6: Location of the IAT.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Carry out the same tests as those carried out for the ECT sensor, since its electrical
connection with the control center is the same, on the other hand it works in the same way
as the ECT sensor, in terms of the behavior of the voltage signal and its resistance.
internal.
b. Verify the values obtained with those indicated by the manufacturer

5.3 Activity 3: TPS sensor function test

5.3.1 Check the power supply to the sensor

Fig. 7: TPS power supply.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Verify that the sensor is connected correctly

b. Place the ignition switch in the “ON” position, with the engine off.
c. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
d. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the power terminal of the sensor.
e. Put the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
f. Check the voltage value with that indicated by the manufacturer

5.3.2 Check the sensor ground

 Fig. 8: Checking the TPS ground.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check the correct connection of the sensor

b. Turn the ignition switch to the “ON” position, with the engine off.
c. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
d. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the ground terminal of the sensor
e. Put the multimeter in the function to measure millivolts
f. Check reading value and compare with that recommended by the manufacturer

5.3.3 Sensor signal check

WARNING
Before performing the test, you must verify that the position of the sensor has not
been adjusting screws and that the accelerator cable is correctly mounted.

a. Check the correct connection of the sensor

b. Place the ignition switch in the “ON” position, and turn off the engine.
c. Connect the negative cable of the multimeter to a good ground.
d. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the signal terminal of the sensor
e. Gradually open the throttle valve.
f. Check the signal behavior and compare with the values recommended by the manufacturer

Fig. 8: TPS signal check.

 Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.3.4 Checking the idle switch signal

a. Check that the sensor is correctly connected
b. Starting the engine
c. Put the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the signal terminal of the sensor idle switch
f. Check the voltage signal with the engine at idle, and then check the signal when opening
the throttle.

Fig. 9: Checking the TPS idle switch.

Fountain. PRACTICE GUIDES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.3.5 Specific tests

a. Disconnect the sensor
b. Verify that the resistance between the sensor signal terminal and the sensor power
terminal varies according to the opening of the throttle valve.

Fig. 10: Resistance test between the signal and power terminals of the TPS.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

c. Verify that the resistance between the sensor signal terminal and the sensor ground
terminal varies according to the opening of the throttle valve.
Fig. 11: Checking resistance variation between the signal and ground terminals of the TPS.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

d. Check the resistive value between the sensor supply terminal and the sensor ground
terminal, and compare with that indicated by the manufacturer

Fig. 12: Resistance test between the power and ground terminals of the TPS.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

e. Verify between the idle signal terminal and the sensor ground terminal that:
 With the butterfly closed it must provide continuity
 With the throttle open it should provide insulation

Fig. 13: Continuity test between the TPS signal and ground terminals, with throttle
movement.
 Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.4 Activity 4: MAP sensor function test

Warning
It is important to note that resistance tests should not be performed on the
MAP sensor between its terminals, as this may cause internal damage to the
sensor.

5.4.1 Checking the power supply to the sensor

Fig. 14: MAP power check.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check sensor connection

b. Turn the ignition switch to “ON” and turn off the engine.
c. Select the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
d. Connect the multimeter cable to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive wire to the sensor power terminal.
f. Check the voltage value indicated by the manufacturer

5.4.2 Sensor mass check

Fig. 15: MAP ground check.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.
 a. Check sensor connection
b. Place the ignition switch in the “ON” position, and the engine off.
c. Select the multimeter function to measure millivolts
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the ground terminal of the sensor
f. Verify reading value with that indicated by the manufacturer

5.4.3 Sensor signal check

Fig. 16:
Checking the MAP signal.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check the correct electrical connection of the sensor

b. Check the correct vacuum connection of the sensor
c. Place the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the signal lead of the sensor

f. Check the sensor signal in different engine operating states:

• Engine off
• Idling
• Cruise gear
• Sudden acceleration
• Sudden deceleration
g. Verify the values with those indicated by the manufacturer

IMPORTANT
In case when verifying the signal, it shows a stable voltage value, regardless of
the operating state of the motor. It is possible that it is a digital signal MAP, so
you must select the function to measure frequency on the multimeter, and
verify the variable signal

5.4.4 Specific tests

 Fig. 17: Checking the MAP signal generating vacuum.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check the correct electrical connection of the sensor

b. Place the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
c. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground
d. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the signal lead of the sensor
e. Disconnect the sensor vacuum connection and connect a vacuum pump
f. Turn the ignition switch to the “ON” position, with the engine off.
g. Generate different vacuum values with the vacuum pump and verify the behavior of the
signal
h. Verify with the values indicated by the manufacturer.

5.5 Activity 5: MAF sensor function test

5.5.1 Checking the power supply to the sensor
 Fig. 18: MAF signal power supply check.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check sensor connection

b. Turn the ignition switch to “ON” and turn off the engine.
c. Select the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the power terminal of the sensor.
f. Check the voltage value with that indicated by the manufacturer

5.5.2 Sensor mass check

a. Check sensor connection
b. Place the ignition switch in the “ON” position, and turn the engine off.
c. Select the multimeter function to measure millivolts
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the ground terminal of the sensor
f. Verify reading value with that indicated by the manufacturer

5.5.3 Sensor signal check

Fig. 19: Checking the MAF sensor ground.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check the correct electrical connection of the sensor

b. Place the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
c. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground
d. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the signal lead of the sensor
 e. Check the sensor signal in different engine operating states:
 Idling
 cruise gear
 Sudden acceleration
f. Verify the values with those indicated by the manufacturer

Fig. 20: MAF sensor signal check.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

IMPORTANT
In case when verifying the signal, it shows a stable voltage value, regardless of
the operating state of the motor. It is possible that it is a digital signal MAF, so
you must select the function to measure frequency on the multimeter, and
verify the variable signal

Fig. 21: Checking the digital signal of the MAF sensor.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

5.6 Activity 6: Inductive sensor operation test

NOTE
It must be remembered that when the inductive sensor has three connection
cables, the extra cable is a connection of the cable shield with ground.
5.6.1 Sensor signal check

Fig. 22: Checking the inductive signal.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check the correct connection of the sensor

b. Select the function to measure volts (AC) on the multimeter
c. Connect the multimeter cables to the sensor cables
d. Start the engine and check the reading
e. Start the engine and check the reading
f. Compare the measured values with the values indicated by the manufacturer.

5.6.2 Checking the inductor coil

Fig. 23: Checking the resistance of the inductor coil.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Disconnect the sensor

b. Select the function to measure resistance on the multimeter
c. Connect the multimeter leads to the sensor connection terminals
d. Check the resistive value and compare with that specified by the manufacturer
5.7 Activity 7: Functional test of the Hall Effect sensor
5.7.1 Check the power supply to the sensor

Fig. 24:
Hall effect sensor power supply check.
Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check sensor connection

b. Turn the ignition switch to “ON” and turn off the engine.
c. Select the multimeter in the function to measure volts (DC)
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the power terminal of the sensor.
f. Check the voltage value with that indicated by the manufacturer
g.
5.7.2 Sensor mass check

Fig. 25: Checking the ground of the hall effect sensor.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check sensor connection

b. Place the ignition switch in the “ON” position, and the engine off.
c. Select the multimeter function to measure millivolts
d. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground.
e. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the ground terminal of the sensor
f. Verify reading value with that indicated by the manufacturer.
 5.7.3 Sensor signal check

Fig. 26: Hall effect sensor signal check.

Source: PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR THE COURSE OF GASOLINE INJECTION.

a. Check the correct electrical connection of the sensor

b. Place the multimeter in the function to measure frequency
c. Connect the negative lead of the multimeter to a good ground
d. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the signal lead of the sensor
e. Start the engine and observe the reading.
f. Verify the values with those indicated by the manufacturer

6 Results Record:

7 Annexes:

8 Bibliography:
[ 1] ALONSO PEREZ, JOSE MANUEL. “Automotive techniques: fuel injection systems in diesel
engines” International Thomson Editors. Madrid. 2001.
[ 2] CASTRO VICENTE, MIGUEL DE. “Gasoline injection: single-point systems” CEAC Automobile
Library; CEAC Publishing Group. Barcelona. 2002
[ 3] GIL HERMOGENES, Gasoline injection systems, Automobile technical manuals, Ediciones
CEAC, Barcelona 2002, 284 pages.
[ 4] Fuel injection technical manual / Jesús Rueda Santander/ Guayaquil: Diseli Editores, 2010/
4a. ed.
[ 5] Automobile techniques: gasoline injection and anti-pollution devices / José Manuel Alonso
Pérez/ Madrid: Thomson/Paraninfo, 2005/2a. ed.; 4a. reimp.