Cfe Professional Residence

General Directorate of Higher Technological Education
Centla Higher Technological Institute

Head of Career of Lic. In computing and
Eng. in Computer Systems
Final Professional Residency Report
PROJECT:
“IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB SYSTEM FOR MONITORING
DETERMINATION OF VALUES AND OBJECTIVES (DEVO) IN CFE
ZONA VILLAHERMOSA”
Presents
Isaías Samuel Ramírez Sáenz
07E50278
Company:
Federal Electricity Commission (CFE)
External consultant:
Eng. Luis Armando Figueroa Camacho
Internal Advisor:
MGTI. Edgar Martín Lorca Velueta
Period: August 2011 – January 2012

INTRODUCTION
Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) is to practically focus on one of the largest

industries in Mexico, electrical energy is one of the largest inputs used by man
only behind oil.
After an extensive analysis based on how to obtain the necessary information,

create monthly reports according to each of the processes carried out in the
different areas of the CFE offices, “DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
OF A WEB SYSTEM FOR THE MONITORING OF THE DEVO
( DETERMINATION OF VALUES AND OBJECTIVES) IN CFE ZONA
VILLAHERMOSA", which will be used in a broad visualization format that
combines proposed goals and real values achieved in each of the different
months for their correct reporting to the competent authorities as well as
improving the performance of informative reporting activities related to the
production of each of the areas.
The electrical infrastructure is of a high cost, which is why monthly meetings are
held to analyze the increasing losses, as Tabasco is considered to be the 4th
place nationally in losses, that is, it is considered a non-profitable area. .
This report is structured by five chapters that describe in detail the procedures to
follow to achieve the project objectives:
The first chapter defines the problem statement, the justification of the web
system and the objectives to be achieved as well as the limitations.
“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

VALUES AND OBJECTIVES (DEVO)”
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The second chapter details the main data and characteristics of CFE.
The third chapter will be comprised of the theoretical foundation of the concepts.
The fourth chapter shows the way in which the web system will be built as well
as the development of the activities for the development of the project and in the
last chapter the results of the Web system Determination of Values and
Objectives (DEVO) are presented.

ii
INDEX
INTRODUCTION
No table of contents entries found.
ANNEXES:
Annex A: Data Collection
Annex B: User Manual
ANNEX OF ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS:

 Certificate of credits issued by the school services department (yellow
sheet)
 Residence assignment document
 Presentation letter to the company
 Acceptance letter
 Residency Termination Letter
 Internal advisor evaluation
 Evaluation of the external advisor
 Monthly reports, with the signature received by the career manager
 Methodological Release Ballot and Resident Counseling Monitoring.

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CHAPTER I
PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.1.- DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM
In the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), Villahermosa Zone, it is made up

of ten agencies (Atasta, Centro, Frontera, Reforma, Jalapa, Pichucalco, Teapa,
Foránea, Ocuiltzapotlan), which are made up of the five departments
(Marketing, Distribution , Planning, Personnel and service, Zone Administration).
It is the person in charge of each of the departments at the agency level to
prepare the Monthly Analysis and Objectives Report, to contribute to its
preparation at the zone level.
In the life cycle of the preparation of the Monthly Report, it is carried out in three
extremely important processes, preparation of Charts, Analysis and Corrective
Measures, these allow continuous improvement in the departments that make
up the Villahermosa Zone to be carried out consistently. planned way.
To prepare the Charts , the information that is processed in the departments

involved is necessary, generating long times for its preparation and delivery, this
means that the information that is created is no longer taken into account in the
Analysis process. where a thorough review of the elements that affect the
company's performance must be carried out, and thus decisions made in real
time. This problem affects the Corrective Measures process, since it allows the
errors that the processes have to be detected, improving them to achieve the
Company's objectives. In addition to this, the areas that carry out their activities
in isolation, which causes those responsible for the processes to not know what

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they should apply for the presentation of the monthly report to the
Superintendency of the Villahermosa Zone.
Another problem that the process of preparing graphs has is when presenting
the monthly report, since each of the different agencies prepares their graphs
independently, that is, there is no standard for preparing the graphs. itself,
causing confusion when viewing the report in the monthly meetings planned for
its analysis.
How to manage the efficient management of the Monthly Report for determining
Values and objectives at the Zone level, using Information Technologies?
1.2.- JUSTIFICATION
In the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) Villahermosa Zone, there is a

serious problem when preparing its Monthly Report on Determination of Values
and Objectives, because the processes (preparation of Charts, Analysis and
Corrective Measures) that are prepared In the departments that are involved in
each of the agencies, their development is slow and causes a lack of analysis of
the information and the ability to take corrective measures. In addition to the fact
that the graphics presented by the agencies (Atasta, Centro, Frontera, Reforma,
Jalapa, Pichucalco, Teapa, Foránea, Ocuiltzapotlan), are prepared in isolation,
that is, each one of them creates them in a way that coincides with the aspects
requested by the higher orders of evaluation (Superintendency). For this reason,
the project called “Web System for the Monitoring of Determination of Values
and Objectives (DEVO)” will be implemented, which will consist of a Web
System that will allow storing data of utmost importance for the preparation of
said report, this system will allow entering values initials and will semi-
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automatically create the necessary graphs, as well as if one of the planned
objectives for the department is not met, it will be directed to a module that will
allow the analysis of the information as well as possible corrective measures for
the continuous improvement of the department.
This system will be developed in the Visual Basic ASP.NET Language,

supported by a database manager (SQLserver), working via the web where the
information will be centralized and each of the different members will be able to
consult said information at the time it is required. . Causing in the company a
better performance of the personnel, since it will facilitate the development of
this important task, also being able to leave more time in their hands for the
analysis of the information, in addition to providing better proposals for
Corrective Measures, being able to dedicate time to other activities that could
not be done due to shortages.
This project is intended to have a positive impact on each of the departments,

thus causing each of them, administrative expenses to be significantly reduced,
as well as correct information and clarity when presenting the report to the
superintendency.

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1.3.- GENERAL OBJECTIVE
Implement a web system with client-server architecture to automate the

DEVO (Determination of Values and Objectives) processes in CFE Zona
Villahermosa.
1.4.- SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
• Manage and centralize the information generated by the CFE from

different geographical areas through the use of a database manager
(SQLserver).
• Streamline the report generation process in a timely manner for better
analysis and to be able to present better proposals in the Corrective
Measures process.
• Automate the DEVO process, using a tool based on ASP.net visual studio
to generate reports in a standard way.
• Analyze monthly information from the different areas, obtaining statistics

from them for decision making.
1.5.- PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY PRIORITIZING THEM Yes
In the Federal Electricity Commission Villahermosa Zone, some problems have

been detected that affect the operation of the company, which are intended to
be resolved with the implementation of the project “ Web System for the
Monitoring of Determination of Values and Objectives (DEVO)” :

7
 Making graphics
 Information analysis
 Continuous improvement planning
1.6.- SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
This project will solve the preparation of the DEVO report, thus being able to
comply in a timely manner with what is requested by the superintendency when
making its monthly reports, as well as the ease of being able to fill out said
formats. It is intended to launch this application for each one. of the five
processes involved in the area.
One of the limitations that we will find in this project is due to the time since it is
very short for the preparation of the entire project, because the volume of data
for each of the processes involved in the DEVO is very large, so determined that
only the DEVO of the commercialization process be prepared only for this
residency stage.

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CHAPTER II
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMPUTING DEPARTMENT OF

THE FEDERAL ELECTRICITY COMMISSION (CFE),
VILLAHERMOSA ZONE
2.1.- BACKGROUND OF CFE
The Federal Electricity Commission is a Mexican government company that

generates, transmits, distributes and markets electrical energy for more than
34.7 million customers, representing more than 100 million inhabitants, and
incorporates more than one million new customers annually. .
The infrastructure to generate electrical energy is made up of 187 generating
plants, with an installed capacity of 52,506 mega watts (MW).
22.9% of the installed capacity corresponds to 22 plants built with private capital
by Independent Energy Producers (PIE).
At the CFE, electrical energy is produced using different technologies and
different sources of primary energy. It has thermoelectric, hydroelectric, coal-
electric, geothermoelectric, wind-electric and nuclear power plants.
To convey electricity from the generation plants to the home of each of its
clients, the CFE has more than 751 thousand kilometers of transmission and
distribution lines.
At the end of 2010, the supply of electrical energy reached more than 190
thousand locations (190,732 rural and 3,667 urban) and 97.8% of the population
uses electricity.

9
In the last ten years, 42 thousand solar modules have been installed in small
communities far from large population centers. This will be the most widely
applied technology in the future for those communities that still do not have
electricity.
Regarding the total sales volume, 99% is made up of direct sales to the public
and the remaining 1% is exported.
Although the domestic sector accounts for 88.4% of customers, its sales
represent 23.8% of total sales to the public. An inverse situation occurs in the
industrial sector, where less than 1% of customers represent more than half of
sales.
The CFE is also the federal government entity in charge of planning the national
electrical system, which is reflected in the Program of Works and Investments of
the Electric Sector (POISE), which describes the evolution of the electricity
market, as well as the expansion of the generation and transmission capacity to
meet demand over the next ten years, and is updated annually.
The company's commitment is to offer excellent services, guaranteeing high

quality rates in all its processes, at the level of the best electrical companies in
the world.
CFE is a decentralized public body, with legal personality and its own assets.
2.2.- VISION

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By 2011 we will consolidate ourselves as a competitive company in the supply of
electrical energy and other services for the satisfaction of our customers
integrated by collaboration in constant development with a sense of belonging
and sustainable economic results.
2.3.- MISSION
Satisfy the needs of our customers by guaranteeing the supply of electricity and
other services, through a competitive company with the comprehensive
development of its collaborators and respecting the environment.
2.4.- OBJECTIVE
Achieve the appropriate use of Information and Communications Technologies

(ICT) in all areas in order to be at the service of the technological community, as
well as society, linked to public and private institutions. .

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2.5.-DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPUTER DEPARTMENT
The IT Department of the Federal Electricity Commission is in charge of

providing support in information and communication technologies to the
departments (Marketing, Distribution, Planning, Personnel and service, Zone
Administration) that make up this company, some of the services provided by
this department are:
 Computer technical support.
 Maintenance of the local network.
 Loan of personal computing equipment.
 Maintenance of the company's ATMs (CFEmáticos).
 Supplies Management

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2.5.- ORGANIZATION CHART FEDERAL ELECTRICITY COMMISSION
Superintendencia Zona
villahermosa
Departamento de Departamento de Departamento de Departamento de Departamento Juridico

Departamento comercial Administracion de zona
Planeacion Distribucion personal y servicio Informatica
Oficinas de Oficina de Oficina de

Oficinas de Oficina de facturacion y servicios contabilidad
estudio para la depuracion y cobranza generales
construccion del manteni-miento
sistema Oficina de
Oficinas del Oficinas de
servicio al Presupuesto
capacitacion ,
consumidor seguridad e
Oficinas de hijiene Oficina de Residence area
Oficina de subestaciones y Almacen
atencion de Oficinas de
materiales supervicion de
servicios y
oportaciones cobranzas
Oficinas de lineas
de subtrasmicion Agencias
Oficinas de redes
subterraneas
Oficinas de
comunicaciones
Oficinas de control
“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF VALUES AND OBJECTIVES (DEVO)”
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2.6.- MACROLOCATION OF THE FEDERAL ELECTRICITY COMMISSION
(CFE) VILLAHERMOSA ZONE
Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) Villahermosa Zone is located in the state

of Tabasco, which is located in the southeastern region of Mexico. The limits of
the State of Tabasco are natural and artificial, to the north it borders the Gulf of
Mexico and Campeche; to the south with Chiapas and the Republic of
Guatemala; to the west with the state of Veracruz, and to the east, with the state
of Campeche and the republic of Guatemala. The municipality of Centro borders
to the north with the municipalities of Centla and Nacajuca, to the south with the
municipalities of Jalapa, Teapa and the state of Chiapas, to the east with the
municipalities of Centla, Jalapa and Macuspana, and to the west with the
municipalities of: Cunduacán, Nacajuca and the state of Chiapas

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2.7.- MICROLOCATION OF FEDERAL ELECTRICITY COMMISSION
VILLAHERMOSA ZONE
The offices of the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) Villahermosa Zone are
established in the municipal seat of the state of Villahermosa, Centro, Tabasco.
It has its address at 400 Ignacio Allende Street, Centro Delegación Uno,
Villahermosa, Tabasco, CP 86751 Tel. and Fax 01 913 33 21381 21383 21394
21847, Email: luis.figueroa01@cfe.gob.mx
CFE
Ignacio Allende 400, Centro Delegación Uno,
Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico

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CHAPTER III
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
3.1.- INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Stair & Reynolds (2000:15) In their work “Principles of Information Systems”

They describe “an Information System (IS) is a set of interrelated elements or
components to collect (input), manipulate (process) and disseminate ( output)
information data and to provide a feedback mechanism towards the fulfillment of
an objective.”
3.1.1 .- Characteristics of information systems
González, A. & Suárez C. (2009:29). In his work “Information system: Practical

tools for management”, he refers to the fact that “Information will be useful for
the organization to the extent that it facilitates decision making and, to do so, it
must meet a series of requirements, including that is worth mentioning.”
 Accuracy
 Completeness
 Economicity
 Trust
 Relevance
 Level of details
 Chance
 Verifiability

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3.1.2.- Classification of information systems
 Transaction processing system
 Administrative Information System (MIS)
 Support systems for decision making.
Transaction Processing Systems: (TPS, Transaction Processing System ) : is

an organized set of people, procedures, software, database and devices to
record completed business transactions.
Management Information System: (MIS, management information system): is

an organized set of people, procedures, software, database and devices to
provide routine information to managers and decision makers . The particular
interest of an MIS is operational efficiency.
Decision support system: (DSS, decision support system): is an organized set

of people, procedures, software, database and devices to support decision
making regarding specific problems. The field of interest of a DSS is decision-
making effectiveness . Thus, while an MIS helps an organization “Do things
right,” a DSS helps managers “Do the right things.”
3.2.- WHAT IS A DATABASE
Ramez, Elmasri, Shamkant, B. Navathe (2007:4) . In his book “ Database

Fundamentals”, he defines a database as: A collection of related data. By the
word data we refer to known facts (data) that can be recorded and that have an
implicit meaning.
3.2.1.-Basic terminology

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Pérez, C. (2008,34). In his book “MySQL for Windows and Linux” , he defines
the concepts of Tables, Fields, and Records as basic terminology as follows:
Every database is made up of one or several blocks of information called

TABLES (initially called FILES or FILES) that will normally have some
characteristic in common.
A TABLE or data file is a connected set of information of the same type; For
example, in a library database, one table will consist of information related to all
the books in the library, another table will contain information about readers, etc.
Each table is made up of RECORDS. A record is the elementary unit of

information in the table or file (in a classic, non-automated file, a record
corresponds to what is usually called a record). In the book table or file, a record
would consist of the information corresponding to each specific book, with its
title, author, area, publisher, etc. Each record is made up of one or more
elements called FIELDS. A field is each of the information that is interesting to
be stored in each record and is, therefore, the elementary unit of information in
the record. In the example above, one field would be the title of the book;
another field, its author, etc.
3.2.2.-Models and Types of models
Rumbaugh J.; Blana M.; Premerlani, W, (2001:37), in his work “Modeling and
object-oriented design” describes a model as “an abstraction of something, the
objective of which is to understand it before building it. Since models omit non-
essential details, it is easier to manipulate them than to manipulate the original
entity.
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Catherine M. R. (2009:70) In his work “Databases” he describes the Data
Model as: “A collection of tools that usually include a type of diagram and
vocabulary especially to describe the structure of the database. A data model
provides a description of the structure of the database, including the data,
relationships within the data, constraints on the data, and sometimes semantics
or meaning of the data.”
Silberschatz; Korth; Sudarshan (2002:5-6) In his work “Database

Fundamentals” he describes the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model as a modeling
based on a perception of the real world that consists of a collection of basic
objects, called entities, and relationships between objects. An entity is a thing or
object in the real world that is distinguishable from other objects. For example,
each person is an entity, and bank accounts can be considered entities.
Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes. For example, the

attributes account-number and balance describe a particular bank account and
may be attributes of the set of account entities. Similarly, the attributes
customer-name, customer-street, and customer-city can describe a customer
entity.
An extra attribute, customer-id, is used to uniquely identify customers (since it

may be possible for there to be two customers with the same name, address
and city. A unique customer identifier must be assigned to each customer.)
A relationship is an association between several entities. For example, the

depositor associates each client with each account they have.

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Relational model: a group of tables is used to represent data and the
relationships between them. Each table is made up of multiple columns and
each column has a unique name. This model is an example of the record-based
model, so called because the database is structured in records of a particular
fixed format. Each record type defines a fixed number of fields, or attributes.
3.2.3.-Data dictionary
The dictionary will save the details and descriptions of all these elements.
The function of the data dictionary is to store the data and when an analyst
requires it, he or she will be able to access and know how many characters a
given piece of data covers or in some cases what other names they receive in
different parts of the system, or where it is used, they will find the answers in a
Appropriately developed data dictionary.
a) Content of a data dictionary

Contains everything about:
 External, conceptual and internal description of the database.
 Description of fields, records and cross-references between records from
different files.
 Authorization codes and data security, definition of nicknames.
 External schemas of programs, users and their authorizations.
b) Use of data dictionary

In addition to users, the Database Administrator (DBA) also accesses the
dictionary to:
 List of staff or users who have access to the data
 Source for analysts, programmers of new applications.

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3.2.4.- What are database management systems (DBMS)
Silva H. (2006:8) In his book “Database”. It defines a database management

system as "The set of programs, procedures, languages, etc. that provides, both
to non-computer users and to analysts, programmers or administrators, the
necessary means to describe, retrieve and manipulate data. data stored in the
base, maintaining its integrity, confidentiality and security"
It refers that among the different types of database managers, we can find the
following:
 MYSQL – is a server-based, GPL-licensed database. It is characterized

by its speed. It is not recommended to use for large volumes of data.
 SQL AND ORACLE: They are powerful database systems. It manages
large amounts of data very well, and is usually used in intranets and
large-caliber systems.
 ACCESS: It is a database developed by Microsoft. This database must
be created under the Access program, which creates an mdb file.
 MICROSOFT SQL SERVER: It is a more powerful database than Access
developed by Microsoft. It is used to handle large volumes of information.
3.3.- WHAT IS .NET?
Martínez Sierra A. (2007:103). In his book “ Web Application Development

With ASP.Net 2.0” , he describes .Net as: the set of Microsoft technologies
intended for the development of computer applications. These technologies are
based on the use of a unified development model, which means that they can be
used both for the development of applications that run in a Windows
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environment, as well as for those that are going to run in a Web environment or
even for those whose execution environment is located on an electronic device.
3.3.1.- Classification of .NET Technologies
• Programming languages.
• Class libraries.
• Assembly technology.
• Development environment.
Programming languages: Currently it is possible to use a large number of

programming languages to create .NET applications; Among them are Visual
Basic, C#, C++, Delphi or even Cobol.
The objective of offering this wide variety of languages is none other than to
bring the .NET platform closer to the largest possible number of programmers.
Of all these languages, two are the most used:
• VisualBasic. Known as Visual Basic.NET, this language is an improved

version of Microsoft's classic Visual Basic, used in the development of Windows
applications. Among the new features of VB.NET is that it is a completely object-
oriented language.
• C#. It is a new language born with the .NET platform itself and is also
known as Visual C#.NET. As can be deduced from its name, its syntax is similar
to that of the C language; In addition, it has great similarities with other object-
oriented programming languages, such as C++ and Java, which makes it the
most used language in creating .NET applications. C# will be the language that
we use in the examples and applications presented in this book, so we will
dedicate the following three chapters to its study, focusing on aspects related to

22
the syntax of the language and the use of general-purpose classes in
applications. .
Class Libraries: The .NET platform includes more than 5000 classes to help
programmers develop all types of programs. These classes are grouped into
libraries and all of them are incorporated into the .NET execution environment.
These libraries are common for all the languages supported by the platform, that
is, there is no version of the library for C#, another for VB.NET, etc., but rather
the same set of classes can be used by any of the languages. . Each of the
platform libraries is compiled into a dll-type assembly.
Assembly Technology: An assembly is the unit of executable .NET code that

is generated as a result of compiling the source code files of a .NET application.
Assemblies are stored in .DLL or .EXE files, depending on whether the

application consists solely of classes that serve other applications (.dll) or is a
stand-alone program (.exe). In any case, the generated code cannot be
considered as real executable code, but, as mentioned in the previous
paragraph, as .NET executable code.
.NET executable code is code written in an intermediate language, known as

MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language), which is translated at runtime into pure
executable code by the .NET environment.
The use of this system provides two great advantages when developing
applications. On the one hand there is compatibility between languages, since,
regardless of the language with which the application has been coded, the result
of the compilation will also be MSIL, allowing interaction between applications

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developed with different programming languages. On the other hand there is
independence with the operating system, given that the MSIL code.
It can be run on any operating system that has the .NET runtime environment.
All platform class libraries are compiled into .dll assemblies.
3.3.2._THE .NET FRAMEWORK
The .NET Framework constitutes the fundamental core of .NET by providing the
platform for the development and execution of applications.
It is a software layer that is between the application and the operating system,
and can be considered an extension of this. In fact, although it is distributed
independently, the latest versions of Microsoft operating systems, such as
Windows 2003 Server, already incorporate the .NET Framework.
During the execution of the applications, the .NET Framework translates the
intermediate code in which the compilation has been carried out into machine
code, in addition to providing all the classes necessary for the execution of the
application. This allows the applications to be independent of the operating
system in which they are going to be executed, so a program that is compiled on
one machine can be executed on a different one just by transporting the .exe on
the destination machine.
3.4.- WHAT IS ASP.NET?
ASP.NET is one of the alternatives available to programmers to develop

computer applications for the Web. Due to the power and short development
times that ASP.NET offers, it is a technology that more and more programmers
and software companies are choosing to undertake their developments.
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3.4.1.- Web applications
A Web application is a computer program that can simultaneously serve multiple

users who run it over the Internet. This type of application is based on what is
known as a three-layer architecture, where the different actors and elements
involved in it are distributed in three blocks or layers.
These three layers are:
• Client layer.
• Middle layer.
• Data layer.
Client layer : This is the layer with which the user of the application interacts. It
mainly performs two functions. On the one hand, it is responsible for capturing
the user data with which the application operates and sending it to it. For
example, in a search engine-type application, the data capture function would
consist of requesting the user for the search keyword.
The second function performed by this layer is to present the results generated
by the application to the user. Returning again to the case of the search engine,
the client layer should be in charge of displaying the records with the addresses
of the pages associated with the search topic.
 Browser: In a three-tier Web architecture, the client layer is implemented

by the browser. A browser is a special type of software based on a
graphical interface that users use to interact with a Web application, both
in an Internet and Intranet environment.
There are different brands and models of browsers developed by different

software manufacturers; Among the best known are Microsoft Internet
Explorer or Mozilla Firefox. All of them have in common compatibility with
26
the different standards to which the client layer must conform (HTTP,
HTML, etc.).
Through so-called Web pages, browsers request data from the user
through the screen and present results on the screen.
 Web pages: A Web page is a text document that contains information to

be viewed by a browser; It is sent to it from the intermediate layer and is
encoded in a special language capable of being interpreted by all types of
browsers. This language is HTML.
The HTML language is not a programming language as such, but rather a

markup language made up of a set of marks or labels that, properly
combined, allow information to be presented on the client's screen.
CUSTOMER COMMUNICATION - INTERMEDIATE LAYER. THE HTTP

PROTOCOL
Browsers, and in general any web client, communicate with the intermediate
layer using a protocol known as HTTP. Using this protocol, the browser sends
the data provided by the user to the intermediate layer for the execution of the
application and the latter in turn uses it to send the information that it must
present on the screen to the browser.
An HTTP protocol is based on a request-response mechanism. When a client

wants to request a resource from the server (execution of an application,
information page, etc.), it sends an HTTP request. An HTTP request is made up
of a header, which includes the address of the requested resource (URL) and
information related to the capabilities and characteristics of the client browser. In

27
the event that the requested resource is a program that is going to be executed
in the intermediate layer, the body of the request will contain the data provided
by the client for the application.
Once the request is processed, the server sends an HTTP response to the
client. In the header of the response, the server sends control information to the
browser, including in the body of the response the data that the client must
present on the screen, formatted in HTML or in the appropriate presentation
language so that it can interpret them.
Intermediate Layer: It is made up of the application itself. This is installed on an

independent machine, known as a server, which clients access through the
network.
 Operation: the intermediate layer application is executed by the special

application engine capable of allowing the same instance to serve
multiple clients. In addition to this engine, the servers need another
software known as a web server, which serves as an interface between
the application and the client, carrying out the HTTP dialogue with it. In
the case of applications developed with Microsoft technologies, the Web
server used will be the Internet. Information Services, also known as IIS.
The functions of the intermediate layer are:

 Collect data sent from the client layer.
 Process information and, in general, implement application logic,
including data access.
 Generate responses for clients.

28
Data Layer: This layer's mission is the permanent storage of the information
managed by the application and the management of its security. For this task, in
most cases, so-called relational databases are used. A relational database
distributes information between different tables, relating them to each other
through a common field that allows identifying the records in one table that
correspond to the other.

29
CHAPTER IV
PROCEDURE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITIES CARRIED

OUT
4.1.-INFORMATION COLLECTION
A discussion was held with the people in charge of the commercial process, and
the head of the IT department at the zone level, for the necessary explanation
for the preparation ( See Annex A ) of each of the indices that comprise the
DEVO both at the zone level and agency level.
4.2.-ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION
The analysis of the information from the calculation of each of the indices,
collected in the previous process, was carried out. The purpose of this activity is
to be able to interpret the operations that have to be implemented in a web
system development to be able to provide a solution to each of them. needs, as
well as providing better performance in reporting. Based on the analysis, it was
determined what would be the best way to develop the web system
4.3.-GENERATION OF NECESSARY MODULES
The design of the use cases necessary for the correct functioning of the web
system was carried out.

30
Fig. 4.3 A Division Use Case Diagram
The interaction of the division module with the administrator consists of the
following actions: Add, Modify, Consult. Eliminate which give absolute control
over said module. It will also serve to delimit which zones belong to each of the
divisions, because a division can have many zones.
 Add: Allows you to introduce a new division record to the system.

 Modify: Allows adjustments to be made to one or all of the fields that
belong to a specific division record, which is stored in the system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored from a specific division,
which has been previously added.
 Delete: Allows you to delete the data of a particular record that has been
added previously.

31
Fig.4.3 B Zone use case diagram
The interaction of the zone module with the administrator consists of the
over said module. It will also serve to delimit which Agencies belong to each of
the zones, because one zone can have many agencies.
 Add: Allows you to introduce a new zone record to the system.

belong to a specific zone record, which is stored in the system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored for a specific area that
has been previously added.
added previously.

32
Fig. 4.3 C Agency Use Case Diagram
The interaction of the agency module with the administrator consists of the
over said module.
 Add: Allows you to introduce a new agency record to the system.

belong to a specific agency record, which is stored in the system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored for a specific agency that
 Delete: Allows you to delete the data of a particular record that was
previously added.

33
Fig. 4.3 D Use Case Diagram Indices
The interaction of the index module with the administrator and the commercial
agent consists of the following actions: Add, Modify, Consult. Eliminate which
give absolute control over said module. It will also serve to delimit which indices
belong to each of the agencies, because an agency can have many indices and
they can be different according to the area to which each agency belongs.
 Add: Allows you to introduce a new index record to the system.

belong to a specific index record, which is stored in the system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored in a specific index, which
was previously added.
previously added.

34
Fig. 4.3 E Use Case Diagram Index Data
The interaction of the index data module with the administrator and the
commercial agent consists of the following actions: Add, Modify, Consult.
Eliminate which give absolute control over said module. The interaction of this
module with the office worker will only allow you to add and consult data from
the same. It will also be used to take the data that will feed the process graphs.
 Add: Allows you to enter index data into the system.
 Modify: Allows you to change the specific index data that is stored in the
system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored in a specific index, which
was previously added.
previously added.

35
Fig. 4.3 F Use case diagram Users
agent consists of the following actions: Add, Modify, Consult, Delete which give
absolute control over said module. It will also serve to delimit which Users
belong to each of the agencies, because an agency can have many users.
 Add: Allows you to introduce a new User to the system.

belong to the specific user, which are stored in the system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored for a specific user, which
has been added previously.
added previously.

36
Fig. 4.3 G Use Case Goals Diagram
The interaction of the goals module with the administrator and the commercial
agent consists of the following actions: Add, Modify, Consult. Eliminate which
give absolute control over said module. The interaction of this module with the
office worker will only allow you to add and consult data from the same. It will
also serve to take the data with which the indices will be compared to generate
the graphs.
 Add: Allows you to enter the value of the goal into the system.
 Modify: Allows you to change the value of a specific goal that is stored in
the system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored for a specific goal, which
added previously.

37
Fig. 4.3 H Process Use Case Diagram
agent consists of the following actions: Add, Modify, Consult, Delete which give
absolute control over said module. It will also serve to delimit which processes
belong to each of the agencies, because an agency can have many processes.
 Add: Allows you to introduce a new User to the system.

belong to the specific user, which are stored in the system.
 Consult: Provides the information that is stored for a specific user, which
added previously.

38
4.4.-MODELING OF THE DATABASE AND DESIGN OF THE WEB PORTAL
Fig. 4.4 A Web System Entity-Relationship Model
The previous figure shows how the database that will be used in the system for
storing all the information necessary in each of the necessary activities is
modeled.
Fig. 4.4 B Access page to the web portal
This page will allow the user to access according to the role assigned to them
and only registered users will be able to access it so they can have better
control over the web portal.

39
Fig. 4.4 C Page with the portal navigation menu
This page will allow you to navigate through the modules that make up the web
system, as well as only enabling the options that each of the different roles that
exist for the system are allowed to perform.
Fig. 4.4 D Page that will allow you to enter division data
This page will allow you to add the data that is necessary to be able to load the
necessary data to be able to generate the DEVO reports since they are
necessary for the details thereof, this will contain the following buttons such as
new, search, save, update and delete all Windows will have the same design
except for the page for loading index values, which will be in a massive way
because the data is in a file that will be read and stored automatically.

40
Fig. 4.4 E Bulk Index Value Load Page
This page will allow you to select the file necessary to load the index values, as
well as process the necessary information and semi-autonomously save the
information when the user presses the browse button to select the file, and the
load button to start. and completion of the task.
Fig. 4.4 F Processed data display page for DEVO
This page will allow you to view the values of each of the indices by agency, as
well as which of them did not meet the goal established for the established
month of analysis.

41
4.5.-CODING OF THE WEB PORTAL
In this activity, the coding of the web system will be carried out for its correct
operation, such as programming the navigation menu, the action buttons and
processes that allow the desired results for the report as well as the desired
graphs. The programming will be carried out on the visual studio 2010
development platform, with the Asp.net language assisted by the visual
basic.net language.
4.6.-UNIT TEST
This activity will consist of performing routine tests on each of the modules
according to their development to verify their correct functioning. These tests
consist of how, in the case of the save button, you actually enter the data
previously typed by the user into the data manager. (SQLserver) for storage.
4.7.-VALIDATION OF THE MODULES
This activity will consist of delimiting each field to a certain number of characters
that only allow valid characters for each of them. This activity will be carried out
on each of the pages.
4.8.-TEST DEVELOPMENT

42
In this activity, the necessary tests will be carried out for each module, which
consists of the correct functioning of each of the pages and actions carried out
by them in the web system.
4.9.- PREPARATION OF USER MANUAL
In this activity, the manual will be created that will allow users to ask any
questions regarding the operation of the web portal, thus visualizing the possible
actions that it will allow them.

43
CHAPTER V
RESULTS OF THE WEB SYSTEM FOR MONITORING

DETERMINATION OF VALUES AND OBJECTIVES (DEVO) IN
CFE ZONA VILLAHERMOSA
5.1.-INFORMATION COLLECTION
During the development of this activity, the formulas and steps to calculate each
of the indices were obtained, as well as the way in which each of them is
calculated. ( See Annex A. )
5.2.-ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION
During this activity, the result was that the company loses a lot of man's time in
the preparation of its report, determining that this process can become semi-
automatic by creating a web system to save time poorly invested in this activity
to the use of this in other activities that can help be a more productive company.
5.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE NECESSARY MODULES
During this section, the results obtained were the creation of eight modules that
allow the correct relationship of hierarchies within the CFE business structure.
5.4.-SYSTEM SCREENS

44
5.4.A Access screen
This screen has two text boxes and two buttons, the first text box will be used to
enter the RPE (company personal identification number) of the user and the
second will be used to enter the password. Using these two fields, pressing the
accept button will perform a search in the database, in the table that
corresponds to the users and these data are valid, that is, the two fields coincide
with some stored record, this will return the user's role and allow the modules to
be opened according to what is allowed by them. role by going to the home
page of the web system. Otherwise the fields will remain empty and the screen
will not move.
IF ACCEPTED, SEND THE HOME PAGE
Fig.5.2 B System access and main window
In most windows there are the New, Search, Save, Update and Delete buttons.
The search, new and save buttons are enabled for all roles assigned to the
system, but the update and delete buttons will only be activated for the users

45
with how many administrator and commercial agent the appearance of the
buttons is as follows:
Button Name Function
New Allows you to create a new record and

enable the save button
Look for Allows you to search for a specific record. If

the record exists, enable the update and
delete buttons if our role does not allow
them.
Keep Allows you to save the data of the new

record
Update Allows you to make some modification to an

already stored record
Eliminate Allows you to delete a stored record
The split screen is where you can manipulate split data

46
Fig. 5.4C Split Screen
The zone screen is where you can manipulate zone data
Fig. 5.4 D Zone Screen
The agency screen is where you can manipulate agency data

47
Fig. 5.4E Agency Screen
The index upload screen is the one that allows you to bulk add index values by
simply selecting the file and pressing the upload file button.
Fig. 5.4F Bulk Data Load Screen
The DEVO screen presents the values already calculated by processes and by
agencies.
Fig. 5.4G DEVO display screen
5.5 PORTAL CODING

48
In this activity, the screens were coded using the layer methodology. For this, a
solution (set of projects) was created in the development platform, which
contains three nominated projects as follows, the first is called data access, this
It consists of a library project that allows you to connect to the database. The
code is as follows. This code can be used as many times as necessary. It is
already used as a method and can be reached through an instance of classes.
This file is a class library type file.
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Public Class ClsConectaBD
#Region "Variables"
Dim strCad As String = "user id=commission; pwd=cfe; Data
Source=127.0.0.1; Initial Catalog=workprogram"
#EndRegion
#Region "Methods"
Public Function ConnBD() As SqlConnection
Dim Conn As SqlConnection
Conn = New SqlConnection (strCad)
If Conn.State = Data. ConnectionState .Closed Then 'If closed
Conn.Open() ' Open it
End If
Return Conn
End Function
#EndRegion
End Class
Code snippet to perform insert, modify or delete queries

49
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Data
Public Class ClsDataAccess

#Region "Variables"
Dim ConBD AsDataAccess . ClsConectaBD = NewAccessData . ClsConectaBD
#EndRegion
#Region "Methods"
Public Function PerformQuery( ByVal StringSql As String ) As Boolean
Dim cmd As SqlClient. SqlCommand
try
cmd = New SqlClient. SqlCommand (SqlString, ConBD.ConnBD)
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
cmd.Connection.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
Return False
End Try
Return True '
End Function
Code fragment to obtain data in a general or specific way from the database
Public Function GetData( ByVal StringSql As String ) As DataTable

Dim dt As DataTable = New DataTable
Dim cmd As SqlClient. SqlCommand = New SqlClient. SqlCommand
(SqlString, ConBD.ConnBD)
Dim DtAdapter As SqlClient. SqlDataAdapter = New SqlClient.
SqlDataAdapter (cmd)
try
Dim x As Integer = DtAdapter.Fill(dt)
Catch ex As Exception
Return Nothing

50
End Try
cmd.Connection.Close()
Return dt
End Function
#EndRegion
End Class
It will have another project called business, this project will also contain class
files. It is a class library type project and allows you to reuse code to establish
what types of SQL queries you want to execute. These queries will only change
because of the name of the tables, the name of the fields as well as their
number, but the structure is the same for each of the cases, said query can be
prepared in the simplest way permitted or even as complex as permitted.
Example of business code for the SQL statements that will be used for the split
page operation.
Imports System.Data
Public Class ClsDivision
#Region "Variables"
Dim DataAccess As New DataAccess. ClsDataAccess
#EndRegion
#Region "Functions "
This function allows you to enter data into the divisions table
Public Function Inserts( ByVal key As String , ByVal name As String ,

ByVal description As String ) As String
Dim data As String

51
Dim sql As String
data = "'" + key + "','" + name + "','" + descrip + "'"
sql = "Insert InTo tbl_division(division_key, name, description) Values (" &
data & ")"
Return AccData.RealizaConsulta(sql)
End Function
This function allows you to delete data from the table
Public Function Delete( ByVal keydiv As String ) As String

Dim sql As String
sql = "delete from tbl_division where division_key='" & divkey & "'"
Return AccData.RealizaConsulta(sql)
End Function
This function allows you to update one or all fields
Public Function Update( ByVal key As String , ByVal name As String ,

ByVal description As String ) As Boolean
Return AccData.RealizaConsulta( "Update tbl_division SET " _
& " name='" & name & "', descrip='" & descrip & "' Where division_key='" &
key & "'" )
End Function
This function allows you to consult all the data that exists in a specific table
Public Function ShowGeneral( ByVal Table As String ) As DataTable

Dim dtx As DataTable = New DataTable
dtx = AccData.GetData( "Select * From " & Table)
Return dtx
End Function
This function allows you to search for a specific record in a specific table
52
Public Function SearchSpecName( ByVal key As String ) As DataTable
Dim dtx As DataTable = New DataTable
dtx = AccData.GetData( "Select * From tbl_division Where division_key='" &
key & " '" )
Return dtx
End Function
#EndRegion
End Class
The web pages are made up of a programming language called visual basic.net,
an HTML markup language and Cascading Style Sheets (Css) that allow you to
manipulate the properties of each of the components made in HTML.
Fragment of code that allows the data contained in a file to be loaded into a
system component called detatable for manipulation and processing.
Imports System.IO
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.OleDb
Public Module utilities
Public Enum FlatFileType
Delimited
Fixed
End Enum
Public Function ReadFlatFile( ByVal file As FileInfo , _

ByVal hasHeader As Boolean , _
ByVal filetype As FlatFileType ) As DataTable
If ( Not file.Exists) Then

53
Throw New FileNotFoundException ( "The specified file was not found"
)
End If
Dim withHeader As String = IIf(hasHeader, "YES" , "NO" )
Dim connectionString As String = _

String .Format( "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source={0};" +
_
"Extended Properties='text;HDR={1};FMT={2}'" , _
file.DirectoryName, withHeader, fileType.ToString())
Dim dt As DataTable = New DataTable ( "myTable" )
Using conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection (connectionString)

Using gives As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter ( _
"SELECT * FROM " + file.Name, conn)
da.Fill(dt)
End Using
End Using

54
5.6 UNIT TEST
The unit tests consisted of checking each of the actions established for the web
pages, in one of which the following error can be found.
Field write error
Fig. 5.6A Column error window
This error appears when the name of any of the fields in the table to be queried
is misspelled. This error was corrected by comparing each of the fields created
in the database and the field names written in the query used.
Empty data loading error
Error loading empty fields. This error arises when data is omitted in a text field
and it is necessary to convert it into a numerical value. This error was solved
with the implementation of the following code
if txtkey.Text = "" then

55
MessageBox .Show( "The division key has not been entered." , "Division" ,
End if
This code ensures that the text box (txtkey) is not an empty field, otherwise a
message will be sent saying “The division key has not been entered.”
Fig. 5.6b Empty field error
5.7 VALIDATION OF THE MODULES
The results obtained during this stage were satisfactory due to the validation of
these characteristics, the system can work without errors when creating the
connections and saving the required data.

56
FIG. 5.7 VALIDATION OF THE RPE FIELD
5.8 TEST DEVELOPMENT
Fig 5.8 Sample screen where the test of adding a new user is done.
The results of this section were satisfactory when verifying the correct
functioning of the system in each of the characteristics that comprise the
system.
5.9 USER MANUAL
The user manual shows the activities that can be carried out in the web system (
See Annex B )

57
CONCLUSIONS
The initial objective set out in the project was to carry out and Implementation of
a Web System for the Monitoring of Determination of Values and Objectives
(DEVO) in CFE Villahermosa Zone. In general, each system, regardless of its
area of application, reflects that there are needs in the management of
information, as well as the automation of processes to facilitate the services and
work performance of each of its collaborators.
According to the results obtained from the system, it can be concluded that it
meets the general objective of this study. Since the project was created and
implemented in a satisfactory manner for the company, it was completely
satisfied with the work carried out.

58
RECOMMENDATIONS
Below are some important points that should be taken into account when using
the web system:
1. It is recommended that the system be constantly monitored by trained

personnel to have a constant, safe service without external modifications.
2. If you have any operational questions, check the user manual.
3. If a failure occurs, immediately notify the personnel in charge of system

maintenance.
4. Perform a manual follow-up and compare it with the one provided with the
system to verify its correct operation.
5. Keep the server active so that end users can use the system at any time.
If the need arises to maintain the server, provide a message that the
server is under maintenance to avoid any displeasure with users.

59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CATHERINE, M. R. (2009). Database. First edition. Mc Graw Hill Editorial,

Mexico, DF
GÓMEZ, Veites Álvaro (2010) Information systems. Practical tool for

management. Third edition. Editorial RA-MA Medico DF
MARTIN Sierra, Antonio (2007) Development of WEB applications with

ASP.NET. First edition. Editorial Alfaomega, Mexico, DF
PÉREZ, López César (2008) MySQL for Windows and Linux. Alfaomega
Publishing House, Mexico City
PRESSMAN, Roger S. (2007) Software engineering. Sixth edition. Mc Graw Hill

Editorial, Mexico, DF
STAIR, M. Ralph (2000) Principles of information systems. Fourth edition.

Thomson Editorial, Mexico City

60
ANNEXES
Annex A: Data Collection
Data collected in the analysis of the information were the following:

These data were explained at the time and the calculation formulas are included
in the Excel files, these were provided by the people in charge of carrying out
the DEVO for a better understanding and preparation of the project.
Annex B: User Manual
User Manual: Implementation of a Web System for the Monitoring of

Determination of Values and Objectives (DEVO) in CFE Villahermosa Zone.
Introduction
The DEVO web system is a web-based system, this system was developed to
facilitate the development of the activity of creating the monthly report since it
was a very tedious activity for the people who are in charge of carrying out this
activity, which is why it was I make this system.
The system will allow you to create the hierarchy structure that exists in the
company based on the division section, zone, agency, users, indexes and goals
because each agency, which is the lowest level of the company's structure
hierarchy, can vary its indicators. and goals.
Access screen
To access the system already installed on one of the servers, click the start
button and select the browser (Internet Explorer) installed on the computer and
write the following in the address bar :
10.18.80.83/devo/acceso.aspx and pressing the enter button will direct you to
the following screen.
After having entered the

requested fields, we will click Enter user RPE
on the Accept button Enter user password
If the data entered is incorrect, the fields will be cleared, that is, the same page
will be displayed requesting the input data. Otherwise, our system will go to the
following screen.
Allows you to go to the desired

page
Through this screen I will be able to navigate through the different options that
our web system has, including entering data that will allow the DEVO report to
be structured, as well as generating the report.
Division Page
Allows you to
prepare everything
to insert a new
record and enable
the save button
Allows you to delete a specific
record, it is enabled when you
perform a search and it exists
Displays data for a
specific desired division
Allows you to modify one or

Save the data entered some of the specific fields. It is
in the requested fields enabled when performing a
search and it exists.
All the aforementioned options can be found on the following pages: Division,
Zone, Agency, Goals, Indices, Users.
Button to open file search Button to perform

window calculations on the selected
file
DEVO Page
This page shows the results obtained per month by each of the agencies, in
each of the indices that belong to it, the report is based on the set of agencies
that form the same area.

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General Directorate of Higher Technological Education

Centla Higher Technological Institute

Period: August 2011 – January 2012

Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) is to practically focus on one of the largest

After an extensive analysis based on how to obtain the necessary information,

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

No table of contents entries found.

ANNEX OF ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS:

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

1.1.- DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM

In the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE), Villahermosa Zone, it is made up

To prepare the Charts , the information that is processed in the departments

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

In the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) Villahermosa Zone, there is a

This system will be developed in the Visual Basic ASP.NET Language,

This project is intended to have a positive impact on each of the departments,

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

Implement a web system with client-server architecture to automate the

1.4.- SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

• Manage and centralize the information generated by the CFE from

• Analyze monthly information from the different areas, obtaining statistics

1.5.- PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY PRIORITIZING THEM Yes

In the Federal Electricity Commission Villahermosa Zone, some problems have

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

1.6.- SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE COMPUTING DEPARTMENT OF

2.1.- BACKGROUND OF CFE

The Federal Electricity Commission is a Mexican government company that

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

The company's commitment is to offer excellent services, guaranteeing high

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

Achieve the appropriate use of Information and Communications Technologies

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

The IT Department of the Federal Electricity Commission is in charge of

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

Departamento de Departamento de Departamento de Departamento de Departamento Juridico

Oficinas de Oficina de Oficina de

Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) Villahermosa Zone is located in the state

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

Stair & Reynolds (2000:15) In their work “Principles of Information Systems”

3.1.1 .- Characteristics of information systems

González, A. & Suárez C. (2009:29). In his work “Information system: Practical

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

Transaction Processing Systems: (TPS, Transaction Processing System ) : is

Management Information System: (MIS, management information system): is

Decision support system: (DSS, decision support system): is an organized set

3.2.- WHAT IS A DATABASE

Ramez, Elmasri, Shamkant, B. Navathe (2007:4) . In his book “ Database

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

Every database is made up of one or several blocks of information called

Each table is made up of RECORDS. A record is the elementary unit of

3.2.2.-Models and Types of models

Silberschatz; Korth; Sudarshan (2002:5-6) In his work “Database

Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes. For example, the

An extra attribute, customer-id, is used to uniquely identify customers (since it

A relationship is an association between several entities. For example, the

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF

a) Content of a data dictionary

b) Use of data dictionary

“DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB PORTAL FOR MONITORING THE DETERMINATION OF