Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Ministry of Popular Power for Higher Education

Bolivarian University of Venezuela
Sucre Mission
Maturin - Monagas

Gestión de Riesgos

Teacher : María Ramos Bachelors:

Yanetzy, Díaz. CI: 22966265
José, Tiape. CI: 20260466
Eulice, Maurera. CI: 26340043
Milcarlys, Alfonzo. CI: 27121045
Brenda, Gonzalez. CI: 25777344

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Content

Introduction .........................................................................................................................................3
 Risk Management.........................................................................................................................4
Risk....................................................................................................................................................4
Types of Risks :..................................................................................................................................4
 Natural Hazards:...................................................................................................................4
 Physical risks:........................................................................................................................4
 Chemical hazards:.................................................................................................................4
 Biological risks:.....................................................................................................................5
 Psychological Risks :..............................................................................................................5
 Risk Map.......................................................................................................................................5
Types of Risk Maps :..........................................................................................................................5
 Carried out by Institutions:....................................................................................................5
 Made by the Community:......................................................................................................5
 Community Risk Map...................................................................................................................6
 Importance of the community risk map ......................................................................................6
 Preparation of the Risk Map........................................................................................................7
As elaborated:...................................................................................................................................7
 Work organization : the community in general, representatives of institutions, local
authorities and anyone who wishes to participate is invited............................................................7
 Identification of the community : to begin preparing the risk map, the first thing we have to
do is obtain and prepare by hand a hand-drawn sketch of the sector and note on the map:...........7
 Analysis of past experience : the testimonies of neighbors who have experienced past
emergencies and disasters in the sector. You have to consider how often it happened and the
measures taken at that time.............................................................................................................7
 Identification of threats : communities organized into work groups must review everything
they consider dangerous in the community and assign an evaluation brigade. Instruct participants
to color or identify risk areas with the following indications to effectively visualize them...............8
Summary...............................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................9

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 Introduction .

Communities may be exposed to certain risks, accidents and unfortunate situations that
may occur in some locations, on nearby roads, commercial establishments and even far from the
community but that have a close relationship with it.

On the issue of risks, community participation is essential since they are the main actors in
the management, prevention and attention in case of some type of disaster.

The execution and preparation of risk maps is a fundamental help for predicting accidents
within or outside communities; The coordination of inhabitants to create contingency plans is a
crucial step when creating this type of maps, we must take into account each type of vulnerability
and its importance on a scale of risk levels, this can make a difference to the time to act in case of
contingencies.

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  Risk Management.

Risk

It refers to the probability in a community of suffering social, environmental and

economic damage, in a certain period of time, depending on the threat and vulnerability.
Good risk management allows potential damage to be minimized, acting promptly before,
during and after a disaster occurs.

So risk management is the comprehensive action to address a disaster situation. It

allows you to determine the risks, intervene to modify them, reduce them, eliminate them
or achieve the relevant preparation to respond to the damage that a certain disaster will
undoubtedly cause.

Types of Risks :
 Natural Hazards:
 Geological (earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides)
 Meteorological and Hydrological (Storms, Cyclones, Rain, Hail, Snow, Winds,
etc.)
 Climatological (Droughts, Floods, Heat and Cold Waves)

 Physical risks:
 Noises.

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  Pressures.
 Extreme temperatures (cold or heat)
 Lightning.
 Vibrations.
 Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiations.
 Chemical hazards:
 Powder.
 Vapors.
 Liquids.
 Solvents.

 Biological risks:
 Epidemics.
 Tetanus.
 Allergies.
 Pests.

 Psychological Risks :
 Stress.

 Risk Map

It is a graph, map or sketch, where the areas of the community can be identified
and located, pointing out the dangers or threats to which the population is exposed,
identifying the homes of the community, the main infrastructure works such as health,
roads, water and sanitation works vulnerable or exposed to these dangers, serving as
guidance to take preventive and mitigation measures for each identified risk.

Types of Risk Maps :

 Carried out by Institutions:

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  You publish.
 Private.

 Made by the Community:

 Population.

 Community Risk Map

You can contribute to the community by explaining to them the risk they may
suffer in a disaster and how they can mobilize to take preventive actions through a
community risk map.

The risk map is a large drawing or model of the community, which shows all the
important buildings such as schools and hospitals, as well as crop areas, roads, and other
elements that, in the event of a disaster, could be affected. It also shows potentially
dangerous elements or places such as areas that can flood or very dry grasslands that can
catch fire. It also shows all the resources such as people and things that can help your
community prepare and protect itself, such as the fire station. To show all this you can draw
symbols on the map. You can even invent your own symbols, as long as others understand
them.

 Importance of the community risk map .

Risk maps are important because they help understand the threats and dangers
that can be found in communities, in order to motivate everyone who lives there to take
actions to prevent or reduce the effects of a possible event. For example, it indicates
schools or other important buildings that are most at risk from a landslide. It also helps you
better prepare in case of emergency; For example, they tell you where the safest buildings

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are or which roads you should take if the area is ordered to evacuate. This way, the
community will know what to do in the event of a disaster.

 It allows all people to participate in how they perceive their dangerous

situation.
 The dangers, threats and vulnerabilities that the community has are
identified.
 The map offers organizations (Community and authority) ideas to make
decisions.
 It allows you to record historical events that have affected the community.

 Preparation of the Risk Map

Everyone who wishes participates, it is not exclusive to a particular group;

However, if the community wishes, it can assign the work to the damage assessment
brigade. It is important to have the space of time and place for a greater number of people
to collaborate in an organized way.

As elaborated:
 Work organization : the community in general, representatives of institutions,
local authorities and anyone who wishes to participate is invited.
 Call work meetings.
 State the objectives of the meeting.

 Identification of the community : to begin preparing the risk map, the first thing
we have to do is obtain and prepare by hand a hand-drawn sketch of the sector
and note on the map:
 Community name.
 Location: location, state, municipality, sector (urbanization, hamlet, etc.)
 Jurisdiction of the locality (sector limits).

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 Analysis of past experience : the testimonies of neighbors who have experienced
past emergencies and disasters in the sector. You have to consider how often it
happened and the measures taken at that time.

 Identification of threats : communities organized into work groups must review

everything they consider dangerous in the community and assign an evaluation
brigade. Instruct participants to color or identify risk areas with the following
indications to effectively visualize them.

 Red color = Higher Risk.

 Orange Color = Medium Risk.
 Yellow Color = Low Risk.

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 Summary

Risk management is the action taken to avoid damage, it allows locating,

preventing, reducing the risks that could be present in a community to reduce the
vulnerability that they could suffer, for this the creation of a risk map has been
implemented. community where you can quickly visualize the areas that are in danger,
whether Physical, Chemical, Biological and Psychological, that directly or indirectly affect
the locality and each of those who live there.

This map is a large model of the community showing the infrastructure that is there
such as houses, schools, hospitals, access roads, nearby businesses and crop land that may
be affected in the event of some type of disaster that may occur. It is not a cartographic
work but a scheme of the sector; Its importance is that through this map you can
understand the threats and dangers that are found in the town and that can affect the
community at any time. Its creation is essential so that the inhabitants can plan strategies
that work in case of danger. ; The entire community must participate in the creation of the
risk map so that the damage assessment groups and the needs analysis group in case of
emergency emerge. Its preparation is carried out by inviting the community in general,
representatives of institutions, local authorities and whoever wishes to participate, the
community is identified, the next step is to analyze the past experiences that have occurred
in the community and finally the threats are identified and classified into the different levels
of risk: Yellow = Low, Orange = Medium and Red = High risk in this way threats to the
community can be quickly identified.

Conclusion .

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 It is concluded that the creation of preventive measures through the inhabitants is
an advance to avoid risks in a community that, by organizing, can minimize the risk
factors that can harm a given locality, affecting its inhabitants. That is why the planning
of a risk map and the designation of aid groups is the most suitable way to counteract
disaster situations. The community risk map marks the areas that may be affected and is
classified by color depending on the area. risk level.

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