Title: Introduction to Discrete Probability

Slide 1: Introduction
- Discrete probability deals with events where outcomes are countable.
- It helps us understand the likelihood of each possible outcome.
It's useful in various fields like statistics, gambling, and decision-making.

Slide 2: Basic Concepts

- **Sample Space**: Set of all possible outcomes. S
- **Event**: Subset of the sample space. E
- **Probability**: Likelihood of an event occurring, denoted by P(event).

Slide 3: Calculating Probability

- Formula: P(event) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes.
- Example: Probability of rolling a 4 on a fair six-sided die.
- Favorable outcomes: 1 (rolling a 4)
- Total outcomes: 6
- P(rolling a 4) = 1/6 ≈ 0.167

Slide 4: Examples
1. Coin Toss:
- Sample Space: {Heads, Tails}
- P(Heads) = 1/2, P(Tails) = 1/2

2. Rolling a Fair Die:

- Sample Space: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
- P(rolling an even number) = 3/6 = 1/2

3. Drawing Cards:
- Sample Space: 52 cards in a standard deck
- P(drawing a heart) = 13/52 = 1/4

Slide 5: Properties of Probability

- Probabilities range from 0 to 1.
- The sum of probabilities of all possible outcomes in a sample space is 1.
- Example: Rolling a fair six-sided die.
- P(rolling any number) = 1 (since one of the numbers is guaranteed to occur)

Slide 6: Conclusion
- Discrete probability helps us understand the likelihood of events with countable outcomes.
- It's useful in various fields like statistics, gambling, and decision-making.
- Practice with different examples to master the concept!

Slide 7: Q&A
- Open the floor for questions and clarifications.
To understand more about getting the Sample Space and Events, lets have this
example.

1. Tom tosses two fair coins. What is the probability of getting exactly one head?

Sample Space are the possible outcomes so the sample space in the problem is HT,
HH, TT, and TH. We can see that we have 4 total possible outcomes or sample space.

Events are the favorable outcomes or the probability that was asked to find in the
problem. In the problem we can see that we are ask to find outcomes that are
getting exactly one head. We can choose to the Sample Space which has one head
only and we have HT, TH. We have now 2 favorable outcomes.

With the same problem, lets try to understand now how to solve discrete
probability. We have a formula which is Probability is equal to Number of favorable
outcomes or what we called Events over total number of outcomes or the Sample
Space.

We can conclude to the last slide that the given are 4 Sample Space and 2 Events.
Just simply divide the events over the Sample Space. Which 2 over 4 or 1/2 in lowest
term.

Our second example is Luna is rolling a fair six sided dice. What is the probability of
Luna getting 4?

In the event we are asked to get 4 in the six sided dice and we can only see once 4 in
the dice so our event is 1.

In the Sample Space are the possible outcomes of a six sided dice, which we can
have 1 to 6 and our total Sample Space is 6.

Just simply divide it to find the probability of getting 4 in six sided dice. Event over
Sample Space which derived in 1 over 6.

Our third example, A jar has 10 coloured balls. What is the probability of picking a
yellow ball or a red ball?

We can see in the given figure that we have 4 yellow and 1 red. Just simply add the 2
color and we can have 5 events.

In finding the sample space just simply count all the balls inside the jar. We have 3
blue, 4 yellow, 2 green and 1 red. We have total of 10 sample space.

Just simply divide the events and sample space to find the probability. We have 5
over 10 or 1/2 in lowest term.
Good morning Sir Ariel and Good morning classmates

Before we proceed our group presentation, kindly react like if my audio is clear and
audible. Thank you so much

So our topic for today is all about conversion of octal to binary

But before we proceed to our main discussion let us first have a quick ice breaker
and this will also served as a review on our past lessons.

We have 3 steps to play this game the first is

Look and analyze the questions.

Identify what method you will used.
Comment your answer in the chat box.

So lets start the game, the question no.1 is Convert 1010101101001 into
Hexadecimal. I think someone got the correct answer na. The correct answer is 1569
and … got the correct answer.

the question no.2 is Convert 1A3F into Binary. I think someone got the correct
answer na. The correct answer is 0001101000111111 and … got the correct answer.

the question no.3 is Convert 0110011 into Octal. Remember that each octal has only
3 bits. I think someone got the correct answer na. The correct answer is 63 and …
got the correct answer.

the question no.4 is Convert 5123 base of 8 into Hexadecimal . I think someone got
the correct answer na. The correct answer is a53 base 16 and … got the correct
answer.

the last question is Convert 345 base 8 into Hexadecimal . I think someone got the
correct answer na. The correct answer is 0E5 base 16 and … got the correct answer.
Thank you so much to your participation

So lets start our discussion about conversion of octal to binary

But first let us define first what is octal? Octal is a 8 base system because it use 0 to 7
to represents in a number system. Some examples are 112 in the base 8 system,
1007 octal , 776 octal.

Reminder that using 8 and 9 in octal is not valid because as we discuss a while ago
octal is just represents 0 to 7.

Next what is Binary? Binary system just uses 2 number which is 0 and 1. In short it is
2 base system. Some examples are 0011 base 2, 111101 base 2 and 101010 base 2.
Remember that each octal is equivalent to 3 binary.

We can see in the first example it has only one octal which is 7 and its binary has 3
digits which is equal to 111.

In the second example we can see we have 2 octal which is 11 and it has 6 binary
digit which is 001 011.

In the last example we have 3 octal which is 234 and it has 9 binary bits which is 010
011 100.

Lets proceed now to the conversion of octal to binary.

GROUP 5
1. Convert the octal number 301 to binary.
2. Convert the octal number 700 to binary.
3. Convert the octal number 12345 to binary.
4. Convert to octal number 7654 to binary.
5. Convert the octal number 2061 to binary.

ANSWERS:
1. 11000001
2. 111000000
3. 1010011100101
4. 111110101100
5. 10000110001