UNIVERSITY

INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS TECHNOLOGY

FROM PERU

PRACTICE Nº 4
INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS

I. GOALS

• Identify important properties of some elements of the periodic table.

• Carry out the preparation of chemical functions from free elements and identify the
most important characteristics of the products.

II. THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES

INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS:

Inorganic compounds are classified into:

• Basic Oxides
• Acid Oxides
• Hydroxides or Bases
• Oxygenated Acids or Oxacids
• Hydracids
• You go out
Note: the methods explained below to obtain the different classes of substances are not
the only ones, but they are the most representative.

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INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS TECHNOLOGY
FROM PERU

❖ OXIDES
All oxide is obtained from the reaction between oxygen and another element.
Types of Oxides

1. BASIC OXIDES , the element that reacts with oxygen is a metal .

METAL + OXYGEN ^ BASIC OXIDE

2. ACID OXIDES, the element that reacts with oxygen is a non-metal.

NON-METAL + OXYGEN ^ ACID OXIDE

❖ HYDROXIDE or BASE
A HYDROXIDE or BASE is obtained from the reaction between the basic oxide and
water.

BASIC OXIDE + WATER ^ HYDROXIDE or BASE

❖ OXYGENATED ACIDS or OXOACIDS

An OXYGENATED ACID is obtained from the reaction between acid oxide and water.

ACID OXIDE + WATER ^ OXYGENATED ACID or OXOACID

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INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS TECHNOLOGY
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❖ HYDRACIDS
First, NON-METALLIC HYDRIDE is obtained from the reaction between hydrogen and a non-
metal. The hydrides that can subsequently form a hydracid are those obtained from the
following elements: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Sulfur.

HALOGEN or SULFUR + HYDROGEN ^ NON-METALLIC HYDRIDE

Each of the non-metallic hydrides obtained is dissolved in water to transform into the
corresponding Hydride:

Gaseous Product Dissolved in water

Hydrogen Fluoride Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrogen chloride Hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen Bromide Hydrobromic acid
Hydrogen Iodide Hydroiodic Acid
Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide
YOU GO OUT

A SALT is obtained from the reaction between an acid and a hydroxide, the acid being
oxygenated (oxacid) or non-oxygenated (hydracid).

ACID + HYDROXIDE ^ SALT + WATER

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

a) Materials:
- test tubes
- beaker – 50 ml.
- piceta
- rack
- clock moon
- erlenmeyer flask
- Bunsen burner
- test tube clamp

b) Reagents:
- Phenolphthalein indicator
- magnesium

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 UNIVERSITY
INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS TECHNOLOGY
FROM PERU

- sulfur
- sulfuric acid
- barium hydroxide
- hydrochloric acid
- sodium hydroxide

c) Equipment
- Centrifuge
- Heating Iron

d) Procedure:

1. Preparation of a basic oxide and hydroxide.

♦ Using tweezers, place a piece of magnesium tape in the non-luminous flame of a Bunsen
burner, be calm about the luminosity given off and carefully drop the residue obtained into
a clean test tube. Observe the features of the product and write down.

♦ Then add approximately 2 milliliters of distilled water and shake the test tube gently until
as much of the solid is dissolved.

♦ Add two drops of phenolphthalein to the solution and note any changes. What compound
did you obtain?

2. Preparation of an acid oxide and an oxacid acid

♦ Place a piece of sulfur in a combustion spoon, heat it slightly until gas (anhydride) is
released.

♦ Immediately introduce the teaspoon into a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask, trying to preserve as
much of the gas formed as possible. 4

♦ Then quickly add approximately 40 ml of distilled water, cover and shake the container.
♦ Test the acidic character of the solution obtained by adding 2 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator. What substance did you obtain?

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INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS TECHNOLOGY
FROM PERU

3. Formation of an oxysalt and a haloid salt:

♦ In a test tube add approx. 1 ml barium hydroxide solution and add diluted sulfuric acid
drop by drop until you notice some turbidity in the solution. Shake lightly and centrifuge.
♦ Identify the precipitate formed (insoluble in water). What name does it have?

♦ In a ppdo glass. add 1 ml of diluted hydrochloric acid and add approximately 1 ml of diluted
sodium hydroxide, shake lightly. A water-soluble salt will have formed.

♦ Heat gently with a tong on the burner until the salt crystals formed crackle. What name do
these crystals have?

IV. RESULTS TABLE

Make the respective tables, write and complete the chemical reactions for each experiment
carried out, according to the following example:

Chemical Equation CO2 + H2O —» H2 CO 3

Color Colorless colorless colorless

State gaseous liquid liquid

Name carbon dioxide water carbonic acid

Chemical Function
acid oxide water oxacid
The CO 2 gas is bubbled into the water until saturated and
then phenolphthalein is added. The acid formed maintains
Observations
its colorless characteristic.

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 UNIVERSITY
INORGANIC CHEMICAL FUNCTIONS TECHNOLOGY
FROM PERU

V. QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What is the difference between inorganic compounds and organic compounds?

2. Make a list of elements that exist as gases at room temperature.

3. What is a complex salt? Experimentally, how would it be obtained?

4. Explain why the formula HCl can represent two different chemical systems.

5. Briefly explain the industrial process of obtaining hydrochloric acid.

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