Ans

wer
Key
 Answers
(ii) Adenine, guanine, cytosine, (ii) Genes
Chapter 1 Our Genes thymine (b) (i) 46
3. It helps to understand how genes play the (ii) 23
1.1 Traits and Heredity Unit roles in hereditary diseases, and find ways to (c) Down syndrome
1. (a) traits improve them. 2. (a) Hereditary information
(b) heredity (b) A dominant gene is a gene which
(c) genetics 1.4 Inheritance of Traits shows its effect whenever it is present.
(d) genes 1. (a) Alleles are the forms of a gene that A recessive gene will only show its
(e) fertilization controls a trait. effect in the absence of dominant gene.
(f) zygote (b) (i) Dominant allele and recessive allele (c) (i) Presence of dimples
2. (a) The study of heredity (ii) The dominant allele will show (ii) Presence of dimples
(b) (i) Gregor Mendel its effect when it is present. A (iii) Absence of dimples
(ii) The father of genetics recessive allele will show its effect 3. (a) Abnormal gene or abnormal
(iii) Garden peas in the absence of the dominant chromosomes
(iv) Each parent donates a heredity allele. (b) Green and red
factor to the offspring. 2. (a) An organism that has two same alleles (c) It is a genetic disorder where the blood
for a trait. is unable to clot at a wound. Excessive
1.2 Chromosomes
(b) An organism that has two different bleeding may occur and may result in
1. (a) Chromosomes are the thread-like alleles for a trait. death.
structures in the nucleus cells that (c) (i) Homozygote (d) Sickle-cell disease
carry the genes. (ii) Heterozygote (e) This is a genetic disorder caused by an
(b) During cell division (iii) Homozygote additional chromosome in the cells.
(c) Chromatin
3. (a) Genotype refers to the alleles that an
(d)
individual receives during fertilization
for a trait. Chapter 2 Interdependence among
(b) Phenotype refers to the physical Living Organisms and
appearance of an individual resulting the Environment
from the expression of its genotype.
(c) (i) Homozygous dominant 2.1 Interdependence among Living
(ii) Black hair Organisms
(iii) Heterozygous
1. (a) Population
(iv) Black hair
(e) 46 (b) Ecosystem
(v) Homozygous recessive
2. (a) Diploid number (c) Community
(vi) Brown hair
(b) The pair of chromosomes that is (d) Habitat
(e) Ecology
similar in size and shape 1.5 Genetic Disorders
(c) 39 2. (a) Seaweed, prawns, fish
1. (a) A genetic disorder is caused by abnormal
(d) (i) 39 (b) Plants make food using non-living
genes or chromosomes.
(ii) Haploid number ­materials such as carbon dioxide from
(b) Color-blindness, hemophilia, sickle-cell
3. (a) The fusion of the female gamete and animals. Prawns depend on seaweed
disease, Down syndrome
the male gamete for food, oxygen and shelter. Fish feed
2. (a) His body cannot produce blood clotting on prawns and depend on seaweed for
(b) Gamete: 19 chromosomes materials to stop bleeding.
Zygote: 38 chromosomes oxygen.
(b) He bleeds easily from small cut which
may lead to death.
1.3 DNA and Genes 2.2 Interactions between Living
3. (a) A Down syndrome patient has an extra Organisms
1. (a) Deoxyribonucleic acid chromosome in his body.
(b) Flatter face, slanting eyes, slow learner 1. (a) Mutualism
(b) Chromosomes are made up of DNA. (b) Parasitism
(c) Gene (c) Commensalism
(d) Gene is a length of DNA that Map It Out
(d) Prey-predator
determines a certain characteristic. (e) Competition
1. Gene therapy
2. (a) DNA resembles a twisted ladder.
2. Cloning 2. (a) (i) Competition
Each side of the ladder are made up
3. DNA fingerprinting (ii) The cats are competing for food.
of sugar-phosphate molecules. The
(b) (i) Mutualism
rungs of the ladder are made of paired 4. Genetic engineering
(ii) Nodules provide a place for the
molecules called nitrogen bases. 5. Genetic medicine bacteria to live in. The bacteria
(b)
Nitrogen bases Enrichment Exercises produce nitrate for the plant.
(c) (i) Prey-predator
Objective Questions (ii) The eagle which is the predator
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B catches the chick which is the prey
6. D 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. A for food.
11. D 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B (d) (i) Parasitism
Sugar - phosphate 16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. A (ii) Rafflesia gets its food from the
backbone root of the forest plant (host). The
Subjective Questions plant slowly dies.
(c) (i) 4 1. (a) (i) Fertilization (e) (i) Mutualism

1
 (ii) The hermit crab provides a place (b) 11. C 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B
for the sea anemone to be a­ ttached Snake 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. A 20. D
to and to make its home. It also
Toad
carries the sea anemone wherever Subjective Questions
it goes. The hermit crab catches its Grasshopper
food from among the animals that Grass 1. (a) Prey-predator
move in between the sea anemone. (b) • Controls the size of the population
(c) The animals will have no food to of rabbits
(f) (i) Commensalism
eat and they will all die or migrate • Create a balanced and stable
(ii) The bird nest fern gets to live
somewhere else. environment
higher up in the tree where it can
get sunlight. It makes its own 2.4 Nutrient Cycles (c) • It is bigger in size than the rabbit.
food and gets water from its • It has powerful jaws / sharp teeth /
1. (a) (i) Carbon in the soil sharp claws / good vision
surroundings. The growth of the
(ii)Fossil fuels (d) It can run fast. / Its scope of vision is
bird nest fern does not affect the
(iii)
Combustion wide
tree.
(b) (i) Photosynthesis (e) It does not cause pollution. / It is not
(g) (i) Prey-predator
(ii)The plants reduce the amount of costly. / It does not affect the health of
(ii) The tiger is the predator. It is
carbon in the air as carbon dioxide humans.
eating the deer which is its prey.
by changing it to other form, sugar.
(h) (i) Commensalism 2. (a) • Grass → Snail → Chicken → Snake
(c) Respiration
(ii) Remoras attach themselves to → Eagle
(d) Decomposers break down the organic
the shark. They get to go where • Grass → Grasshopper → Frog →
remains and return the carbon back
the shark goes. The shark is not Snake → Eagle
into nature when they respire.
affected by the presence of the • Grass → Grasshopper → Chicken
remoras. 2. (a) mineral salts, water → Snake → Eagle
(b) the air, photosynthesis • Grass → Caterpillar → Frog →
3. (a) The use of natural interaction between (c) fats, carbohydrates, proteins Snake → Eagle
organisms to destroy an organism (d) transpiration, respiration (b) Chicken and frog
­without upsetting the ecosystem. (e) condenses, clouds (c) The population of frogs will increase.
(b) • Pesticides are chemicals which can
3. (a) (ii) (d) The grass is able to produce its
kill all organisms, including those
(b) (i) own food through the process of
that do not harm us.
(c) (iv) photosynthesis.
• Pesticides can pollute the air and
(d) (iii) (e) They break down dead animal and
water.
plant materials into simpler substances
• Using biological control is much
2.5 Limiting Factors of Population which can be used again by green
cheaper than using pesticides.
Size plants.
(c) • Snakes and owls are introduced into
oil palm plantations to control the 1. The size of a population that occupies an 3. (a) (i) Respiration
rat population (prey-predator). area. (ii) Decomposition / Decaying
• Ichneumon wasps are introduced (iii) Combustion
2. A factor that limits or restricts the number of
into oil palm plantations. The ich- (iv) Photosynthesis
individuals in a population.
neumon wasps lay their eggs in the (b) Carbon dioxide is used to make food. /
3. • Limited resources such as food, water and Oxygen is produced.
caterpillars that feed on the leaves living space
of oil plams. When the eggs hatch, (c) Presence of water, sunlight and
• The increase of their predators. chlorophyll
the larvae will eat the caterpillars • Spread of diseases
(parasitism). • Environmental disasters such as floods,
wildfires, volcano eruptions and tidal Chapter 3 Natural Resources and
2.3 Food Web waves the Environment
1. (a) Plants which can produce food by • Human intervention and pollution
using energy from the Sun. 3.1 Environmental Issues
(b) Animals that eat plants and other 2.6 Biodiversity
1. (a) Air pollution happens when the air
­animals. 1. Biodiversity refers to the diverse species of contains pollutants such as smoke, dirt,
(c) Organisms that ­break down dead plant plants and animals in different ecosystems dust and poisonous gases in harmful
and animal ­materials by converting on Earth. amounts.
them into ­minerals in the soil. (b) (i) Acid rain is formed when gaseous
2. • It provides various biological products that
(d) The food relationship between pollutants from vehicles and
have economical value such as timber,
organisms in an ecosystem. factories dissolve in rainwater.
food, medicines, rubber and organic oils.
2. (a) Producer – Rice plants • It provides many environmental services (ii) It corrodes metals, marble and
Herbivores – Rats and grasshoppers such as pollination, nutrient cycling, stonework. It increases the acidity
(b) Four regulation of the atmospheric composition of rivers and ponds, killing small
(c) The Sun and weather. living things in them.
(d) Rice plants. They supply food directly • It provides food, shelter and other basic (c) (i) Using scrubbers
or indirectly to all the organisms in the needs to all living things. (ii) Installing catalytic converters in
community. vehicles
(e) This is because energy is used for 2. (a) Greenhouse effect
Map It Out
life processes like growing, breathing, (b) Carbon dioxide
reproducing, excreting and moving. 1. Prey-predator 3. Commensalism (c) It traps heat that should be radiated
Therefore, the more organisms involved 2. Symbiosis 4. Mutualism back to space, thus causing the
in a food chain, the more energy will be temperature of the atmosphere to rise.
used up and very little energy will be Enrichment Exercises (d) Deforestation / Burning of fossil fuels
left for the organism at the end of the (e) Trees absorb carbon dioxide during
food chain. Objective Questions
photosynthesis and this helps to reduce
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B the amount of carbon dioxide in the
3. (a) Grass → grasshopper → toad → snake.
6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B atmosphere.

2
3. (a) Cause: Untreated chemical and (c) Many species may move out / Some met and the conditions remain for a
radioactive waste from factories are species may die. long period of time.
released into rivers. (d) • Implementation of laws (b) Soil erosion / Landslides / Extinction of
Effects: Poisons aquatic life, causes • Use of technology to improve the flora and fauna
cancer and other diseases ecosystem (c) (i) Catalytic converters convert
(b) Cause: Excessive pesticides and • Educate the people of the harmful gases into harmless gases
fertilizers from farms are washed away importance of a balanced ecosystem (ii) Bacteria are used to break up the
into the rivers. • Use biological control instead of oil.
Effects: Causes rapid growth of algae and pesticides and herbicides to control (d) • The renewable resources are
lowers the oxygen level in the water. pests inexhaustible.
(c) Cause: Mud and sand from 2. New technology helps us to reduce waste • They are pollution free.
deforestation and construction sites are by recycling aluminum cans, glass and
washed into the rivers. newspaper. Besides reducing wastes, it also
Effects: Water becomes brown and reduces the demand for raw materials, thus Chapter 4 Forces and Motion
muddy. Rivers become shallow. reducing mining and deforestation.
(d) Cause: Oil spills from tankers into the
With new technology, cars using solar energy 4.1 Acceleration
seas.
instead of fossil fuels are invented. This
Effects: Kills seabirds and marine life. 1. (a) Acceleration is the rate of change of
reduces the demands for fossil fuel, thus
4. • Implement laws to discourage people from reducing mining and air pollution. velocity.
discharging waste materials into drains, Change in velocity
rivers and seas. 3. The public will understand the importance of the (b) Acceleration =
ecosystem and the ways to maintain a balanced Time
• Conduct public awareness campaigns
ecosystem. They know the consequences of
on the importance of conserving and (i) Acceleration = 24 – 6
2. (a)
preserving water. unbalanced ecosystem. Therefore they will 6
• Treat sewage before releasing it into rivers work toward maintaining one. = 3 m s–2
and seas. (ii) The velocity of the bus increases
Map It Out by 3 m s–1 every second.
3.2 Natural Resources
A 1. Air pollution (b) (i) Acceleration = 8 – 18
1. (a) Natural resources are useful materials 5
that are found in nature. 2. Land pollution = –2 m s–2
(b) Renewable natural resources and non- 3. Water pollution (ii) The velocity of the motorcycle
renewable natural resources B 1. Renewable natural resources decreases by 2 m s–1 every second.
2. (a) Forest, animal, air, water 2. Water 3. (a)Newton’s Second Law of Motion says
(b) Coal, petroleum, metal, mineral 3. Air that when a resultant force acts on an
4. Plants object, the acceleration of the object
3. (a) Fossil fuels are the remains of plants 5. Animals
and animals that are turned into fuels is directly proportional to the resultant
6. Non-renewable natural resources force and has a magnitude that is
by the great heat and pressure in the 7. Minerals
Earth. Examples: Coal and petroleum. inversely proportional to its mass.
(b) Fossil fuels are non-renewable Enrichment Exercises (b) Resultant force = Mass of the object ×
resources that are limited and cannot Acceleration of the object
be replaced quickly by the natural Objective Questions 4. (a) 6 N
processes. (b) To the left
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A (c) F = ma
(c) By using other renewable resources
6. D 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C F
such as solar energy, wind energy and a=
11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C m
wave energy.
16. D 17. A 18. D 19. A 6
4. (a) Reduce, reuse and recycle =
60
(b) • Reuse unwanted things to make Subjective Questions
other useful things such as = 0.1 m s–2
unwanted pail into a flower pot 1. (a) (i) Carbon monoxide prevents blood 5. (a) F = ma
• Reduce the use of plastic bags by from carrying oxygen and it can = 10 × 2
using cloth bags that can be used cause death. = 20 N
over a time (ii) Carbon dioxide (b) Resultant force = F1 – frictional force
• Recycle aluminum cans, bottles and (iii) It causes global warming. F1 = 20 + 8
newspaper (b) (i) Chlorofluorocarbons = 28 N
(ii) It depletes the ozone layer.
5. (a) Moderation, reasonableness and self- v–u
2. (a) (i) Renewable resources are natural (c) a =
immunity t
(b) Knowledge and virtues resources that are replaceable by v = at + u
(c) We can plant our own forest. We can ongoing natural processes. = (2 × 8) + 0
use these trees to build our houses. (ii) Forest / Air/ Animals / Water = 16 m s–1
The trees should be chosen wisely to (b) (i) Non-renewable resources are 6. (a) The weight of an object is the force of
avoid wastage. Replanting the trees natural resources that are gravity which acts on the object.
should be done to sustain our forest. available in limited amount and (b) Weight = mass × force of gravity
are not quickly replaced by natural = 990 × 9.8
3.3 Ecosystem and Balance processes. = 9702 N
1. (a) The equilibrium that exists when the (ii) Coal /Petroleum / Metal /Minerals
needs of all living things are being met
4.2 Action and Reaction Forces
(c) Use less non-renewable resources /
and the conditions remain the same for Use renewable resources / Recycle 1. Newton’s Third Law of Motion states that
a long period of time. (d) Wind turns the windmills to generate when an object exerts a force on a second
(b) Changes to the living things / Changes electricity. object, the second object exerts a force of
to climate / Changes to the physical equal magnitude but opposite in direction on
features 3. (a) The equilibrium state that exists when
the first object.
the needs of all living things are being

3
 2. (a) (d) Kinetic friction (b) (i) 9 N
Reaction (ii) 8.5 N
force 4.5 Moment of Force (iii) 50 cm3
(iv) 0.5 N
1. Moment of force is the measure of the ability
(c) The apparent loss of weight of the
of a force to turn or rotate an object that it
Action object immersed in water is equal to
acts on.
force the weight of the water displaced.
2. (a) Clockwise moment:
3. (a) Moment of force is a measure of the
100 N × 60 m ability of a force to turn or rotate an
= 6 000 Nm object on which it acts on.
(b) Reaction force Anti-clockwise moment: (b) Anti-clockwise moment
Action force
150 N × 40 m = 20 N × 6 m
Bullet = 6 000 Nm = 120 Nm
Clockwise moment
The lever is balanced.
= (6 N × 4 m) + (8 N × 12 m)
(b) Clockwise moment:
= 24 Nm + 96 Nm
(30 N × 20 cm) + [30 N × (20 + 60) cm]
(c) Reaction force = 120 Nm
Action force = (30 N × 0.2 m) + (30 × 0.8 m)
The lever is balanced.
= 30 Nm
(c) Anti-clockwise moment = Clockwise
Anti-clockwise moment:
moment
80 N × 30 cm = 80 N × 0.3 m
80 N × X m = 60 N × 40 m
= 24 Nm
2400
4.3 Buoyant Forces and Liquid The lever is not balanced. X =
80
1. Buoyant force is an upward force which acts 3. Clockwise moment = Anti-clockwise moment = 30 m
on an object that is being completely or (0.8 – X) × 20 = X × 12
partially immersed in a fluid. 16 – 20X = 12X
Chapter 5 Energy Changes
2. It states that the buoyant force acting on a 32 X = 16
completely or partially immersed object is X = 0.5 m
5.1 Forms of Energy
equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. 4.6 Motions of Objects 1. (a) (i) work
3. (a) 8 N
1. (a) Linear motion (ii) joule
(b) 7.5 N
(c) 8 N – 7.5 N = 0.5 N (b) Projectile motion (b) matter
(d) 0.5 N (c) Circular motion (c) different
4. (a) The buoyant force that acts on the boat (d) potential
is equal to the weight of the boat. Map It Out (e) kinetic
(b) The weight of the anchor is more than (f) heat
A 1. Static friction
the maximum buoyant force acting on (g) sound
it. 2. Kinetic friction
(h) chemical
5. (a) opened B 1. Linear motion
(i) nuclear
(b) air 2. Circular motion
2. (a) Chemical energy
(c) sea water
(d) greater Enrichment Exercises (b) Sound energy
(e) air (c) Heat energy
Objective Questions
(f) sea water (d) Potential energy
(g) less 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B (e) Electrical energy
6. D 7. C 8. C 9. C 10. A (f) Light energy
4.4 Static Friction and Kinetic Friction 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C
(g) Nuclear energy
16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C
1. (a) Friction is a force that stops movement (h) Kinetic energy
of two contacting surfaces and acts in 3. (a) Potential energy
Subjective Questions
the direction that opposes motion.
(b) Potential energy
(b) The surfaces are not smooth. 1. (a) Weight = 9.8 × 200
(c) Chemical energy
2. (a)Static friction acts on two contacting = 1960 N (d) Sound energy
surfaces that are not moving when a (b) F = ma
(e) Kinetic energy
force is applied. a = F (f) Electrical energy
(b) Kinetic friction acts on two contacting m
surfaces that are moving when a force 400
= 5.2 Energy Changes
is applied. 200
(c) Static friction = 2 m s–2
1. Energy can change from one form to another,
v–u
3. (a) a = (c) a = v – u but it cannot be destroyed or created.
t t
8–0 2. (a) Chemical energy → Kinetic energy →
10 – 0 = Sound energy
= 10
10 (b) Potential energy → Kinetic energy
= 1 m s–2 = 0.8 m s–2
(c) Chemical energy → Heat energy +
(b) F = ma F = ma Light energy
= 1000 × 1 = 200 × 0.8 (d) Chemical energy → Electrical energy →
= 1000 N = 160 N Light energy + Heat energy
(c) Resultant force = Applied force – (e) Electrical energy → Light energy +
2. (a) For a complete or partially immersed
friction Sound energy
object in a fluid, the buoyant force
Friction = Applied force – resultant force
acting on the object is equal to the 3. (a) Potential energy
= 3000 N – 1000 N
weight of the fluid it displaced. (b) Potential energy + Kinetic energy
= 2000 N

4
 (c) Potential energy 2. (a) The rate of flowing electrical charges.
(d) V
(d) Sound energy + Heat energy (b) The difference in electrical potential
4. (a) Potential energy. This is because position energy. (e) Galvanometer
P is the highest point. (c) The measure of how an electrical (f) Variable resistor
(b) Potential energy to kinetic energy component resists current flow.
2. (a)
(c) Kinetic energy. This is due to its velocity 3. (a) electrical energy
and position R is the lowest point. (b) negative A
5. (a) (i) Its potential energy is the greatest as (c) positive
it is at the highest point. It does not (d) positive
have any kinetic energy as it is not (e) negative
moving.
(ii) Its kinetic energy is the greatest as 6.2 Measuring Electricity
its velocity is the greatest and it is 1. (a) X : Voltmeter V
at the lowest point. Y : Ammeter
(iii) Its potential energy is the greatest (b) X : Voltage; volt or
as it is at the highest point. It does Y : Current; ampere
not have any kinetic energy as it is
2. A
not moving. Battery
(b) (i) Potential energy to kinetic energy
(ii) Kinetic energy to potential energy V
A
Bulb
Map It Out
Ammeter
1. Kinetic energy V

2. Chemical energy
3. Nuclear energy (b)
Voltmeter
4. Heat energy
5. Electrical energy A
6. Potential energy 6.3 Current, Voltage and Resistance

Enrichment Exercises 1. (a) (i) Resistance

(ii) Current
Objective Questions (iii) Voltage V
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C (b)
6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D Voltage, V
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. A 6.5 Current, Voltage and Resistance
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. A in a Series Circuit
6
1. (a) Series circuit
Subjective Questions
(b) V3 = 3 V, V4 = 3 V
1. (a) (i) Energy is the ability to do work. 4 (c) The current of a series circuit is the
(ii) Joule same at every point and all the bulbs
(b) (i) The greater the speed of a moving are the same.
object, the greater is its kinetic 2 (d) The others are also not working
energy. because the circuit is broken.
(ii) The larger the mass of a moving 2. (a) the same
object, the larger is its kinetic 0
1 2 3 Current, I (b) I1 = I2
energy.
(c) • Mass of the object (c) R1 + R2 + R3
(c) Current is directly proportional to
• Height of the object above the voltage. (d) V1 + V2 + V3
ground (e) adding more
• Strength of the gravitational force 2. (f) fail too
Resistor
on the object
6.6 Current, Voltage and Resistance
2. (a) Energy can be changed from one form
in a Parallel Circuit
to another, but it cannot be destroyed
or created. A 1. (a) 12 V
Ammeter
(b) Chemical energy → Kinetic energy → (b) A1 = 2.4 A A2 = 1.2 A
Electrical energy → Light energy + heat (c) 3.6 A
energy 2. (a) (i) Parallel circuit
(c) Chemical energy → Electrical energy → Battery (ii) Series circuit
Light energy + Heat energy (b) (i) The other bulbs are working.
3. (a) (i) L 3. (a) (i) current (ii) The other bulbs are not working.
(ii) P (ii) proportional (c) P
(b) (i) Kinetic energy and potential energy (iii) voltage (d) In circuit Q, the bulbs share the voltage
(ii) Kinetic energy and sound energy (b) V = I × R of 240 V. So each bulb glows dimly. In
(c) 200 J circuit P, each bulb gets the full voltage
6.4 Parallel and Series Circuit of 240 V. So each bulb glows brightly.
Chapter 6 Electricity 1. (a) A
6.7 Electronic Circuits
(b) Dry cells
6.1 Electricity 1. (a) electronic circuits
(c) Bulb (b) computers
1. (a) Electricity is a form of energy.
(b) Battery, solar cell (c) amplifiers

5
 2. (a) (i) Variable resistor 4. V = V1 + V2 called meteor. A meteorite is a meteor
(ii) To control the voltage in the c­ ircuit. 5. V = V1 = V2 that has fallen on Earth.
(b) (i) Diode 6. R = R1 + R2 2. (a) Asteroid belt
(ii) To control the flow of current in (b) Asteroid belt is made up of lumps
one direction only in the circuit. 7. 1 = 1 + 1
R R1 R2 of rocks orbiting between Mars and
3. It contains many complete circuits with Jupiter.
transistors, diodes and other components on Enrichment Exercises 3. (a) Comets are made up of dust and rocks
a tiny silicon chip. mixed with frozen water, methane and
Objective Questions ammonia.
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. D (b) When a comet’s orbit takes it close to
6.8 Cost of Electrical Energy
6. D 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. A the Sun, the Sun will melt some of its
Electrical energy (J) 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. ice. This creates a hazy cloud millions
1. (a) Power (W) = D D C D C
Time (s) 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. D of kilometres long that looks like a tail.
(b) Power (W) = Voltage (V) × Current (A) 21. C 22. D (c) Halley’s Comet
(c) Electrical energy (J)
Subjective Questions 7.3 Sun
= Power (W) × Time (s)
1. (a) X : Ammeter to measure the current. 1. (a) Photosphere
2. (a) Energy used = power × time
Y : Voltmeter to measure the voltage. (b) Chromosphere
460 W 500
= × hour (b) The bulb with the resistance of 4 Ω will (c) Corona
1000 60
not be affected but the bulb with the (d) Inner core
= 3.83 kWh (e) Solar flares
resistance of 3 Ω will not light up.
(b) Cost of energy used (f) Sunspot
1 1 1
= 3.833 kW × 2 Baht (c) = + (g) Prominence
R 4 (3 + 1)
= 7.67 Baht 1 2. (a) Solar flares
=
2 (b) Sunspots
3. (a) Energy used by kettle
30 R = 2Ω (c) Prominence
= 1 kW × hour
60 V = IR 3. (a) hydrogen, helium
= 0.5 kWh 3
I = A (b) heat, light
Energy used by fan 2 (c) hydrogen
= 1.5 A (d) nuclear fusion
= 150 kW × 8
1000 660 W (e) 5000 million
= 1.2 kWh 2. (a) Current =
220 V
Energy used by 4 bulbs =3A 7.4 Stars and Galaxies
(b) 4 A
= 4 × 100 × 6 1. (a) A constellation is a group of stars with
1000 (c) A slightly higher rating fuse should be
a pattern of an animal or a familiar
= 2.4 kWh used. So if there is a fault, the fuse will
object.
blow and break the circuit.
Total of energy used in a day (b) (i) Orion
= 0.5 + 1.2 + 2.4 (ii)
= 4.1 kWh Chapter 7 Solar System, Stars and
Total of energy used in a month Galaxies
= 4.1 × 30
= 123 kWh 7.1 Planets
(b) Cost of energy used 1. (a) Mercury
= (100 × 2 Baht) + (23 × 3 Baht) (b) Venus
= 269 Baht (c) Earth
(d) Mars
(c) A star map is used to locate the
6.9 Importance of Safety Precautions (e) Jupiter
position of the stars and constellations
in the Use of Electricity (f) Saturn
in the sky.
1. (a) hot and melts, rating, blows, damage. (g) Uranus
(b) Earth wires, two-pin, live, neutral. (h) Neptune 2. (a) 6
(c) leakage, 30 mA, switch off. 2. (a) A planatery system is a group of (b) 2
(d) safety device, short circuit, current, cut planets and moons which travel around (c) 3
off. a star. (d) 4
(e) 1
2. (a) (i) Do not touch switches or electrical (b) Jupiter
(c) The further the planet from the Sun, the (f) 5
appliances with wet hands.
(ii) Do not connect too many electrical longer the duration it takes to complete 3. (a) A red giant is formed.
appliances to one source. one orbit. (b) A white dwarf is formed.
(iii) Do not try to put things other than (d) Its surface is covered with iron oxide (c) A black dwarf is formed.
a plug into a socket. which is reddish in color. (d) A red giant is formed.
(b) (i) Damaged insulation. (e) A red supergiant is formed.
(ii) Overheating of cables. 7.2 Asteroids, Comets and Meteoroids (f) Supernova explosion.
(iii) Damp conditions. (g) A neutron star is formed.
(c) The safety features help prevent fires, 1. (a) Asteroids are small rocks that orbit the (h) A black hole is formed.
electrocutions and electric shocks. Sun.
(b) Most asteroids are located between the 4. (a) Elliptical galaxy
orbits of Mars and Jupiter. (b) Spiral galaxy
Map It Out
(c) Meteoroid is a lump of dust, rocks and (c) Irregular-shaped galaxy
1. Both are complete, closed circuits. metals in the Solar System. When it (d) M87, NGC147
2. I = I1 =I2 enters Earth’s atmosphere, it usually (e) Milky Way, Andromeda
burns up. The trail of glowing vapor is (f) Large Magellanic Cloud, Small
3. I = I1 + I2
Magellanic Cloud

6
 7.5 Existence of the Universe 6. Neutron star
Chapter 8 Space Exploration
7. Very large star
1. (a) There are thousands of galaxies in the
8. Red giant
Universe. 8.1 Astronomy and Space
9. Red supergiant
(b) The Sun gives out light. Exploration
The Sun gives out warmth. 10. Supernova
1. (a) The scientific study of stars and
Green plants use sunlight during A 1. Eclipse
planets.
photosynthesis to produce food. 2. Day and night (b) The area outside the Earth’s
(c) The galaxies keep on expanding 3. Seasons atmosphere.
outward from their boundaries and new
galaxies are formed in space.
4. Lunar eclipse 2. (a) Galileo Galilei
Enrichment Exercises (b) Hans Lippershey
7.6 Sun-Earth-Moon (c) Yuri Gagarin
Objective Questions (d) Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin
1. (a) Summer, autumn, winter, spring
(b) The Earth rotates around the Sun. The 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 3. (a) Robert Goddard
Earth is tilted. 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C (b) Soviet Union
(c) P : Spring 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D (c) Sputnik II
Q : Summer 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C (d) Apollo II
R : Autumn 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. C (e) space shuttle
S : Winter 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. B 4. (a) To monitor the weather.
(d) Q : Winter (b) To spy on enemy troop movements and
Subjective Questions
S : Summer manoeuvres.
(e) Thailand is situated near the Equator. 1. (a) Solar flares (c) To receive and transmit radio, television
(b) Radio and television programme and telephone signals.
2. (a) Eclipse of the Sun or solar eclipse
reception (d) To give the location of ships, aircraft or
(b) The shadow of the Moon falls on the
(c) (i) Prominence people.
Earth, blocking the Sun.
(c) Y : Partial eclipse (ii) During a solar eclipse
Z : Total eclipse (d) (i) About 150 million kilometres Map It Out
(d) (i) Eclipse of the Moon or lunar (ii) Light years
(e) The Earth is about 110 times smaller 1. Communication
eclipse
(ii) The shadow of the Earth falls than the Sun. 2. Weather forecasting
on the Moon, making the Moon 2. (a) When all the hydrogen in its core is 3. Remote sensing
disappear from our view for a few used up. 4. Military purposes
hours. (b) The nuclear reactions that release heat
(iii) Night-time and occur at the core stop. Enrichment Exercises
(c) A supernova explosion
3. (a) Tides are the alternate rising and falling (d) (i) A black hole or a neutron star
of the ocean in a day. Objective Questions
(ii) A black dwarf
(b) The gravitational force of the Moon 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D
(e) New stars and galaxies are constantly
pulls the water body toward it. 6. B 7. A 8. B
being formed.
(c) (i) The Sun, Moon and Earth are in a
line. The gravitational force of the 3. (a) The Moon reflects the light from the Subjective Questions
Sun and Moon are combined to Sun.
(b) (i) We see different areas of the Moon 1. (a) An unmanned spacecraft usually sent
give those effects. to explore other planets.
(ii) Spring-tides surface that are lit up when it
moves around the Earth. (b) A probe can carry out simple tasks
(d) The tides influence navigation, fishing such as collecting soil samples and can
and water-related sport activities. (ii) Phases of the Moon
(c) M : Old Half Moon move over a planet’s surface. A satellite
N : Old Cresent Moon is launched into space and orbits the
Map It Out O : New Moon Earth.
P : New Cresent Moon (c) Both can take photographs and
A 1. Medium-sized star transmit information back to Earth.
Q : New Half Moon
2. Red giant (d) Intelsat
R : New Gibbous Moon
3. Large star S : Full Moon 2. (a) To send astronauts and equipments to
4. Red supergiant T : Old Gibbous Moon space.
5. Supernova (d) 29.5 days (b) A rocket can only be used once,
whereas a space shuttle can be reused.
(c) Discovery
(d) The United States of America
(e) Russia and United States of America