Redes Informáticas

Nticx

4to “D” Comunicaciones

Delfina Curvelo
Delfina Curvelo

Index
Definition of computer networks
Wireless networks
Wired networks
Types of networks :
LAN
WAN
MAN
CLIENT – SERVER NETWORK
POINT TO POINT NETWORK
 TOPOLOGIES

4th “D” Communications.

Delfina Curvelo

Definition of Computer Networks Return

They are a set of computer equipment and software connected to each other through
physical devices that send and receive electrical impulses, electromagnetic waves or any
other means to transport data, with the purpose of sharing information, resources and
offering services.

As in any communication process, a sender, a message, a medium and a receiver are

required. The main purpose for creating a computer network is to share resources and
information over a distance, ensure the reliability and availability of information, increase the
speed of data transmission and reduce the overall cost of these actions. An example is the
Internet, which is a large network of millions of computers located in different parts of the
planet, basically interconnected to share information and resources.

Wireless networks Return

Advantages of wireless networks:

*There are no physical cables (no cables to tangle).

* They are usually cheaper.

* They allow great mobility within the range of the network (wireless home networks usually
have up to 100 meters from the transmitter base).

* They tend to install more easily.

Disadvantages of wireless networks.

* There are still no accurate studies on the danger (or not) of the radiation used in wireless
networks.

* They can become more insecure, since anyone nearby could access the wireless network.
However, you can add enough security to make them difficult to hack.

Cable Networks Return

4th “D” Communications.

Delfina Curvelo

Advantages:
 *The performance of the connection does not depend on the distance from the
center, and can easily reach the contracted real speeds
 *Very low latency or Ping compared to ADSL. Around 5 to 12 ms compared to +30
ms for ADSL.
 *Overhead information (loss of useful flow)1 less than that of DSL connections.

Disadvantages:
 *service speed may vary depending on the number of people using the service at the
same time. However, this is very rarely a problem and very rarely results in
connection flow losses.
 *Many cable Internet providers prefer to offer Internet access along with cable
television subscriptions. They do this by charging higher rates for the Internet service
only, compared to special rates for both services together, since it costs the same
price to them.

Types of networks Return

LAN: It stands for Local Area Network. A LAN is a network that connects computers
in a relatively small, predetermined area (such as a room, a building, or a collection of
buildings).

WAN: A wide area network, or WAN, is a computer network that spans several
physical locations, providing service to an area, a country, even several continents. It is
any network that unites several local networks, called LANs, so its members are not all
in the same physical location. Many WANs are built by organizations or companies for
their private use, others are installed by Internet Service Providers (ISP) to provide
connection to their customers.

4th “D” Communications.

Delfina Curvelo

MAN: A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) connects several geographically close LANs
(in an area of around fifty kilometers) to each other at high speed. Therefore, a MAN
allows two remote nodes to communicate as if they were part of the same local area
network. A MAN is made up of switches or routers connected to each other with high-
speed connections (usually fiber optic cables).

Point to point network Return

 Used in long range WAN networks

 Routing algorithms are often complex, and error control is performed at
intermediate nodes in addition to the endpoints.
 The stations receive only the messages delivered to them by the network
nodes. These previously identify the receiving station based on the destination
address of the message.
 The connection between the nodes can be made with one or several
transmission systems of different speeds, working in parallel.
 The delays are due to the transit of messages through intermediate nodes.
 The end-to-end connection is made through the intermediate nodes, so it
depends on their reliability.
 Security is inherent in the mesh structure of the network itself in which each
node connects to two or more nodes.
 Cabling costs depend on the number of links between stations. Each node has
at least two interfaces.

4th “D” Communications.

Delfina Curvelo

Client-Server Network Return

 It is the one who initiates requests or requests, therefore they have an active role in
communication (master or master device).
 Wait and receive responses from the server.
 You can usually connect to multiple servers at once.
 Typically interacts directly with end users through a graphical user interface.
 When contracting a network service, you must take into account the connection
speed provided to the client and the type of cable used, for example: copper cable
ranges between 1 ms and 50 ms.
 The recipient of the request sent by the client is known as the server. Their
characteristics are:
 When they start, they wait for client requests to arrive, then they play a passive role
in the communication (slave device).
 Upon receipt of a request, they process it and then send the response to the client.
 They usually accept connections from a large number of clients (in certain cases the
maximum number of requests may be limited).
 It is not often that they interact directly with end users.

TOPOLOGIES Return

Advantages and disadvantages of topologies in general:

ADVANTAGES:
 -Ease of growth of nodes in the network.
 -Simplicity of architecture
 -Requires less wiring than other topologies
DISADVANTAGES:
 -Limited channel length
 -With a single problem in the channel, the size of the network decreases
 -The canal requires that the roads be properly closed
 -Due to collisions between messages, serious losses occur in transmission

4th “D” Communications.

Delfina Curvelo

 -When there is a problem because the network goes down, it is very difficult to
detect its origin

Advantages and disadvantages of different topologies:

Star topologies:
Advantages:
 -The loss of a node does not affect the network
 -Little wiring required

Disadvantages:

 -The breakage of a main cable can cause the failure of the entire network
 -It is often difficult to find a fault in the network

Bus topologies:

Advantages:

 Ease of adding or removing nodes to the network

 Ease of operation

Disadvantages:

 -Network cost is increased by the central device

 -A failure of the central device affects the entire network
 -It is the topology that uses the most wiring.

Mesh Topology

Advantages:

 A failure in the equipment does not affect the rest of the network
 The system offers increased reliability and ease of problem solving

Disadvantages:
 -The system has a high cost, due to the use of a lot of wiring

4th “D” Communications.

Delfina Curvelo

-Ring topology:

Advantages:

 -Can cover long distances

 -They use less wiring than star topologies

Disadvantages:

 -The breakage of a cable or the failure of a node does not affect the entire
network
 -Uses more cable than the bus topology
 -In some types it is necessary to download the entire system to add nodes

Return

4th “D” Communications.