International criminal law

International criminal law is the branch of law that defines international crimes and
regulates the functioning of the courts competent to hear cases in which individuals
incur international criminal responsibility, imposing the corresponding sanctions.
The emergence of this branch represents an important evolution with respect to
classical international law, which was essentially interstate and did not consider the
person as a subject of
International right.

Within international criminal law, the existence of the International Criminal Court,
the first permanent international court of justice, created in 1998 and based in The
Hague, is especially relevant.

Content [hide]
1 History
2 International Criminal Law Courts
3 Main international crimes
4 Bibliography
[edit]History

There are some precedents of international criminal law before the First World War.
However, it was after this war that the creation of a true international criminal court
was proposed that would prosecute those responsible for crimes committed during
the conflict. This was provided for in Part Seven of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919
to judge Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany; but the Netherlands offered asylum to the
emperor, which thwarted the initiative.

After the Second World War, the Allied powers agreed, by virtue of the London
Charter, to establish a court that would try not only war crimes, but also crimes
against humanity committed under the Nazi regime. The Nuremberg trials began
on November 20, 1945, and sentences were handed down on September 30 and
October 1, 1946. A similar court for Japanese war crimes was also created, the
International Military Criminal Tribunal for the Far East, which operated from 1946
to 1948.

The principles that inspired the Nuremberg trials had a fundamental relevance in
the formation of international criminal law. Resolution 95 (I) of the United Nations
General Assembly of December 11, 1946, recognized the principles formulated in
the London Charter and the judgments of the Nuremberg Tribunal. Likewise, he
requested the International Law Codification Committee to set as a priority the
drafting of an "International Criminal Code" that would specify crimes against the
peace and security of humanity in accordance with the principles applied at
Nuremberg. The creation of a permanent court was proposed shortly after, but
work was finally paralyzed.

The idea of international criminal law was reactivated in the last decade of the 20th
century. In 1993, as a result of rights violations during the Yugoslav Wars, the
United Nations Security Council agreed to create an International Criminal Tribunal
for the former Yugoslavia. In 1994, the Rwandan genocide also led to the approval
of the constitution of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

In 1993, the International Law Commission had begun preparatory work for the
establishment of a permanent international criminal court. In 1998, the Rome
Statute was signed, creating the International Criminal Court (ICC).

[edit]Courts of international criminal law

Currently, the most important court in this area is the International Criminal Court,
but there are also other courts created ad hoc. Some are exclusively international
in nature, such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or
the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Others are hybrids and are made
up of both national and international judges. This is the case of the Extraordinary
Chamber in the Courts of Cambodia, which investigates crimes in Democratic
Kampuchea, or the Special Court for Sierra Leone, in charge of prosecuting crimes
committed during the civil war.
[edit]Main international crimes

The International Criminal Court can hear the following international crimes:

 Genocide

 Crimes against humanity, which includes conduct classified as murder,

extermination, deportation or forced displacement, incarceration, torture,
rape, forced prostitution, forced sterilization, persecution for political,
religious, ideological, racial, ethnic or other expressly defined reasons,
disappearance forced or otherwise.

 War crimes, consisting of the violation of international humanitarian law,

especially the Geneva Conventions or other international conventions, as
well as the customary law that exists in this regard.

 Crime of assault
There are also a series of transnational crimes that are not the subject of
international criminal law, such as those listed below:

 Smuggling

 Human trafficking

 Arms trafficking

 Drug traffic

 Money laundering

[edit]Bibliography

Rodríguez Carrión, AJ: Lessons in Public International Law. Ed. Technos. Madrid,
2002. ISBN 84-309-3888-5.
Carrillo Salcedo, JA: The criminalization of barbarism: The International Criminal
Court. Ed. General Council of the Judiciary. Madrid, 2000. ISBN 84-89230-24-2.
Márquez Carrasco, C.: The process of codification and progressive development of
crimes against humanity. Edited by the Publications Secretariat of the University of
Seville. Seville, 2008. ISBN 978-84-472-07.
Márquez Carrasco, C.: The common elements of crimes against humanity in
International Criminal Law. Iustel: General Journal of Criminal Law, year 2008, no.
9. ISSN 1698-1189.
Márquez Carrasco, C: The specific elements of the behaviors constituting crimes
against humanity. Iustel: General Journal of Criminal Law, year 2008, no. 10. ISSN
1698-1189.
Rueda Fernández, C.: Crimes under international law: classification and
international repression. Bosch Publishing House, Madrid, 2001. ISBN 84-7676-
899-0.

Chapter I: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW

1. CONCEPT AND CONTENT:

International criminal law is the branch of law that defines international crimes and
regulates the functioning of the courts competent to hear cases in which individuals
incur international criminal responsibility, imposing the corresponding sanctions.
The emergence of this branch represents an important evolution with respect to
classical international law, which was essentially interstate and did not consider the
person as a subject of international law.

International Criminal Law has been established, strengthened and developed

within an environment of full international criminal activity, that is; "in the face of
violation by individuals of the norms of international law" [4] there is a "legal
reaction" [5] through a process of state cooperative improvement on the prevention
and repression of criminal acts.

Within what can be called the internationalization of crime, it is presented in two

aspects: The first functional and the second technological.

a) Functional.- This is assumed as the internationalization of danger in society, a

product of the carrying out of criminal acts, these being understood as crimes
against the peace and security of humanity, attacks against humanity, acts that
represent danger for some. States and/or breakdown of international relations.

b) Technological.- This is established as the internationalization of the forms and

methods of criminal acts; that is, the development of the international criminal
organization, illicit cross-border trafficking of goods and other values, use of
communications with the objective of carrying out criminal acts, illicit trafficking of
people, etc."[6]

Within international criminal law, the existence of the International Criminal Court is
especially relevant, the first permanent international court of justice, created in
1998 and based in The Hague, which we will delve into later in this work.

2. HISTORY

There are some precedents of international criminal law before the First World War.
However, it was after this war that the creation of a true international criminal court
was proposed that would prosecute those responsible for crimes committed during
the conflict. This was provided for in Part Seven of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919
to judge Kaiser William II of Germany; but the Netherlands offered asylum to the
emperor, which frustrated the initiative.

After the Second World War, the Allied powers agreed, by virtue of the London
Charter, to establish a court that would try not only war crimes, but also crimes
against humanity committed under the Nazi regime. The Nuremberg trials began
on November 20, 1945, and sentences were handed down on September 30 and
October 1, 1946. A similar court for Japanese war crimes was also created, the
International Military Criminal Tribunal for the Far East, which operated from 1946
to 1948.
The idea of international criminal law was reactivated in the last decade of the 20th
century. In 1993, as a result of rights violations during the Yugoslav Wars, the
United Nations Security Council agreed to create an International Criminal Tribunal
for the former Yugoslavia.

In 1994, the Rwandan genocide also led to the approval of the constitution of the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

In 1993, the International Law Commission had begun preparatory work for the
establishment of a permanent international criminal court. In 1998, the Rome
Statute was signed, creating the International Criminal Court (ICC).

Chapter II: COURTS OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW

Currently, the most important court in this area is the International Criminal Court,
but there are also other courts created ad hoc. Some are exclusively international
in nature, such as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or
the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Others are hybrids and are made
up of both national and international judges. This is the case of the Extraordinary
Chamber in the Courts of Cambodia, which investigates crimes in Democratic
Kampuchea, or the Special Court for Sierra Leone, in charge of prosecuting crimes
committed during the civil war.
Proposals to create international tribunals in charge of establishing the criminal
responsibility of individuals for the commission of certain crimes against human
rights have been of different types. The trials before the Nuremberg and Tokyo
Tribunals constituted the beginning of the application of the principle of individual
criminal responsibility for such acts, but the circumstances in which they carried out
their activities prevent them from being considered models of international criminal
justice.

It is from the constitution of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former
Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, as well as the approval
of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, where the bases of an
international criminal system with jurisdictional bodies are established responsible
for investigating and determining individual criminal responsibility for the
commission of serious crimes against human rights.

The characteristics of these courts are the following:

üThey are international courts, created by an international body according to

procedures of Public International Law. In the case of the tribunals for the former
Yugoslavia and for Rwanda, their creation was due to a decision of the Security
Council of the United Nations. In the case of the International Criminal Court, its
Statute was approved at the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of
Plenipotentiaries held in Rome in 1998.

üThey are courts that judge individuals. In this sense, they only have jurisdiction to
hear cases in which the individual responsibility of the subjects who have
participated in the contexts of violence that developed in the Former Yugoslavia
and Rwanda must be determined, or who have committed some of the crimes.
provided for in the Statute of the International Criminal Court.

üThey are courts with jurisdiction to determine the criminal responsibility of people
subject to their jurisdiction, imposing the respective custodial sentences, taking into
account the seriousness of the infraction and the personal situation of the accused.

üThey are independent courts, that is, in the exercise of their jurisdictional
functions they are not subordinated to the bodies or assemblies that decided on
their creation or approved their Statute.

üThey are collegiate courts, as they are made up of several judges from different
regions of the world.

The branch of Law that addresses the issue of international criminal courts is
International Criminal Law, whose object of study is the regulations referring to
crimes classified at the international level and the international courts with
jurisdiction to determine responsibility for the commission of these crimes. crimes
and establish the respective sanctions, aspects that are also established through
international instruments of a conventional nature. For this reason, to study
international criminal courts it is necessary to use concepts and institutions of
Criminal Law and International Law.

Now, as GARZON CLARIANA maintains: "international cooperation, in order to

materialize, requires the concurrence of three elements: a plurality of cooperating
subjects, an activity and specific purposes." [7]

1. The International Criminal Courts Ad-doc

TO. The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia emerged as a State at the end of World War II, inspired by federative
and democratic principles. After the death of Marshal Tito in 1980, architect of the
union of the territories of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro,
Serbia, Macedonia and the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina, old
ethnic and religious discrepancies between the different republics. This conflict is
exacerbated by economic problems produced after the fall of the Berlin Wall in
1989 and the subsequent dissolution of the Warsaw Pact.

After these events, internal ethnic conflicts began that led to a process of splitting
the Yugoslav territory, which began with the declaration of independence by
Croatia and Slovenia on June 25, 1991, mainly due to the fear caused by the
ultranationalist message. of the Serbian leaders, led by Slobodan Milosevic.

The conflict worsened in March 1992, when the citizens of Bosnia-Herzegovina

voted in a referendum in favor of their independence from the Federal Republic.
This position was not accepted by the so-called "Parliament of the Serbian People"
(made up of Bosnians of the Serbian ethnic group), which in turn proclaimed the
independence of the "Serbian Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovia", with the intention of
separating from the new Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina and unite with all the
Serbs of the former Yugoslavia to give life to the "Great Serbian Homeland", the
old ideal of this ethnic-religious group.

With this same purpose, the Serbs (who by April 1992 had already constituted a
new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, made up of the territories of Servia and
Montenegro), began a process of ethnic purification, which included summary
executions, forced disappearances of people, torture, cruel, inhuman and
degrading treatment, arbitrary detentions, systematic rapes, forced pregnancies
and prostitution of women, etc.

By the end of 1992, there were around 50,000 dead and 2 million displaced and
refugees, at the same time that Serbia occupied 70% of Yugoslav territory.

TO. Creation of the Court

Faced with this conflict, the United Nations Security Council, through its Resolution
808 (1993), of February 22, 1993, decided to establish an international court for the
prosecution of those allegedly responsible for serious violations of international
humanitarian law. committed in the territory of the former Yugoslavia since 1991
and requested the Secretary General of this organization to submit a report on this
issue.

The report of the Secretary-General, containing the Statute of the International

Tribunal, was presented to the Security Council, which, acting in accordance with
Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, approved it by its resolution 827
(1993) of 25 May 1993, thus establishing the International Tribunal for the former
Yugoslavia.
According to its Statute, the powers of the International Tribunal for the former
Yugolavia are the following:

Competence Statute of the International Tribunal for the Former

Yugoslavia
On the basis of The International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia has
matter (ratione jurisdiction to judge the following acts:
materiae) v Violations of the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949:
According to Article 2 of the Statute, the International Court is
empowered to prosecute persons who commit or give the order
to commit serious violations of the Geneva Conventions of
August 12, 1949. August 1949, namely, the following acts
directed against persons or property protected by the terms of
the provisions of said Convention:
a) Intentional homicide ;
b) Torture or inhuman treatment, including biological
experiments ;
c) Intentionally causing great suffering, or seriously harming
physical integrity or health ;
d) The destruction and appropriation of property not justified by
military needs, carried out illegally and unnecessarily on a large
scale ;
e) Forcing a prisoner or civilian to serve in enemy armed forces;
f) Depriving a prisoner of war or a civilian of his right to a
legitimate and impartial trial;
g) The expulsion or illegal transfer of a civilian or his illegal
detention;
h) The taking of civilians as hostages.
v Violations of the laws or practices of war: According to Article 3
of the Statute, such violations include, without this preventing
the recognition of others, the following:
a) The use of toxic weapons or other weapons designed to
cause useless suffering;
b) The wanton destruction of cities and towns, or devastation
not justified by military demands;
c) The attack or bombing, by any means, of cities, towns, homes
or undefended buildings;
d) The taking, destruction or deliberate damage of buildings
consecrated to religion , charity and teaching , arts and sciences
, historical monuments, works of art and works of a scientific
nature;
e) The pillage of public or private property.
 v Genocide: According to Article 4 of the Statute, the
International Court has jurisdiction to prosecute persons who
have committed genocide, as defined in paragraph 2 of the
aforementioned article, or any of the acts listed in paragraph 3
thereof. article.
Article 4, paragraph 2.- Genocide is understood to be any of the
following acts committed with the intention of destroying, in
whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group as
such:
a) Murder of members of the group;
b) Serious attacks against the physical or mental integrity of the
members of the group;
c) Intentional subjection of the group to conditions of existence
that lead to its total or partial physical destruction;
d) Measures to make births difficult within the group;
e) Forced transfers of children from the group to another group.
v Article 4, paragraph 3. The following acts will be punished:
a) The genocide;
b) Collaboration for the commission of genocide;
c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
d) The attempted genocide;
e) Complicity in genocide.
v Crimes against humanity.- According to Article 5 of the Statute,
the International Court is authorized to try those allegedly
responsible for the following crimes when they have been
committed in the course of an armed conflict, international or
internal, and directed against any civilian population :
a) Murder;
b) Extermination;
c) Reduction to servitude;
d) Expulsion;
e) Imprisonment;
f) Torture;
g) Violations;
h) Persecutions for political, racial or religious reasons;
i) Other inhuman acts.
According to the According to Article 6 of the Statute, the International Court has
person (ratione jurisdiction to establish the criminal responsibility of "natural
personae) persons", in accordance with the provisions of the Statute.
Due to territory According to Article 8 of the Statute, the jurisdiction of the
(ratione loci) International Court extends to the territory of the former Socialist
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, including its land space, its air
 space and its territorial waters.
Due to time According to Article 8 of the Statute, the jurisdiction of the
(ratione temporis) International Court extends to the period beginning January 1,
1991. According to resolution 827 (1993) of May 25, 1993), said
date will be extended until that date determined by the United
Nations Security Council.

b. Structure

The organs of the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia are:

The Chambers: Two Trial Chambers and an Appeals Chamber have been created.
The Trial Chambers are made up of 3 judges each and the Appeals Chambers are
made up of 5. In total, the Court is made up of eleven judges, elected by the United
Nations General Assembly, on a list presented by the Security Council, for a term
of 4 years. They can be re-elected.

These eleven judges elect the president of the Court, who must also join the
Appeals Chamber and preside over it. It is up to the president of the Court to
designate which Chamber each judge comprises, after consulting with them. In the
case of the judges of the Trial Chambers, they elect a president, responsible for all
proceedings before them.

The Prosecutor: Constitutes an autonomous and independent body within the

Court, in charge of the investigation stage and the necessary preliminary
procedures in each case. After carrying out the relevant investigation, the
Prosecutor decides whether or not to present an accusation, the validity of which
will be examined by a magistrate of the trial chamber.

The Prosecutor is appointed by the United Nations Security Council, following a

proposal by the Secretary General, for a mandate of 4 years, based on his moral
quality and his solid experience in the investigation of criminal matters.

The Secretariat: It is responsible for the administration and services of the Court
and is common to the Chambers and the Prosecutor. It is composed of a Secretary
(appointed by the Secretary General of the United Nations, after consultation with
the President of the Tribunal, for a renewable period of 4 years), and the staff
(appointed by the Secretary General on the recommendation of the Secretary of
the Tribunal).

b. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was created by the United
Nations Security Council on November 8, 1994, with the aim of pursuing, arresting,
trying and condemning the perpetrators or promoters of the Rwandan genocide.

On April 6, 1994, the presidents of Rwanda and Burundi, Juvenal Habyarimana

and Cyprien Ntaryamira respectively, died when the plane they were traveling in
crashed to the ground as a result of a terrorist attack, when it was on its way to
land in the capital Kigali.

This fact caused the beginning of an immeasurable massacre that affected the
Hutu and Tutsi communities that had lived since time immemorial in the area of the
African Great Lakes. Over a period of about a month, Hutu factions attacked Tutsis
and moderate Hutus. Faced with these serious events, the United Nations, strongly
criticized, like the United States, France and Belgium for its inaction in the worst
moments of the massacre, took the initiative to intervene on a large scale in the
area in order to stop the massacre. .

The antecedents revealed by the press of the time moved and impacted public
opinion around the world, given the fact that a genocide occurred after 50 years of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. With this background, and at the
express request of Rwanda - which occupied a non-permanent seat on the
Security Council at that time - it was decided that by virtue of the provisions of
Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, which orders the Council take the
necessary measures to restore peace and security to the world, it was decided to
establish an International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

B.1. Structure

The Tribunal created by Resolution No. 955 of November 8, 1994 of the United
Nations Security Council, is based on a structure similar to that of the International
Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. It is headquartered in the city of
Arusha, Tanzania, and its president is Erik Møse, from Norway.

It is made up of three trial chambers or chambers, made up of 3 judges. On August

14, 2002, the Security Council, by resolution, added to the permanent list of 16
judges, one of 8 judges ad Litem to complete and integrate the chambers of the
Court. Outside of these three trial chambers, the ICTR shares a chamber or
appeals chamber with the ICC for the former Yugoslavia.

In addition, the Court has a Prosecutor's Office, headed by Hassan Bubacar Jallow
from the Gambia. This is in charge of searching for evidence of the individual
perpetrators of the crimes investigated by the Court, in conjunction with an
Evidence Unit, and at the same time of accusing the people investigated before the
Court.

B.2. Functioning:

The operation of the Court is governed by the following principles regarding the
matter:

Genocide;
Crimes against humanity; and
Violations of common article 3 of the Geneva Conventions.
In terms of time, they are crimes committed between January 1 and December 31,
1994. And as for the interveners, they can be both Rwandans and foreigners who
were in Rwanda at the time the crimes were committed.

At the end of October 2005, the Court had ordered the arrest of more than 500
people, of whom 71 had been placed at its disposal. Of all of them, 6 were serving
a final sentence in Mali, while the rest (except 6 who were released) were awaiting
trial or sentence.

B.3. Akayesu Case

It constitutes a world milestone as it is considered the first international conviction

for Genocide and the first to recognize sexual violence as acts constituting
genocide. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, established on 8
November 1994, in the Akayesu case, found an accused guilty of rape for failing to
prevent or stop a rape in his official capacity, and not for having committed it
personally. The court found that the rape constituted torture and that, under the
circumstances, widespread rape, as part of "measures aimed at preventing births
within the group", constituted an act of genocide. For example, in societies where
ethnic membership is determined by the identity of the father, raping a woman to
get her pregnant may prevent her from giving birth to her child within her own
group.

Jean Paul Akayesu, former mayor of the Rwandan city of Taba, was arrested in
Zambia on October 10, 1995 and transferred to the Court Detention Unit in Arusha
on May 26, 1996. The trial began in June 1997 and on September 2, 1998,
Procedural Chamber I found him guilty of genocide, direct and public incitement to
commit genocide, and crimes against humanity. On October 2, 1998, he was
sentenced to life in prison. Akayasu is serving a life sentence in a Malian prison.

c. Extraordinary Chamber of the Courts of Cambodia

The Court of Cambodia is a Special Court of a mixed nature, established in the
Kingdom of Cambodia and with the support of the international community
represented by the United Nations, it intends to try the surviving leaders of the
Khmer Rouge regime that ruled the country between 1975 and 1979 and to which
the disappearance of at least one and a half million people is attributed.

C.1. Events

1975

April 17: The Khmer Rouge comes to power and forms Democratic Kampuchea. In
May 1975, Amnesty International sent the first cable of concern to the new
government over the execution of opponents. The reports of said organization
would be reiterated in February and May 1976 and in 1978 it prepared an
accusation report before the UN and the request to bring a trial against the leaders
of that government.

1977

François Ponchaud publishes his work "Cambodia, Year Zero" with his own
testimonies and the Cambodians who fled to the refugee camps in Thailand.
Gareth Porter and other intellectuals disqualified the work, claiming that they were
Ponchaud's exaggerations. Noam Chomsky intellectually defends the Khmer
Rouge regime until he reads Ponchaud's work and the two begin an exchange of
correspondence.

1978

December 25: Vietnam launches an invasion of Cambodia. In the ranks there are
many followers of the Khmer Rouge and other political movements who had taken
refuge in Vietnam. They will play a key role in the story that follows.

1979

October: The Khmer Rouge regime falls due to the invasion of Vietnam. This
political movement retreated to the northwest of the country and began a guerrilla
war, first against Vietnam, then in 1993 against the new government of the
Kingdom of Cambodia. Cambodia is divided into two states and one corresponds
to that of the Khmer Rouge.

1991
October: The Paris Peace Agreement is signed. Amnesty International insists on
the need to prosecute those responsible for the massacres.

1996

Leng Sary, Minister of International Relations of Democratic Kampuchea is

amnestied. AI protests before the National Assembly.

1998

April 16: Following Pol Pot's death, Human Rights Watch told a group of countries
known as "Friends of Cambodia" in Thailand that efforts should continue to bring
surviving Khmer Rouge leaders before an International Tribunal. of Justice. The
director of that organization, Sidney Jones, said that "Pol Pot may have been the
most important figure in the Khmer Rouge, but he was not the only one responsible
for the massacres."

1999

Duch, the director of the S-21 torture center, is captured. He is placed in a military
prison without trial.

2003

March 31: The UN presents a report on the trial of the Khmer Rouge that
establishes the constitution of a mixed court: (foreign and national judges).

2006

July 20: Former King Norodom Sihanouk calls for remains of genocide victims to
be cremated: The former king said victims' bones should be burned in accordance
with Buddhist tradition, rather than displayed for "pleasure." of tourists", although
the government argues that they are evidence for the trial that the International
Court will carry out next year.

July 21: Khmer Rouge Butcher Ta Mok died. One of the top leaders of the Khmer
Rouge, Ta Mok, died in the Phnom Penh Military Hospital, after having been
hospitalized a few weeks earlier for blood pressure problems. Ta Mok, known as
the Butcher and a key player in the trial that will be carried out against the Khmer
Rouge, died at the age of 82.

July 24: Opposition leader calls for more protection for witnesses and accused.
Opposition leader Sam Rainsy called for more protection for witnesses and
defendants in the Khmer Rouge trial after hearing the news of Ta Mok's death. For
the political leader, this is an issue of vital importance and the people directly
involved must have all possible guarantees such as physical safety and health.

August 14: - Ta Mok, mourned by hundreds, feared by millions, was the headline in
the English-language Cambodian newspaper Phnom Penh Post (July 28 - August
10) in reference to the funeral of one of the most important Khmer leaders. Reds.
In fact, the funeral in the city of Anlong Veng, one of the former strongholds of said
group, was attended by a crowd that attended the Buddhist ceremonies between
July 22 and 24 to bid farewell to the former and controversial leader of the regime.
who governed the country between 1975 and 1979. "Certainly those who shed
tears during his funeral in that old JR fort (...) did not include the tears of the victims
or relatives of more than 20 thousand civilians who were taken to the countryside
to be killed or forced to work after that Ta Mok's soldiers captured Oudong in March
1974," the media outlet writes on its cover.

2007

July: The Court makes official the arrest of Duch who was in a military prison
without trial.

September 19: Nuon Chea taken into custody: Pol Pot's second-in-command,
Nuon Chea, was taken into custody by Cambodian police with international
observers and a journalist. The leader of the Khmer Rouge was arrested in the
Thai border town of Pailín, which was one of the strongholds of the Khmer Rouge,
and taken to Phnom Penh where he will remain in prison awaiting trial for crimes
against humanity. and genocide. Nuon Chea was the most important man in the
movement after Pol Pot, although he has always denied that Cambodia
experienced a genocide during his regime. The arrest of Nuon Chea is perhaps
one of the most important in the history of the Tribunal and leaves in the balance
the protection that people like Ieng Sary and Khieu Samphan have, who currently
enjoy the privilege of amnesty because they took advantage of the peace talks with
the government in 1989.

A temple in the mass graves full of skulls of the victims is one of the proofs of the
bloodthirsty regime

November 12: Ieng Sary is arrested: Ieng Sary, who was amnestied during the
peace talks that Hun Sen's government and the Khmer Rouge signed in 1989, is
arrested. The leader of said movement, who was the foreign minister of
Democratic Kampuchea, was arrested by the Cambodian police at his residence in
Phnom Penh and taken to the place where he must be soon to respond before the
International Court. His wife, Ieng Thirith, was also arrested on similar charges of
crimes against humanity.

November 19: Khieu Samphan is arrested: Called "the brain of the movement",
president of Democratic Kampuchea, one of the main ideologues of the Khmer
Rouge, was arrested in the morning hours by Cambodian police in Phnom Penh, a
where he had gone for medical check-ups. With Samphan's arrest, the top
leadership of the Khmer Rouge is in custody: Duch, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Ieng
Thirith and Khieu Samphan. Of the top leaders who led the almost extinct
movement, only four have died: Pol Pot, Khieu Ponnary, Ta Mok and Son Sen.

November 21, 2007: Duch, director of the interrogation, torture and execution
center, faces the Court in public debate for the first time. Accused of war crimes
and crimes against humanity. He is charged with 14 thousand torture orders in S-
21. Duch appealed to the Court to take into account that he was detained for 8
years, 6 months and 10 days without trial. This first public session was attended by
500 victims, diplomats, journalists and other people chosen by lottery.

C.2. Constitution [

UN scholars on the Khmer Rouge case concluded that between 20 and 30 people
related to the regime should be put on trial for Crimes against Humanity and
specifically for genocide. Hun Sen's government did not accept this proposal in
principle, but argued that any trial should be done in the South African manner with
a commission to investigate the cases. Many Cambodian leaders argued that
reopening the Khmer Rouge files was reopening old wounds in sensitive
Cambodian society.

The official name of the Court is "Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of

Cambodia".

Purpose: Bring to justice the main leaders of Democratic Kampuchea and those
most recognized responsible for serious crimes committed in Cambodia between
April 17, 1975 and January 6, 1979.

Conformation: The Chamber is made up of judges and prosecutors.

The co-judges are in charge of collecting evidence. A case will only be brought
when there is sufficient evidence that the subject was in fact a leader of
Democratic Kampuchea or is responsible for serious crimes.
The co-prosecutors, with sufficient evidence, will decide which subject will be
formally accused of crimes. However, most of the investigations will be done by the
co-judges. Once the Trial begins, the prosecutors will present the evidence before
the Court.

The chief defender was chosen by the United Nations and is responsible for
ensuring that all internationally recognized conditions are met in court. If the
accused cannot have a lawyer, the main defender has the obligation to provide one
who meets the required conditions.

The judges of the Pre-Trial Chamber are those who, in the case in which the co-
judges and co-prosecutors do not agree to file a formal accusation, make the
decision. Neither co-prosecutors nor co-judges can block a case with sufficient
evidence.

The judges in the Trial Chamber are the ones who listen to the evidence presented
by the prosecution and defense. They consider both sides and determine
innocence or guilt. Judges must submit a written report explaining the reasons for
their decision in order of guilt. At least four judges must agree that a person is
guilty.

Judges in the Upper House hear cases after they have been tried in the Trial
Chamber. The Upper House can reverse a conviction or a presumption of
innocence. Five of the judges of the Upper House must agree in order to determine
that a person is guilty. The latter may also choose not to hear a case and this
implies a tacit approval of the decision of the Trial Chamber.

d. Special Court for Sierra Leone

The Special Court for Sierra Leone was established jointly by the Government of
Sierra Leone and the United Nations. Its mandate is to prosecute those who bear
the greatest responsibility for the serious violations of international humanitarian
law and Sierra Leone law, which have occurred in the territory of Sierra Leone
since November 30, 1996.

Much of the regime instability since Strasser's coup in 1992 can be blamed on the
prolonged civil war that began in March 1991. A rebellion, led by Foday Sankoh of
the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), began in the south-eastern region of the
country and by March 1995, had affected all but one district of the country. The
RUF leadership is primarily made up of Temne people, as are most of its troops.
Sankoh himself and most of his lieutenants are Temne and, according to them,
fight against the Mende hegemony. Ahmed Tejan Kabbah is half Mende and his
SLPP (Sierra Leone People's Party) is fundamentally Mende. The RUF has
repeatedly denounced that the SLPP has marginalized non-Mende ethnic groups
and that they have used ethnic criteria in the appointment of Government
ministers. Following the May 1997 coup, however, the RUF asked Sankoh to
support the new military government of Commander Johnny Koroma. The until
then rebels chose to associate themselves with the military government, but then
the Kamajors, the Mende militias organized on the basis of traditional hunting
groups, took over the fight against the RUF government.

The consequences of this endless civil war are that between ten and fifteen
thousand civilians in the northeast and southeast have lost their lives since 1991,
killed by both armies or by starvation, and half of the country's population (2 million
people) have been forced to leave their homes and move to safer areas at some
point during the conflict. The most affected districts have been Moyamba, Bo,
Kenema, Kailahun, Tonkolili, Kono and Pujehun.

The hope of stabilization during the summer of 1998, following the intervention of
UN troops, composed of Nigerian ECOMOG troops, was soon shattered following
atrocities against civilians during the following months. Foday Sankoh's calls for his
own troops to lay down their arms have been to no avail, in part because both
sides fear that after peace would come trials for treason and crimes against
humanity that could involve Sankoh himself.

In 2002, with the support of the international community, the civil war was put to an
end. The UN international peace mission announced the end of hostilities on
January 14, 2002[8]. Free elections were held that same year.[9]

Despite the end of the war, the socioeconomic problems that caused it are still
present in Sierra Leone, with some fearing a resurgence of violence[10]

Once the civil war ended, an international tribunal was established to condemn
those responsible for the atrocities committed against Sierra Leonean civilians. In
this way, in 2007 Alex Tamba Brima, Brima Bazzy Kamara and Santigie Borbor Kan
were convicted. The former president of Liberia, Charles Taylor, was also
prosecuted for crimes committed during the civil war, as he supported the rebels,
with weapons, in exchange for diamond trafficking. He was extradited to the
country, but the growing instability due to his presence forced him to be brought
before the court in The Hague for trial.

Chapter III: THE ROME STATUTE AND THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
The Rome Statute is the constituent instrument of the International Criminal Court.
It was adopted in the city of Rome, Italy, on July 17, 1998, during the "Diplomatic
Conference of Plenipotentiaries of the United Nations on the Establishment of an
International Criminal Court."

During the Conference, the United States, Israel and China made common cause
against it. Despite this, both Israel and the United States signed but did not ratify
the Treaty. In fact, the signing by the North American side was made by former
President Bill Clinton just one day before leaving power to George W. Bush.

Despite the international experience in signing multilateral treaties, the same

statute established a high quorum for its entry into force (60 countries).

However, the process was extremely fast, starting with Senegal until ten countries
together deposited the instrument of ratification with the General Secretariat of the
United Nations on April 11, 2002. The Statute came into force on July 1, 2002.

1. Historical background: from Nürnberg and Tokyo to Rwanda and the former
Yugoslavia

The Nuremberg Trials or, also, Nuremberg Trials were a set of jurisdictional
processes undertaken at the initiative of the Allied nations, winners at the end of
the Second World War, in which the responsibilities of leaders, officials and
collaborators of the National Socialist regime of Adolf Hitler in the different crimes
and abuses committed in the name of the Third German Reich starting on
September 1, 1939.

Developed in the German city of Nuremberg between 1945 and 1949, the process
that had the greatest impact on world public opinion was the one known as the
Main Nuremberg Trial or Nuremberg Trial, conducted from November 20, 1945 by
the International Military Tribunal. (TMI) (whose support was the London Charter),
against 24 of the captured main surviving leaders of the Nazi government, and
several of its main organizations.

Twelve other subsequent trials were conducted by the United States Military Court,
among which were the so-called Trial of the Doctors and Trial of the Judges.

The classification of crimes and abuses carried out by the courts and the
foundations of their constitution represented a legal advance that would later be
used by the United Nations for the development of specific international
jurisprudence on war of aggression, war crimes and crimes in against humanity, as
well as for the constitution, starting in 1998, of the permanent International Criminal
Court.

1.1. The legitimacy

Although the legitimacy of the Court was in question from the first moment - as
there were no similar precedents in the entire history of universal prosecution - the
work carried out to classify the crimes (also until then unusual in their magnitude)
and the procedures for the development of the case would henceforth serve for the
constitution of international justice.

In this way, concepts about crimes that were previously absent or vaguely defined,
such as crime against humanity, evoked in the 1907 Hague Convention, were
concretized. The traditional approach to the rules of international law, which
focused on relations between States, but not on the rights and duties of individuals,
was also modified. Since then, crimes committed by individuals of a nation
throughout several countries could be tried internationally by all of the affected
countries, as was precisely the case with the formation of the Nuremberg Tribunal.

1.2. Crimes

The defendants were charged with four crimes[11]:

v War crimes, the existence of murders, torture and rape, acts contrary to the Laws
of War.

v Crimes against humanity, when extermination and mass death were faced.

v Genocide, when an entire specific ethnic group was killed.

v War of aggression, based on premeditation to disturb the peace and understood

as the process to attack the internal security of a sovereign State.

1.3. The accused:

Of 4,850 requests for individual prosecutions, 611 people were charged. The
groups were classified between non-criminal organizations, where the State
structure (Government and Army) was located, and criminal organizations, which
were all those parallel structures of Nazi power such as the Gestapo, the SS and
the Nazi Party. The most notable were: Karl Dönitz, grand admiral of the German
Fleet and successor to Adolf Hitler after his suicide; Rudolf Hess, SS general and
Hitler's lieutenant, fled to Britain and captured in 1941; Hermann Goering,
Commander of the Luftwaffe and President of the Reichstag; Alfred Jodl, chief of
the General Staff of the Wehrmacht; Wilhelm Keitel, head of the Wehrmacht High
Command; Alfred Rosenberg, ideologist of the Nazi Party; Joachim von
Ribbentrop, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Albert Speer, architect and Minister of
Armaments; Franz von Papen, Nazi ambassador to Austria and Türkiye.
Among those who had died and fled before being tried were: Adolf Hitler, Joseph
Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda who committed suicide along with Heinrich
Himmler, head of the Gestapo and ideologist of the Jewish extermination, and the
escaped Adolf Eichmann, senior leader of the Nazi Party in charge of the logistics
of the extermination, and Martin Bormann, Hitler's personal secretary since 1942.

1.4. The judgments

Defendants during one of the Nuremberg Trials known as the Trial of the Ministers:
from left to right in the front row: State Secretaries Ernst von Wiezsaecker, Gustav
Adolf Steengracht von Moyland, Wilhelm Keppler and Ernst Wilhelm Bohle.
Second row: Press Officer Otto Dietrich, SS General Gottlob Berger, Intelligence
Chief Walter Schellenberg and Reich Finance Minister Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk.
At the bottom of the photograph the defense.

There is actually a trial carried out by the International Military Criminal Court,
established by the London Charter, in 1945. There were also a series of trials
carried out after the main one, where minor officials of the State, the Army, doctors
and German industrialists were tried.

The list of trials is as follows:

1. The Trial of the Doctors, followed against 24 doctors who carried out macabre
research on humans in the concentration camps. The most famous of them, the
angel of death Josef Mengele managed to flee, since the allies did not know his
identity and the crimes he had committed.

2. The trial against Erhard Milch, German field marshal, accused of serious crimes
in concentration camps.

3. The Trial of the Judges, followed against 16 lawyers and judges who established
the National Socialist legal apparatus.

4. The Pohl Trial, followed against the Endlösung office, administratively in charge
of the concentration and extermination camps. Its boss was Oswald Pohl.

5. The Flick Trial, followed against the German industrialist Friedrich Flick, for the
use of slave labor and crimes against humanity.
6. The Trial of the IG Farben German industrial chemical company, which, like Flick
and Krupp, profited from slave labor.

7. The Austral Case or Hostage Trial, in which the responsibility of the German
high command for the massacres and serious violations of the Laws of War during
the Balkan Campaign was pursued.

8. The RuSHA Trial followed against the promoters of the idea of racial purity and
the Lebensborn program.

9. The macabre Trial of the Einsatzgruppen, followed against the SS death

brigades that practiced the local extermination of the Jews through the
Einsatzgruppen.

10. The Krupp Trial, followed against the leaders of the famous industrial group, for
their participation in the preparation of the war and the use of slave labor during the
war.

11. The High Command Trial, followed against the generals of the German Army,
Navy and Air Force, for the commission of serious and terrible atrocities during the
war.

12. The main trial: against the main figures of the Nazi State and Army took place
in the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.

1.5. Accused and their sentences

During the main trial, the Court's Prosecutor's Office presented accusations against
24 Nazi leaders. Of all of them, only Albert Speer, Hans Frank and Baldur von
Schirach expressed remorse for the crimes committed.

In summary, the court handed down 11 death sentences, 3 sentences to life

imprisonment, 2 to twenty years, and one to 15 and another to 10 years. The
owner of the Krupp factories was declared incapable of standing trial. Hans
Fritzsche, Franz von Papen and Hjalmar Schacht were acquitted of their charges.

Name Post Judgment

Martin Bormann Hess's successor as secretary of the Death (in absence)
Nazi Party
Hans Frank Governor General of occupied Poland Death
Wilhelm Frick Minister of the Interior, authorized the Death
 Nuremberg Racial Laws
Hermann Goring Commander of the Luftwaffe and Death
president of the Reichstag.
Alfred Jodl Chief of Operations of the Wehrmacht Death
Ernst Head of the RSHA and the Death
Kaltenbrunner einsatzgruppen
Wilhelm Keitel Commander of the Wehrmacht Death
Joachim von Minister of Foreign Affairs Death
Ribbentrop
Alfred Rosenberg Ideologue of racism and Minister of the Death
Occupied Territories
Fritz Sauckel Slave Labor Program Director Death
Arthur Seyss- Leader of the Anschluss and governor of Death
Inquart the occupied Netherlands
Julius Streicher Head of the anti-Semitic newspaper Der Death
Stürmer
Walter Funk Economy Minister Life imprisonment
Rudolf Hess Hitler's aide Life imprisonment
Erich Raeder Commander-in-Chief of the Life imprisonment
Kriegsmarine
Albert Speer Nazi leader and Minister of Armaments 20 years
Baldur von Leader of the Hitler Youth 20 years
Schirach
Konstantin von Foreign Minister, "Protector" of Bohemia 15 years
Neurath and Moravia
Karl Donitz Hitler's designated successor and 10 years
commander of the Kriegsmarine
Hans Fritzsche Assistant to Joseph Goebbels in the Acquitted
Ministry of Propaganda
Franz von Papen Minister and vice chancellor Acquitted
Hjalmar Schacht Former president of the Reichsbank Acquitted
Gustav Krupp Industrialist who profited from slave No conviction
labor
Robert Ley Head of the German Labor Corps No conviction

1.6. Compliance with sentences

Those sentenced to death were executed on October 16, 1946, by hanging.
Hermann Göring committed suicide the day before with a cyanide capsule, and
Robert Ley on October 25, 1945, before the verdict. After his hanging, the remains
were cremated and the ashes scattered in the Isar River.

Martin Bormann was tried and convicted in absentia, although it was later learned
that he died during the fall of Berlin, on May 2, 1945.

Those sentenced to life imprisonment served their sentences in Spandau Prison,

until the death of the last of them, Rudolf Hess, in 1987. Of all those sentenced to
prison terms, only four served them fully, since Neurath (in 1954), Raeder (in 1955)
and Funk (in 1957) were released. For more than 20 years the only occupant was
Hess, after the liberation of Speer in 1966.

1.7. After effects

The set of procedures carried out in both Nuremberg and Tokyo meant the
establishment of basic rules for the persecution of war criminals and the
determination of such crimes.

Within these effects, it is worth highlighting that the Tribunal established the bases
of what would be erroneously called the Nuremberg Principles, today included in
various aspects in the International Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and
Rwanda.

The main legacy of these International Tribunals (Tokyo and Nuremberg) is the
International Criminal Court, established in Rome in 1998 and which has as the
founding basis of its rules of procedure the Statutes of the Tribunals of Nuremberg,
Tokyo, the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda.

It was also of vital importance when writing:

v The Genocide Convention of 1948.

v Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948.

v Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their protocols of 1977.

2. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

The Rome Statute is the constituent instrument of the International Criminal Court.
It was adopted in the city of Rome, Italy, on July 17, 1998, during the "Diplomatic
Conference of Plenipotentiaries of the United Nations on the Establishment of an
International Criminal Court".[12]

During the Conference, the United States, Israel and China made common cause
against it. Despite this, both Israel and the United States signed but did not ratify
the Treaty. In fact, the signing by the North American side was made by former
President Bill Clinton just one day before leaving power to George W. Bush.

Despite the international experience in signing multilateral treaties, the same

statute established a high quorum for its entry into force (60 countries). However,
the process was extremely fast, starting with Senegal until ten countries together
deposited the instrument of ratification with the General Secretariat of the United
Nations on April 11, 2002. The Statute came into force on July 1, 2002.

The International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (sometimes called the International Criminal

Court) is a permanent international court of justice whose mission is to try people
who have committed crimes of genocide, war and crimes against humanity such as
slavery, apartheid, extermination, murders, forced disappearances, torture,
kidnappings and the crime of aggression, among others. It is based in The Hague,
Netherlands.

a) Characteristics of the International Criminal Court

Part IX of the Statute deals with international cooperation and judicial assistance.
Articles 86 to 101 are, therefore, dedicated to defining the powers and assistance
procedures that can be used by the ICC through its different bodies and instances.
Essentially, it should be noted that the ICC can develop acts of active and passive
assistance. It can therefore act as a requesting or requested entity (Cfr. Arts. 87,96,
98).

The regulations include assistance in first, second and third degree measures.
That is, they can materialize in communication procedures, the supply and
reception of evidence, the application of measures on assets, and even extradition.
However, this last type of cooperation is called acts of detention and surrender (Cf.
Arts.89 to 92)

Among the main assistance measures contemplated in the Statute (Cfr. Art.93) are
the following:

- Location and Detention of People

- Delivery of Detained Persons

- Identification of People and Objects

- Performance and presentation of evidence

- Interrogation of People (Exhortations or Letters Rogatory)

- Document Notification

- Voluntary appearance of Experts and Witnesses

- Provisional Transfer of Detained Persons

- Carrying out Eye Inspections

- Exhumation and Examination of Corpses and mass graves

- Raids and Seizures

- Transmission of Records and Documents, including Officials

- Protection of Victims and Witnesses

- Evidence Preservation

- Identification and immobilization of the proceeds of crime

- Seizure and Freezing of Assets Derived from the Proceeds of Crime for
subsequent Confiscation

- Any other Type of Assistance not prohibited by the Legislation of the State
Required and suitable for the investigation or trial

In relation to States Parties, the Rome Statute obliges them to provide the broadest
and most timely judicial assistance to the ICC. Article 86 also specifies that
cooperation can be demanded for any procedural stage. That is, it may be required
during the investigation phase or for trial purposes. The only requirement in this
regard is that the punishable acts that motivate the request for assistance fall
within the jurisdiction of the ICC.
According to article 5 of the Statute, such crimes are: crimes of genocide, crimes
against humanity, war and aggression. It is noteworthy that the concurrence of
other requests for cooperation that could be presented to the same State where a
request for assistance required by the ICC is being processed, must be resolved
giving, as far as possible, preeminence to the request of the international
Jurisdictional Body (Cf. Art.90).

Now, a first development of this obligation of general and preeminent assistance

links States with the need to adapt and strengthen their internal legal systems to
make viable with efficiency and effectiveness the assistance procedures exercised
by the ICC (Cf. Art. 88).It is worth noting that the real effectiveness of the
assistance requested will depend, to a large extent, on the willingness of the States
to adapt their internal regulations. As RODRÍGUEZ GÓMEZ warns: "a lack of
collaboration or delay can impede the administration of justice, especially in the
context of criminal prosecutions in which evidence, testimonies and other elements
can be destroyed, lost or whose value can be lost." be diminished with the passage
of time."[13]

The dual possibility offered by the Rome Statute for the processing of ICC requests
is questionable and that, together with an implicit direct requirement towards the
Central Authorities, it proposes as an ordinary means the use of the inveterate and
inefficient diplomatic channel (Cf. Art. 87).

Finally, it should be noted that the ICC will assume the extraordinary expenses
required by the assistance requested by it. The requested State, on the other hand,
must cover the ordinary expenses. The latter will also be paid by the ICC in cases
of collaboration requirements that are formulated by the States (Cfr. Art. 100)

b) Organization of the International Criminal Court

b.1. History

The political and doctrinal foundations behind the establishment of an international

court for the prosecution of crimes are longstanding in the West. Already in 1919,
once the First World War had ended, the victorious countries wanted to try Kaiser
Wilhelm II of Germany for the crime of aggression, but an agreement was never
reached on the matter.

Building of the International Court of The Hague

Its most direct original foundation is found in the Nuremberg Trials and the Tokyo
Trials, which we talked about in the previous chapter of this work. Although the first
of these has been the subject of serious criticism - both for criminally punishing
legal entities such as the SS or the Gestapo, or for not applying principles of
temporality and territoriality of crimes - were together considered a great advance
in international justice.

Later, at the dawn of the United Nations, the Security Council recommended to a
panel of experts that the possibility of establishing a permanent court of justice in
criminal matters be explored. However, after long debates, the idea did not prosper
until the serious events of the Yugoslav genocide (1991 - 1995) and the Rwandan
genocide (1994).

Partly because of these tragic events, and because of the development achieved
by International Human Rights Law and International Criminal Law, a Diplomatic
Conference of United Nations plenipotentiaries on the establishment of a Criminal
Court was held in the city of Rome. International, in whose final act, signed on July
17, 1998, the International Criminal Court was established. It is then the first
permanent international judicial body in charge of prosecuting and condemning the
most serious crimes, committed by individuals, against International Law.

Aware that all peoples are united by close ties and their cultures make up a
common heritage and observing with concern that this delicate mosaic can be
broken at any time,

Bearing in mind that, in this century, millions of children, women and men have
been victims of atrocities that defy the imagination and deeply move the
conscience of humanity,

Recognizing that these serious crimes constitute a threat to the peace, security
and well-being of humanity,

Affirming that the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as
a whole must not go unpunished and that, to this end, measures must be taken at
the national level and international cooperation intensified to ensure that they are
effectively brought to justice Justice...

Rome Statute, Preamble

One of the ideas that led that assembly was to turn the Court into a truly
international organization. Despite the criticism that the ratification rules that do not
allow reservations aroused at the time, a high number of quorum was established
for it to take effect (60 ratifications).
The ratifications were achieved in 4 years, with the Statute coming into force on
July 1, 2002.

Due to the principle of independence of the Court, and to guarantee its political
impartiality, the Assembly of States Parties (ASP) is not an organ of the ICC. The
AEP functions instead as the legislative arm of the Court that also guarantees its
financing.

The ICC has 3 bodies, the Chambers, the Prosecutor's Office and the Secretariat.
The Chambers assign a President and two vice-presidents. The 18 judges that
make up the chamber are elected by the Assembly of States Parties:

Post Current name

President Mr. Philippe KIRSCH ( Canada )
Mrs. Akua KUENYEHIA (Ghana)
Vice-Presidents:
Mr. René BLATTMANN ( Bolivia )
Fiscal Mr. Luis Moreno Ocampo (Argentina)

b.2. Functioning:

The Court functions as an autonomous body from any other power or state.
However, this does not prevent it from having the collaboration of the public powers
of each country in the fulfillment of its duty.

b.3. Crimes you may know about:

The crimes that the Court can hear are limited to those indicated in Article 5 of the
Rome Statute, which are:

a) Genocide (art. 6);

b) Crimes against humanity (art. 7);

c) War crimes (art. 8); and

d) The crime of aggression (not defined).

b.4. Applicable principles

The operation of the Court is governed by a series of rules and principles that
transform it into a special court, only to hear truly particular cases. The applicable
principles are:

Complementarity: the Court functions only when a country does not or cannot
judge the facts within the jurisdiction of the court;
Nullum crime sine lege: the crime must be defined at the time of commission and
be within the jurisdiction of the Court;
Nulla poena sine lege: a person convicted by the Court can only be punished as
ordered by the Statute;
Irretroactivity ratione personae: no one can be prosecuted by the Court for acts or
crimes committed prior to its entry into force;
Individual criminal liability: legal entities will not be subject to punitive claims,
except as an aggravating event due to illicit association;
The Court is not competent to try those who were under 18 years of age at the time
of the commission of the alleged crime;
Inadmissibility of official position: everyone is equal before the Court, even if the
accused is, for example, head of state;
Responsibility for the position;
Imprescriptibility; and
Responsibility for compliance with office: it does not exempt from criminal liability.
b.5. Investigation and prosecution

The investigation of facts that constitute crimes can be initiated in three ways (art.
13):

By referral of a State Party to the Court of a particular situation;

At the request of the United Nations Security Council (where the reverse veto
applies); and
Ex officio by the Prosecutor of the Court.
Once the Prosecutor handles this background, he can either file it or present an
accusation that is reviewed by the Preliminary Matters Chamber, which reviews the
background asserted by the Prosecutor. If appropriate, the accusation is accepted
and is heard by the Court of First Instance, where the trial takes place. Once
acquitted or convicted, both the Prosecutor and the convicted person, if applicable,
can appeal or marry before the Court of Appeals.

b.6. Penalties and enforcement

The penalties that the sentence may establish may be imprisonment for a period of
no more than 30 years, or (due to the seriousness of the crimes) life imprisonment,
in addition to a fine and confiscation of the species that are the property of the
convicted person (art. . 77).

The execution of the sentence can be carried out in the country where the Court is
located (Holland) or in another in accordance with the agreements that may be
established between the Court and other countries.

b.7. Present

The Statute of the Court has not been signed or ratified, among other countries, by
the United States, Russia, China, India, Israel, Chile, Cuba and Iraq, which
denotes the policy of avoiding submitting these types of cases to supranational
organizations.

The particular case of the United States is the most controversial. On August 2,
2002, the US Congress passed the American Servicemembers' Protection Act
(ASPA) with the clear objective of weakening the Court. This law prohibits US
federal, state, and local governments and agencies (including courts and law
enforcement agencies) from attending the Court.

Accordingly, the extradition of any person from the United States to the Court is
prohibited and agents of the Court are prohibited from conducting investigations in
the United States. The law also prohibits US military aid to countries that are
parties to the Court. Additionally, the President of the United States is authorized to
use "all necessary and appropriate means to secure the release of any [US or
allied personnel] detained or imprisoned, on behalf of, or at the request of, the
International Criminal Court."

The first cases known to the Court were situations of international crimes in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, the Central African Republic and
Sudan, referred by the countries themselves and by the United Nations Security
Council in the case of Sudanese Darfur.

On a historic day, October 14, 2005, it was announced to the press that the
Prosecutor of the Court issued international search and immediate arrest warrants
against five Ugandans belonging to the Lord's Resistance Army, for serious crimes
committed in that country. African.

As of April 5, 2008, 106 countries have signed the Rome Statute of the
International Criminal Court, 30 of them are from African countries, 13 from Asian
countries, 16 from Eastern Europe, 22 from Latin America and the Caribbean and
25 from Europe. of the West and other countries.
Conclusions
As we have observed throughout the development of this work, it is easy for
humanity to fall into the emotional discourse of penalizing conduct that violates
human rights for the simple fact that what is at stake are internationally recognized
rights and freedoms. . In reality, in the name of human rights, legal figures have
been devised designed to increase the scope of Criminal Law: universal
jurisdiction, imprescriptibility and omission of the Principle of Criminal Legality. In
this way, with a liberal and progressive discourse, authoritarian measures are
justified. As Clara Szczaranski points out when studying the massive human rights
violations in Chile:

(…) the sanction of crimes against human rights in the international and national
order presents great contradictions: on the one hand, treaties, pacts and norms of
States respect the guiding criterion of benignity, the pro reo principle and the so-
called presumption of innocence, among other substantive and procedural
guarantees for offenders and on the other hand, treaties and pacts (even the same
ones) regarding the specific protection of human rights do not consider, for
example, the principles of strict legality when defining broad, open hypotheses of
crimes against human rights, and even more so, without predetermining the
consequent penalties with accuracy. Such undue compartmentalization of
Humanitarian Law and Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure has not been
definitively resolved in a satisfactory manner even by the Treaty of Rome of 1998,
in force in more than 90 countries to date."[14]

As we could see in this work, there is a great contradiction, following what Clara
Szczaranski points out, is that a nation so powerful and "democratic" that interferes
in all the problems of other countries, does not want to sign the Rome Statute, it is
That is, do not want to submit to international guidelines that have already been
consulted and evaluated. We are referring to the United States, which is reluctant
to sign the treaty, and has gone further, boycotting the creation of the International
Criminal Court. But unfortunately, this is not the only country. Powers like China
and Russia have not wanted to agree either. The reason? Only they know it, but it
leaves a bad taste for the rest of the countries that have accepted international
doctrine.

Another highly relevant aspect addressed in our work was the evaluation of the
elements used in the various criminal oversight entities; how they arise, what were
their causes and the effects that they had on the international community. In this
way, we seek to identify possible alternatives for the better protection of human
rights and greater compliance with the Rome Statute and the organizations in
charge of monitoring the effectiveness of international criminal law.

Various punishments have been given, which although palliative, do not amount to
the ideal of Justice that humanity requires. There have been many cases of
genocide, rape, torture, etc. that human beings have been committed against
human beings. Let us hope that with the implementation of effective controls, these
atrocities will never be repeated again.

Bibliography
1. GARZÓN CLARIANA, Gregorio. On the Notion of Cooperation in International
Law, in Spanish Journal of International Law No. 1, 1976.

2. IGNATENKO GV; Kuchin MV; Lazutin LA; Maroshkin CY; Ostapenko DD;
Savitski PI & Others. "International Law".2000. Norma Publishing. Moscow p. 414.
Translated from Russian to Spanish by Wilson Alcántara Terán

3. OTERO, Juan Manuel: "More Criminal Law? punishment and International

Criminal Law" JURA GENTIUM Center for the philosophy of international law and
global politics. [Cited January 6, 2006] Available at:
http://dex1.tsd.unifi.it/juragentium/es/index.htm?surveys/wlgo/otero.htm

4. PRADO SALDARRIAGA, Víctor Roberto. International Judicial Cooperation in

Criminal Matters: The Rome Statute and National Legislation.

5. RODRÍGUEZ CARRIÓN, Alejandro (2002), Lessons in Public International Law,

Madrid: Tecnos.

6. RODRÍGUEZ GÓMEZ, Carmen. Challenging Impunity: An International Criminal

Court for the 21st Century, in Criminal Law: International Implications. Colex.
Madrid, 1999, p.118.

7. SALMÓN, Elizabeth and Giovanna García. International courts that judge

individuals: the case of the ad-hoc courts for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda
and the International Criminal Court as institutional manifestations of the
international subjectivity of human beings. Blue Book Series Vol. VII "The United
Nations and Human Rights, 1945-1995", No. of sale S. 95.I.21).

8. SZCZARANSKI, Clara. Guilt and sanctions in crimes against human rights.

Another class of crimes, Santiago de Chile, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2004,
pp. 269-270.

9. VID FERRAJOLI, Luigui, Legal reasons for pacifism. Edition by Gerardo

Pisarello, Madrid, Editorial Trotta, 2004.

Electronic Pages:

1. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/international/newsid_6941000/6941767.stm
2. http://spanish1.people.com.cn/spanish/200201/14/sp20020114_51762.html

3. http://www.oas.org/Juridico/mla/sp/per/sp_per-mla-autres-icc.pdf

4. http://www.un.org/spanish/law/icc/conferen/court/court.htm

5. Website of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

6. Nuremberg Tribunal, Volume 1, Nuremberg Tribunal Letter archived at Yale Law

School Avalon Project.1997.

Authors:

Alexandra Alvarez

Nadia Yannick Del Rio

nadiadelrio[at]msn.com

Latin University of Panama

Faculty of Law and Political Sciences

Panama, 2008

[1] Vid Ferrajoli, Luigui, Legal reasons for pacifism. Edition by Gerardo Pisarello,
Madrid, Editorial Trotta, 2004. p. 118

[2] Ibid., p. 115

[3] Ibid., p. 121

[4] OTERO, Juan Manuel: "More Criminal Law? punishment and International
Criminal Law" JURA GENTIUM Center for the philosophy of international law and
global politics. [Cited January 6, 2006] Available at:
http://dex1.tsd.unifi.it/juragentium/es/index.htm?surveys/wlgo/otero.htm

[5] OTERO, Juan Manuel: "More Criminal Law? punishment and International
Criminal Law". Ob. Cit.
[6] IGNATENKO GV; Kuchin MV; Lazutin LA; Maroshkin CY; Ostapenko DD;
Savitski PI & Others. "International Law".2000. Norma Publishing. Moscow p. 414.
Translated from Russian to Spanish by Wilson Alcántara Terán

[7] GARZÓN CLARIANA, Gregorio. On the Notion of Cooperation in International

Law, in Spanish Journal of International Law No. 1, 1976, p. 33.

[8] Taken from the virtual magazine

http://spanish1.people.com.cn/spanish/200201/14/sp20020114_51762.html

[9] Taken from the BBC Spanish website:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/international/

Convention on the imprescriptibility of war crimes and crimes against

humanity

Preamble

The States Parties to the present Convention,

Recalling United Nations General Assembly resolutions 3 (I) of February 13, 1946
and 170 (II) of October 31, 1947, on the extradition and punishment of war
criminals; resolution 95 (I) of December 11, 1946, which confirms the principles of
international law recognized by the Statute of the International Military Tribunal of
Nuremberg and by the ruling of this Tribunal, and resolutions 2184 (XXI) of
December 12, 1966 and 2202 (XXI) of December 16, 1966, which have expressly
condemned as crimes against humanity the violation of the economic and political
rights of the indigenous population, on the one hand, and the policy of apartheid,
on the other,
Recalling United Nations Economic and Social Council resolutions 1074 D (XXXIX)
of 28 July 1965 and 1158 (XLI) of 5 August 1966, relating to the punishment of war
criminals and persons who have committed Crimes against humanity,

Noting that no time limitation has been provided for in any of the solemn
declarations, instruments or conventions for the prosecution and punishment of
war crimes and crimes against humanity,

Considering that war crimes and crimes against humanity are among the most
serious crimes under international law,

Convinced that the effective repression of war crimes and crimes against humanity
is an important element in preventing such crimes and protecting human rights and
fundamental freedoms, and can build confidence, stimulate cooperation among
peoples and contribute to international peace and security,

Noting that the application to war crimes and crimes against humanity of the rules
of domestic law relating to the prescription of ordinary crimes raises serious
concern in world public opinion, since it prevents the prosecution and punishment
of the persons responsible for those crimes crimes,

Recognizing that it is necessary and appropriate to affirm in international law,

through this Convention, the principle of the imprescriptibility of war crimes and
crimes against humanity and to ensure its universal application,

They agree to the following:

Article I

The following crimes are imprescriptible, regardless of the date on which they were
committed:

a) War crimes according to the definition given in the Statute of the International
Military Tribunal of Nuremberg, of August 8, 1945, and confirmed by the resolutions
of the United Nations General Assembly 3 (I) of February 13, 1946 and 95 (I) of
December 11, 1946, especially the "serious breaches" enumerated in the Geneva
Conventions of August 12, 1949 for the protection of war victims;

b) Crimes against humanity committed both in time of war and in time of peace,
according to the definition given in the Statute of the International Military Tribunal
of Nuremberg, of August 8, 1945, and confirmed by the resolutions of the General
Assembly of United Nations 3 (I) of February 13, 1946 and 95 (I) of December 11,
1946, as well as expulsion by armed attack or occupation and inhuman acts due to
the policy of apartheid and the crime of genocide defined in the 1948 Convention
on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide even if those acts do
not constitute a violation of the domestic law of the country where they were
committed.

Article II

If any of the crimes mentioned in article I are committed, the provisions of this
Convention shall apply to representatives of the authority of the State and to
individuals who participate as authors or accomplices or who directly incite the
perpetration of any of those crimes. , or who conspire to commit them, whatever
their degree of development, as well as the representatives of the State authority
who tolerate their perpetration.

Article III

The States Parties to this Convention undertake to adopt all necessary domestic
measures, legislative or of any other order, in order to make possible the
extradition, in accordance with international law, of the persons referred to in the
Convention. article II of the present Convention.

Article IV

The States Parties to this Convention undertake to adopt, in accordance with their
respective constitutional procedures, such legislative or other measures as may be
necessary to ensure that the prescription of criminal action or punishment,
established by law or otherwise , does not apply to the crimes mentioned in articles
I and II of the present Convention and, if it exists, is abolished.

Article V

The present Convention shall be open until December 31, 1969, for signature by all
States Members of the United Nations or members of any specialized agency or
the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as by any State Party to the
Statute of the Court. International Court of Justice and any other State invited by
the General Assembly of the United Nations to be a party to this Convention.

Article VI

This Convention is subject to ratification and the instruments of ratification shall be

deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article VII
This Convention shall be open to accession by any of the States mentioned in
article V. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Secretary-
General of the United Nations.

Article VIII

1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the
date on which the tenth instrument of ratification or accession has been deposited
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

2. For each State which ratifies or accedes to this Convention after the deposit of
the tenth instrument of ratification or accession, the Convention shall enter into
force on the ninetieth day following the date on which such State has deposited its
instrument of ratification or accession. ratification or accession.

Article IX

1. After a period of ten years from the date on which this Convention enters into
force, any State Party may at any time request the review of this Convention by
written notification addressed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
United.

2. The General Assembly of the United Nations will decide on the measures to be
taken, if any, with respect to such request.

Article X

1. This Convention shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United

Nations.

2. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of

this Convention to all States mentioned in article V.

3. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall inform all States mentioned in
article V:

a) The signatures affixed to this Convention and the instruments of ratification and
accession deposited in accordance with the provisions of articles V, VI and VII;

b) The date on which this Convention enters into force in accordance with the
provisions of article VIII;
c) Communications received in accordance with the provisions of article IX.

Article XI

The present Convention, the texts of which in Chinese, English, French, Russian
and Spanish are equally authentic, shall bear the date November 26, 1968.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorized for this purpose, have
signed this Convention.

Crime against humanity

The definition of crime against humanity or crime against humanity included in the
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court includes conduct classified as
murder, extermination, deportation or forced displacement, incarceration, torture,
rape, forced prostitution, forced sterilization, persecution for political, religious,
ideological, racial, ethnic or other expressly defined reasons, forced
disappearance, kidnapping or any inhuman acts that cause serious suffering or
threaten the mental or physical health of the person who suffers them, provided
that such conduct is committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack
against a civilian population and with knowledge of said attack.
These acts are also called crimes against humanity. Leso means aggrieved, hurt,
offended: hence crime against humanity refers to a crime that, due to its aberrant
nature, offends, offends, injures Humanity as a whole.

Content [hide]
1 Historical evolution
2 Characteristics of these crimes
3 The imprescriptibility of crimes against humanity
4 Types of crimes
5 See also
6 References
7 Bibliography
8 External links
[edit]Historical evolution
Main article: Genocide
The historical evolution of crimes against humanity is inseparable from that of the
crime of genocide, the latter being then a species of the genus against humanity.
The London Agreement or Charter of August 8, 1945, which established the
Nuremberg Tribunal Statute, defined as "crimes against humanity" "murder,
extermination, slavery, deportation and any other inhuman act against the civilian
population, or persecution on religious, racial or political grounds, when such acts
or persecutions are carried out in connection with any crime against peace or in
any war crime."
In 1946, the United Nations General Assembly confirmed the principles of
international law recognized by the Statute of the Tribunal and proclaimed
resolution 96 (I) on the crime of genocide, which it defines as "a denial of the right
of existence to entire human groups ", among them "racial, religious or political",
urging to take the necessary measures for the prevention and punishment of this
crime.
This resolution crystallized into the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in its
resolution 260 A (III), of December 9, 1948, and which entered into force in 1951.
The definition of genocide set out in the 1948 Convention has been incorporated in
article 4 of the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former
Yugoslavia, 1993, article 2 of the Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for
Rwanda, 1994, and article 6 of the 1998 Rome Statute, which created the
International Criminal Court.
[edit]Characteristics of these crimes

Active subject: crimes can be carried out by state officials (regardless of their
hierarchy or position) or by members of a political organization. Although every
attempt to define "political organization" has failed, it could result in authoritarian
governments using it to persecute political opponents.1 2
Passive subject: it must be an attack against the civilian population.
Typical action:
It does not only refer to military attacks: it can occur both in times of war and in
times of peace.
The attack must be widespread or systematic, so isolated or random acts cannot
be considered included in this classification.
[edit]The imprescriptibility of crimes against humanity

Prescription in criminal law is the legal institute through which the persecution of
criminals is terminated due to the passage of time.
Crimes against humanity have the special characteristic of being imprescriptible,
that is, they can be prosecuted at any time.3
[edit]Types of crimes
According to the Rome Statute, the following 11 types of acts may constitute
crimes against humanity:
Murder: intentional homicide.
Extermination: intentional imposition of living conditions, among others the
deprivation of access to food or medicine, aimed at causing the destruction of part
of a population.
Slavery: exercise of property rights over a person, including trafficking in persons,
particularly women and children;
Deportation or forced transfer of population: expulsion of people from the area
where they are legitimately present without reasons authorized by international law,
it being understood that deportation involves crossing national borders and that
forced transfer does not.
Imprisonment or other serious deprivation of physical liberty in violation of
fundamental norms of international law.
Torture: severe pain or suffering, physical or mental, intentionally caused to a
person whom the accused had in his or her custody or control.
Rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization or
other sexual abuse of comparable gravity: rape and other sexual abuse may also
constitute other crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court, such as torture as a
crime against humanity or crime of war.
Persecution of a group or collectivity with its own identity for political, racial,
national, ethnic, cultural, religious or gender reasons or for other reasons
universally recognized as unacceptable under international law, in connection with
any crime covered by the Statute. Persecution means the intentional and serious
deprivation of fundamental rights in violation of international law based on the
identity of a group or collectivity. It is punishable in relation to another act that
constitutes a crime against humanity, a war crime or genocide.
Forced disappearance of persons: detention or abduction of persons by a State or
a political organization, or with its authorization, consent or acquiescence, together
with the refusal to recognize the deprivation of liberty or to provide information
about the fate of the "disappeared" with the intention of depriving them of the
protection of the law for a long period.
Crime of apartheid: inhuman acts committed in the context of an institutionalized
regime of systematic oppression and domination of one racial group by another
with the intention of maintaining that regime.
Other inhuman acts of a similar nature that intentionally cause great suffering or
threaten physical integrity or mental or physical health: inhuman acts of similar
severity to other crimes against humanity.

Ppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp
8. Crimes against humanity
Conceptualization
Based on resolution 95 (1) of December 11, 1946, which confirms the
principles of international law recognized by the Statute of the Military Court
Nuremberg International and by the ruling of this Court; in Council resolutions
Economic and Social of the United Nations 1074 D (XXXIX) of July 28, 1965 and
1158 (XLI) of August 5, 1966, relating to the punishment of war criminals and
people who have committed crimes against humanity; in the given definition of
crimes against humanity committed both in time of peace given in the Statute of
the
International Military Tribunal of Nuremberg of August 8, 1945, and confirmed by
the
resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly 3 (I) of February 13,
1946 and 95 (I) of December 11, 1946. Based on international legislation
referred to, and the national legislation, we have been able to document the
following crimes of
against humanity for which the Mexican State must respond.
8.1. Genocide
“The crime of genocide is committed by anyone who, with the purpose of
destroying, totally or partially,
one or more national or ethnic, racial or religious groups, is perpetrated by
any means, crimes against the lives of members of those, […] if with identical
purpose, attacks on the bodily integrity or health of the members of the
said communities {ie injuries}, or transferred from them to other smaller groups of
sixteen years, using physical or moral violence […]. With the same purpose
intentionally subjects the group to conditions of existence that will lead to its
physical destruction, total or partial, Federal Penal Code, Third Title, Chapter II,
Article 149-bis).”
Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9
December 1948. Linking of Mexico: July 22, 1952. Ratification. Approval
of the Senate: December 29, 1949, according to a decree published in the Official
Gazette of the
Federation on June 25, 1952. Entry into force: January 12, 1951- General. 22 of
October 1952- Mexico. Publication of the Official Gazette of the Federation:
October 11,
1952.v
8.1.1. The student movement of 1968
The authoritarianism with which the Mexican State wanted to subdue social
dissidence,
led him to a spiral of violence that, from crime to crime, led him to commit
crimes against humanity, including genocide.
In 1968 the student problem arose in a murky environment. People in the
The government controlled 'porros' groups and gangs. The army hired people from
pentathlon which, in turn, was part of the joints and provocateurs in schools,
in addition to serving as informants. Since the beginning of the conflict these
people appear
encouraging the students. The police do not act in their capacity as police, but as
provocateurs who, instead of intervening to separate the groups and treat the two
with civility
probable perpetrators, enter the university facilities with batons and
bazookas. The competent authority, instead of investigating the facts and resolving
in accordance with
right, stoke the fire by bringing the army into the university. In this process they go
making things worse. There are deaths and arrests, there is a witch hunt to the
detriment of
'left groups', there are beaten. The agents who exercise authority prefigure the
image of the group that must be subdued through violence.
It cannot be argued that the Mexican State lacked political experience, or
operators that would seek agreements with the student groups that came out in
defense of
his companions with fair demands. It was not, therefore, an erratic policy, but rather
a
state decision that put first the objective of controlling the dissident social group by
above the means you will use to achieve it. If this involved the indiscriminate use of
force, the use of armed forces against its population, or the
annihilation of the national group – including murder or attacking bodily integrity
of the members of the group, violence, illegal deprivation of liberty-, everything
could
reached and in fact, all this was reached. The state did not attempt to correct its
possible
mistakes, nor did it allow the democratic participation of those affected to take
place. The
proposals that the student movement presented to solve the problem were not the
that were taken.
Who, why and whose interests did these decisions serve? Who
hired and trained, for example, Socrates Amado Lemus? Why were the
provocations in the zócalo when the process of events was heading towards the
negotiated and peaceful solution to the conflict? Why bet on violence when
Was it clear to everyone that other means were more effective? The political actors
Those who intervened in those events should clarify these issues instead of
remaining silent
and harbor criminal complicity. The Mexican legal system should be modified to
that, in cases of this nature, criminal silence would not serve as a subterfuge for
the
Crimes against humanity. However, the facts show that
decisions to annihilate the dissidence of that national group that was established
with a
petition, which was linked to assert its interests of justice, which protested the
undignified treatment with which they wanted to subject him. Isolated people were
not persecuted in
around crimes that the authority, using its powers, had to clarify; but to
participants of a social movement, due to their presumed membership. were not
investigated
crimes of the authority that was killing, torturing and harming the rights of
thousands
of citizens exercising despotic authority; but they were covered up and rewarded,
because they fulfilled their assignment. The decision was to kill at random, violate
the integrity
corporal of all those who – from the vision of the repressor – were part of that
group
national that they had to submit to their discretion. Send the army to carry out
police work –
as an army of internal occupation -, provide them with offensive weapons, act with
a
cowardly and disproportionate violence against unarmed civilians, provide them
with
excessive amounts of ammunition - which are not justified in a purely intimidating
action -, leaving
without civilian control an unjustified attack action that lasts for hours against the
national group that is annihilated when it cannot be controlled in any other way;
allow to
that same body destroys the evidence of the crime committed, allows them to be
taken
detained hundreds of citizens to military installations, carry out a concerted action
of the State to destroy all evidence that incriminates him in these crimes, including
theft
of the newspapers that are kept as a historical archive of their editions and the
microfilms 3
from publishing houses; concoct rigged processes to persecute the victims. To this
we call genocide.
The occurrence of these events is in the third chapter of this report.
8.1.2. Falcons and their use on Corpus Thursday
In 1971 the problem of student protest was again silenced by violence.
criminal of those who had State decisions. Creation, maintenance, training
and use of a paramilitary group, with lethal capacity for maneuver, allows us to
trace,
again the political decision to annihilate the national opposition group against
whom
you want to act. The falcons group was created following a profile of people
hired that could be confused with the national group that was sought to annihilate,
the
student. Only instead of dissidents here they would be paramilitaries. People who
had
left the army, particularly one of its corps best trained in techniques of
counterinsurgency, that of parachute riflemen. Trained in martial arts. Trained
in Japan, the United States, France and England. With criminal training by the
State. Used in a military operation coordinated with the army and the police. With
what end? That of totally or partially destroying the national group of dissident
students by
state control. Kill, beat, injure, take injured people out of hospitals and finish them
off. In
complicity with the State? Much more than that. Act on the part of the State.
deceive the
population that it is an internal problem for the student body and thus be able to
criminalize
the victim. Hide the army's action, so as not to discredit it further.
An attack of this nature, prepared with so much advance, care and
clandestine; training assassins to act against this national group that
was demonstrating peacefully, if a project of this nature is not part of a
policy of genocide, is it explained?
The occurrence of these events is in the fourth chapter of this report.
8.1.3 From counterinsurgency to genocide in the state of Guerrero
With the arrival of Luis Echeverría to the Presidency of the Republic, the army
Mexican receives the order to modify its military strategy in the state of Guerrero,
resorting to counterguerrilla warfare. It begins, from then on and throughout the
administration of Luis Echeverría and José López Portillo a decade in which
will attempt the annihilation of the national rebel group. Since in this strategy
follows the doctrine of national security and the principle that 'water must be taken
away from the
fish' in reference to the population – the water – that serves as the medium in
which the
guerrilla -the fish-, the army not only took the Peasant Brigade as its war objective
of Execution, which was the armed wing of the Poor People's Party, but also to the
civilian population nestled in the mountains where the guerrillas operated.
The methods used by the army during that period, described as 'war
dirty', are presented in the following chapter of War Crimes; However, all those
forced disappearances –more than six hundred-, arbitrary detentions –which
followed one another
every day and many times they were massive -, torture - with all the detainees and
even with
those who witnessed the arrests -, concentration camps, state of siege - both with
Vietnamese village, as a military siege of the communities and the region; hunger
as method 4
of war against civilians, by not allowing them access to basic necessities
that they bought and not allowing them to go out freely to work in the fields and for
their
basic needs; massacres and indiscriminate attacks such as aerial bombardments
were
extermination practices, as anyone can understand.
It was a genocide, extended to a large part of the population whom they
considered
supporter of the guerrillas.
The occurrence of these events is in the sixth chapter of this report.
8.1.4 The annihilation of members of armed groups
The members of the national groups who chose to modify the conditions
policies of the country, resorting to weapons, were also considered as targets of
annihilation and destruction. Military operations and police operations with
who were persecuted, did not intend to detain, subdue, and place at the disposal of
authority
competent to the alleged criminals; but were designed to capture, subdue,
torture, temporarily or permanently disappear the detainees and, in many cases,
execute them extrajudicially. In several operations, no attempt was made to arrest
the members
of these groups, but to shoot them dead. This form of extermination was
complemented by other
mechanisms in which family and friends were taken hostage, several of whom
They ended up missing. Or, after torturing and temporarily disappearing his
victims, deliver them to the competent authority with the confessions obtained
through
torture, so that they could serve as a basis and butcher for incriminating
statements with which
They detained those who managed to save themselves from permanent
disappearance. Police
had lists of 'fugitives', who were the candidates to be disappeared through the
indicated procedures, when they were captured.
This type of genocide is discussed in the seventh chapter of this report.
8.1.5 Annihilate dissident groups
This state policy of annihilating the members of dissident groups who do not
they can control, is exemplified in the four cases presented; however, it is the same
policy followed against the student groups in the province, the movements
that expanded their social base or gained visibility.
.
8.2. Forced disappearance
“Commits the crime of forced disappearance of people, the public servant who,
regardless of whether he or she participated in the legal or illegal detention of one
or more
persons, promotes or intentionally maintains its concealment under any form of
detention (Federal Penal Code, Title Ten, Chapter III Bis, Article 215-A.).”
This crime is configured from the moment the deadline for the
presentation of the detainee to the competent authority. According to the SCJN in
Mexico, the
prescription of the illicit begins to count from the moment the victim appears
alive or dead. Under international law, this crime cannot be prescribed.
Forced Disappearance, a crime against humanity so aberrant that it extends a
continued torture not only of the directly injured party, but also of his family and
those around him, 5
leads to reiterate the claim that his loved ones maintain without concessions: 'Alive
they are
they took, we want them alive.'
This report, unfortunately, does not contain the information desired by the
relatives and society in relation to the issue of where these people who were
torn from our daily lives, without having been made available to authority
competent and know your luck. The documentation in the files to which access was
gained
does not contain that information. The people who gave us their testimony also did
not know the fate
of the victims. This information must be provided by the perpetrators and the
institutions that
They had an active participation in these events. The Secretary of National
Defense
You must have documentation – which you have not made available – and with key
witnesses – who
until now they have maintained a guilty or complicit silence -, to clarify the fate of
the
missing detainees. For this reason, this Report presents the most
relevant information that has been obtained in the political police files regarding his
arrest
to track their whereabouts and to provide greater elements of certainty to society in
relation to
with those people – endearing because they are part of the wound of our society –
who must
appear and for which the State is responsible for their disappearance, the search
for which cannot
cease, nor can the punishment of those responsible prescribe.
At the time of closing the databases so that, based on the information that
available, the research results could be presented in this Report, we had
record of 797 cases reported as missing detainees. This number had different
level of information and degree of certainty in the records that were reviewed by
the
Work Commission that prepared this Report. With the materials obtained, and
based on the
historical research method, in 436 cases the
forced disappearance. In another 208 cases, a well-founded presumption is
established that
committed this crime and in 152 cases the Report does not deny that the events
occurred
but it lacks information to prove that they happened and that the State has
had responsibility for them.
8.2.1. Cases in which it is accredited
It appears that in 433 cases, just over half of the 801 reported, there are
sufficient information to fully prove the arrest of those people who were
disappeared by state agents. These are cases in which their families and
organizations
those who have been in charge of monitoring the investigation have filed a
complaint or complaint;
Documents referring to his arrest have been found in police archives
policies; There are witnesses and testimonies answer with the data of the
complaint and the
documentation found in relation to the detention of these people or having them
seen in clandestine prisons. With these elements, this historical report places
everyone
these as accredited cases of forced disappearance.
TO. Modus operandi of the State
In the case of urban armed organizations, the practice of the disappearance of
its militants, began following the attempted kidnapping of the industrialist Garza
Sada in 73/09/6
17, the first detainee-disappeared was Rodolfo Reyes Crespo arrested on 12/73/22
in
a safe house in Guadalajara, Jalisco, a member of the LC23S.
The first way to operate was through the arrest of the militants after
of any military action, whether an assault or during it, in confrontations with the
police and army when trying to stop them, or due to mistakes by the militants, such
as going to houses of
security already previously located and guarded by the police. He moved to
detainee to clandestine 'interrogation' sites, if the detainee was not of a level
important -for the police forces- could be presented to the authorities
judicial, but if he had a degree of responsibility or the information to reach the
higher levels, he remained illegally detained for an indefinite period.
The second way of operating was to locate the areas of operation, meeting and
influence
of the militants to surround them with the aim of achieving their arrest, as well as
the
analysis of the habits and behavior pattern of the militants, whether they used to go
to
the cinemas, the restaurants they frequented, the bride's house.
The third was to set up surveillance in the places they had located where
The armed groups regularly distributed their propaganda to surround and detain
the
distribution commands.
b. Records of missing detainees in the DFS
The documents found in the police files in relation to the
detainees, the most common are usually reports, confessions obtained through
torture
in clandestine prisons and signalex files. The latter are still a macho man to be
filled with information about the detainee. In relation to the required data,
They must be signed by the authority responsible for the arrest and who
prepared the signal sheet. It is noted that very few tokens present these
signatures.
At the front of the file, generally,
1
two photographs of the detainee are attached, and
Note the affiliation, socioeconomic data and criminal record. To fill it out you need
that the detained subject inform about it. The socio-cultural data section reports
on religion, languages, party and political grouping and ideological tendency. A lot
of
These cards omitted religious and linguistic data to concentrate on the
political group or ideological tendency of the detainees.
On the back of the sheet, write down any general observations you have. HE
states the date and reason for the arrest. Fingerprints and signature are stamped
of the detainee, the operator and the Section Chief. As a general rule, these
signatures are
found omitted.
The omission of signatures by the person responsible for the detention, who
prepares
The signal record of the operator and the section chief seem to indicate that they
were aware
of the crimes they committed by acting as they did and seeking to avoid
responsibilities.
The date of arrest was changed many times. There are cards in which the
date. Such is the case, for example, of Sebastián Vázquez Mendoza. On the sheet
only
It states that “he was detained for investigation.”
2
On the Guadalupe identification card
Garza Escobar, prepared on July 7, 1977, with the clarification on the back that it
had been

1
There are several formats that can vary. One of these is known as the 'Vucetish',
which was used by the
Guadalajara Secret Service.
2
DFS 80-106-74 L 1 H 30. 7
“arrested in June 1977, for investigation, for subversive activities within the
LC23S” the month is recorded, without specifying the exact day.
3
In the case of Alberto Vázquez
Castellanos, whose file was prepared on “May 3, 75”, and on the back of it it is
specifies that he was “arrested on February __, 1975.”
4
In Florentino Loza's file
Patiño and in that of Isaac López Molina, the date of arrest is not even stated. This
way they could lengthen the period of illegal interrogations and torture of the
detained, giving themselves a margin so that some of them could be handed over
to a
appropriate authority, reducing suspicions that a crime had been committed
that would automatically invalidate the legality of the detention, or allow the
establishment
responsibilities for those who participated in these crimes. This way
They also left open the possibility of filling in that information later, without having
to
prepare the affiliation form again.

3
 DFS 11-235-77 L 45 H 225.
4
DFS 11-235-75 L 27 H 32. 8
It is worth noting that these signalex sheets noted what, in the opinion of
the agents, it was considered criminal. In the file of Francisco Javier Manríquez
Pérez,
arrested on 08/77/19, in the “Criminal History” category it is recorded: “Margarita
Brigade
Andrade Vallejo” [case 4]
5
.

5
DFS 11-235-77 L 46 H 179-181. 9

We note that we find signalex tokens, whose format is in English, which

which proves the collaboration that the US government gave them in this matter.
10
In the case of disappearances in which the DFS participated, there have been
documented
a significant amount of signal documents, statements and references of the arrest
of people, as well as a significant number of documentation with information
deliberately falsified, whose objective is to define the responsibilities of officials,
arguing that the missing persons were killed in combat, victims of
common kidnappings, or carried out by members of the same organizations to
which
belonged [About this defamatory practice, See 8.6].

c. Information in files of missing detainees

The files of the people whose cases we consider accredited, in accordance with
The criteria already indicated to establish the historical truth, contain data such as
those that
They are presented, by way of example, in the following cases:
Jacobo Gámiz García, according to DFS reports, was arrested on 74/03/
13, along with León Martínez de la Cruz, at the Bajos del Ejido checkpoint. I
accompanied them
Rodolfo Molina, who managed to escape.
6
He was interrogated and his file includes his
confession
7
and with his fingerprint identification card.
8
In a report from the Secretariat of
The Government records that in March 1974, Jacobo Gámiz was detained in CM1.
9
Ignacio Arturo Salas Obregón,
10
He was arrested on 04/74/25 in Tlalnepantla in a
armed conflict. Wounded, he was taken to an SSA hospital in Fraccionamiento
Ceylán Valley, and from there kidnapped and taken to CM1. This information is
answered with
the one addressed to the director of the DFS that same day. His declaration in the
DFS is from 05/74/06,
eleven days after his arrest.
11
Already in CM1, Ulloa says, “Not many days later
[on a date close to 09/74/09], one night they came for him [by Ignacio Salas
Obregón] and
by a large group of prisoners, apparently originating from Guerrero; between them,
if not
I confused the occasion, Professor Inocencio Castro was there, who had
exclaimed a few days
before: 'He already fucked me up! They're going to kill me!', upon finding out on the
radio, in a
carelessness of the falcons, that Rubén Figueroa had been freed from his captors
by the
army. They were all taken away blindfolded, hooded and handcuffed, one after
another.
another, in single file.” (Ulloa; 2004, 45) A DFS document without date or signature
reports it
a list of 84 LC23S members who have died.
12

Fidelino Velázquez Martínez

13
was arrested, according to a DFS document, “on the day of
today 07/74/01 Professor Fidelino was transported by military transport to Mexico
City.
He was escorted by elements of the 46th BI under the command of Capt. 1st of
administration”. According to your
file, The DFS indicates in an official letter dated 74/07/02 that Fidelino is in CM1.
74/07/
03 the confession he gave in the DFS appears in which he refers to his relationship
with 'Marco',
of the revolutionary group Emiliano Zapata. You also have your identification card
staff at DFS.

6
DFS 100-10-16-4 L 9 H 51.
7
DFS 11-232-74 L 1 H 201.
8
DFS 11-232-74 L 1 H 193.
9
DFS 100-10-16-4 L 11 H 184 -191.
10
CNDH/PDS/91/MEX/C00012.000.
11
DFS 11-235 L 11 H 250.
12
DFS 11-235 L 46 H 47-53.
13
CNDH/PDS/95/CHIS/SOOO23,000. 11
Miguel Muñoz Serna, from Río Santiago, Atoyac. He was arrested in
Aguascalientes,
72/02/01 and placed at the disposal of the Court with 12 more people. Sent to
CM1. Is
one of the people who, according to the testimony of a protected witness, was
eliminated from the
group they were part of in CM1, after the weekly torture session to which
They were submitted, on an approximate date of 74/09. Note the time elapsed
between your
detention and the date when he was last seen, with presumption of execution
extrajudicial, in CM1.
Wenceslao José García,
14
According to a letter addressed to the head of the DFS, it was
arrested with four other people, wounded by 6 bullets, in a confrontation in the Park
Sunk off Mexico City on 10/74/11. The statements to the DFS from their
The first interrogations are from 10/74/23, when he was at the Central Military
Hospital.
15
Once recovered from his injuries, he was tortured in the basements of CM1 where
he was found
with Ulloa (Ulloa; 2004, 64) who realized that he was evidently convalescing from a
surgical intervention. The day after he arrived, the feds went looking for him. Ulloa
He says he saw Miguel Nazar Haro at the head of the group that dedicated himself
to torturing him. "No
It took us a while to hear first some muffled cries and then real howls that
They came from the depths of the tortured companion. The wild session lasted
about two
hours. After the screams, a thick silence of bad omen. ..They finally did it
save there. After the torture that Wenceslao José García Ca was subjected to. 74/
11/ 07 in the
CM1 according to (Ulloa; 2004, 66) from that moment on that day and the following
three days
We live in a continuous shock, because the military and the agents of the Federal
Security kept taking several young people to the basement to be interrogated.
usual manner [note the usual manner of interrogation to which the
detained in CM1]. One of them confirmed to me that they were all related to
Wenceslao and the Parque Hundido shooting. He also confirmed that they were
Oaxacans.
From there he was transferred to Lecumberri, Crujía 'O' where he was also with
Ulloa (Ulloa;
2004, 188), from where it was taken on 09/75/05 and disappeared. (Pineda;
2003,161).
According to a complaint to the CNDH on 09/75/ “he disappeared from the
Lecumberri prison, in the
Mexico City, Federal District, where he was serving a sentence.” In
document without date or signature reports it in a list of 84 members of the
LC23S that have died.
16
Rafael Chávez Rosas,
17
According to a DFS report, he was one of the three detained
on 74/07/16, “at 22:00 in Morelia […] and placed at the disposal of the 21st Military
Zone, and
At 11:15 p.m. they were transferred to Mexico City.” In his file is the
confession that they made him give at the DFS on 07/74/19. Your signal sheet was
prepared
on 74/07/20. It records the arrest on the 19th, which, as in many cases, is
deliberately false, given that the legal term had already expired. On the other hand,
already
Despite being detained in Morelia, his statement specifies that this is being carried
out
in “Mexico City, Federal District, being twelve o'clock on the nineteenth of July
In 1974, someone who said his name was Rafael Chávez was presented.
Rosas (a) "Ruben."

14
CNDH/PDS/90/DF/C00147.000.
15
DFS 11-235-74 L 23 H 67.
16
DFS 11-235 L 46 H 7.
17
CNDH/PDS/92/MICH/C00011.000. 12
d. Cases that are considered fully accredited of forced disappearance
Warrior status
Fidel Abarca Barrientos, 09/74/12. There is a witness and arrest document.
Esteban Abarca Benítez, 10/74/12. There are witnesses and documents of his
arrest
Augusto Abarca de los Santos, 02-76-03. There are witnesses and documents of
his arrest.
Santiago Abrajan López, 05/78/17. There are witnesses to his arrest.
Hilario Acevedo Acuña, 12/76/18. There are witnesses to his arrest and preliminary
investigation.
Macario Acosta Serafín, 08/74/14. Reported as 'package'.
Genaro Alarcón Téllez, 78/11/-. Testimonies of his torture. In the Coca separations.
Abel Almazán Saldaña, 06/74/06, for belonging to the BCA There is a confession
Jorge Alberto Almogabar Ríos, 07/74/16. Reported as 'package'. Witness that he
was in CM1.
Pedro Angulo Barona, 08/74/04, for belonging to the BCA. Witnesses to his torture.
Víctor Arias de la Cruz, 02/77/28, for belonging to the Jorge Pisón Basave Brigade
of the LC23S. Signalectics and confession are recorded.
Gilberto Arroyo López, 09/77/21, for belonging to the Francisco Froilán Rendón
Pacheco Brigade, of the LC23S. There is TG. FS.
Daniel Ávila Saavedra, 77/06/23, for belonging to the FRAP. There are documents
of his arrest.
Filemón Bahena Román, 12/73/06, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP and FRAS.
There is a signal card.
Anastasio Barrientos Flores, 06/72/26, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. Witness his
stay in CM1.
Justino Barrientos Flores, 06/72/26, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. Witness his
stay in CM1.
Emiliano Barrientos Martínez, 10/74/01. Reported as 'package'.
Maximiliano Barrientos Reyes, mid-1974. There are testimonies of his arrest. ,
Raymundo Barrientos Reyes, 10/74/01, for belonging to the 18 de Mayo Group
BCA-PdlP Reported as a 'package'.
Guillermo Bautista Andalón, 04/77/15, for belonging to the LC23S and the Jorge
Poinsont Basave Command. There is a signal card
Carlos Benavides Alcocer, 12/76/07, for belonging to the PdlP. There is confession.
Raúl Benítez Bravo, 05/76/03. There are documents of his arrest.
Inés Bernal Castillo, 08/76/04. There is a witness to his arrest.
Diogenes Bernal Martínez, 09/74/01. Reported as 'package'.
Aída Bracamontes Patiño, 06/77/25. There are witnesses to his arrest and
detention in Acapulco.
Humberto Cabañas Alvarado, 11/76/19, for belonging to the B18M-BCA. There is
confession.
Luis Armando Cabañas Dimas, 06/78/16, for belonging to the PPUA. Witness of
his stay in El Ferrocarril, a clandestine prison in
Acapulco.
Eleno Cabañas Ocampo, 04/74/-, for belonging to the B18M-BCA. Witnesses of
their stay in the ZM.
Lucio Cabañas Tabares, 04/74/27, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
documents of his arrest.
Raúl Cabañas Tabares, 10/74/05, for being part of the "May 18 Brigade" of the
BCA. Witnesses of their stay in the ZM.
Miguel Angel Cabañas Vargas, 04/74/03, for belonging to the PdlP. There are
arrest, transfer and confession documents.
Tania Cascante Carrasco, 08/76/18. There is a document of his arrest.
Roberto Castillo de Jesús, 07/74/24. There is testimony of his stay in the Atoyac
military barracks.
Cándido or Candelario Castillo Ríos, 09/74/04, for being considered from the BCA.
Reported as 'package'.
Raúl Castrejón Vázquez, 12/73/10. There is a document of his arrest.
Rosalío Castrejón Vázquez, 08/74/25. Reported as 'package'.
Inocencio Castro Arteaga, 01/61/09, for being a member of the BCA in Iguala.
Witness his stay in CM1.
Francisco Castro Castañeda, 09/74/02, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There is an
arrest document.
Mauricio Castro Castillo, 06/74/18. Referred to CM1.
Petronilo Castro Hernández, 04/72/22, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. Witness his
stay in CM1. There is a document of your
detention, transfer and stay in CM1.
Rafael Castro Hernández, 11/76/18, for belonging to the PdlP. There is a document
of his arrest and confession.
Fabiola Castro Molina, 01/75/16, for belonging to the PdlP and FAR. There are
documents and confession.
María Guadalupe Castro Molina, 04/72/20, for being part of the PdlP. It appears in
the DFS that it was sent to CM1. There is confession.
Pedro Castro Nava, 08/74/25. Reported as 'package'.
Isaías Castro Velázquez, 08/72/27. There are testimonies of his arrest.
Jesus Ceberiano Camacho. There is a document of his arrest.
Rubén Chalma de la Cruz, 12/73/19 or 01/74/12, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP.
There are documents of his arrest.
Rafael Chávez Rosas, 74/08, for belonging to the MAR and the LC23S. There is a
confession and a signal record
Artemio Chávez Villa, 10/74/03 or 06. Reported as 'package'. Witness his captivity.
Floriberto Clavel Juárez, 03/76/19, for being considered from the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Jerónimo Cruz Barrientos, 08/74/24 or 25, for being considered PdlP. There are
witnesses to his arrest.
Marino De Jesús Alquiciras, 05/74/10. There are witnesses to his arrest and
interrogations.
Pedro De Jesús Onofre, 09/74/20, for belonging to the PdlP. Reported as
'package'.
Cutberto De la Cruz Ávila, 10/74/06.. Reported as 'package'. Witness of his stay in
Acapulco prison.
Mariana De la Cruz Llanes, 08/74/24. Witness his captivity.
Daniel De la Cruz Martínez, 08/74/07. There are testimonies of his arrest.
Guillermo De la Rosa Magdaleno, 08/75/15. There are testimonies of his arrest.
Carlos Díaz Frías, 06/78/16, for belonging to the FAL, of the PdlP, There is a
confession. Witness to his death.
Antonio Diosdado Mendoza, 07/76/03. There are documents of his arrest.
Victoria Fernández Brito, 11/76/11, for belonging to the PdlP. There is a document
of his arrest.
Julián or Julio Fierro Abarca, 01/75/27. In Xaltianguis by the army. There are
testimonies of his arrest.
Eusebio Fierro Nava, 07/74/16, for belonging to the PdlP. There is a document of
his arrest.
Cipriano Fierro Polanco, 01/75/27. There is a document of his arrest. 13
Esteban Fierro Valadez, 10/74/01. There is a document of his arrest.
Jesús Fierro Valadez, 10/74/01. There is a document of his arrest.
Olivia Flores Alarcón, 12/78/01. There is a document of his arrest.
Mardonio Flores Galeana, 08/74/25. There are documents of his arrest.
José Flores Gervasio, 04/74/15. There is a document of his arrest.
Agustín Flores Jiménez, 04/73/23. There are documents and testimony of his
arrest.
Antonio Flores Leonardo, 09/74/14. There are documents and testimony of his
arrest.
Agustín Flores Martínez, 05/73/01, for belonging to the PdlP. There are documents
and testimonies of his arrest.
Eladio Flores Serafín, 08/74/23. There is a document of his arrest.
Marcelino Flores Zamora, 09/74/01. There are documents and testimonies of his
arrest.
Alberto Galeana de Jesús, 08/74/21. There are documents of his arrest.
Doroteo Galeana de Jesús, 10/74/15, for belonging to the PdlP. There are
documents and testimony of his arrest.
Joel Galeana Santiago, 12/73/31, for belonging to the PdlP. There are documents
and testimony of his arrest.
Magdaleno Galeana Vázquez, 08/74/24. There are documents and testimony of
his arrest.
Lucio Gámez Mendiola, 09/74/20, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
documents of his arrest.
Jacobo Gámiz García, 03/74/14, for being considered a member of the PdlP. There
are documents of his arrest and confession.
Isidro García Campos, 01/76/30, for belonging to the FAR. There are documents of
his arrest.
Melquiades García Flores, 08/75/20, for belonging to the BCA. There is testimony
of his arrest.
Ascención García Juárez, 07/77/26, for belonging to the PdlP. There are
documents of his arrest and testimonies.
Ricardo García Martínez, 08/74/13. There are documents and testimonies of his
arrest.
Austreberto García Pintor, 08/74/25. There are documents and testimonies of his
arrest.
Mauro or Mario García Téllez, 08/74/28, for belonging to the PdlP. There are
documents of his arrest.
Bernardo Gómez Abarca, 08/74/23. There are documents and testimony of his
arrest.
Juan Gómez Flores, 04/75/15. There are documents and testimony of his arrest
Francisco Gómez Magdaleno, 07/75/13 or 18. There are documents of his arrest.
Armando Gómez Pineda, 10/79/13. There are documents of his arrest
Eugenio Gómez Serafín, 08/74/21. There are documents of his arrest.
Lucino Gómez Várgas, 12/73/27. There are testimonies and documents of his
arrest.
Aurora González Meza, 09/71/17, arrested for belonging to the CAP. There are
documents of his arrest.
Pedro Gorgonio Santiago, 74/10 ú 11, for belonging to the LCE, BCA-PdlP. There
are documents and testimonies of his arrest.
Tomás Gudiño Dircio, 07/74/03. There are testimonies and documents of his
arrest.
Gloria Guerrero Gómez, 09/74/20. There are testimonies and documents of his
arrest. Reported as 'package'.
José Guadalupe Hernández Aurelio, 05/78/17. There is testimony of his arrest.
Francisco Hernández Valle, 05/71/05. There is testimony of his arrest.
Vicente Higinio Ortíz, 74/10. There is a document of his arrest.
Sixto Huerta Castro, 09/74/08, for belonging to the PdlP. There are testimonies of
its execution.
Jacinto Iturio de Jesús, 08/77/21, for being considered a member of the PdlP.
There are testimonies and documents of his arrest.
Ramón Iturio Fierro, 11/76/18, for belonging to the PdlP, BCA. There is confession.
Rito Izazaga García, 09/74/06. Reported as 'package'.
José Trinidad Jacinto Iturio, 07/77/23, for belonging to the CAP. Confession and
testimonies of his permanence in the DFS divisions.
Carmelo Juárez Bello, 09/74/20. Reported as 'package'. There are testimonies of
his transfer to CM1.
Gonzalo Juárez Cabañas, 09/72/16. There are witnesses to his arrest and
testimonies of his transfer.
Ascención Juárez Juárez, 08/77/03, for belonging to the B18M-BCA. There is a
document of his arrest.
Gregorio Leyva Vinalay, 06/76/09, for belonging to the FAR. There is a document
of his arrest.
Jaime López Sollano, 06/78/17, for belonging to the FAL. There are documents of
his arrest and testimonies of his stay in prison.
Pablo Loza Patiño, 08/74/06, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are testimonies
and witnesses of his torture.
Rogelio Maldonado Valencia, 05/76/03. There are testimonies of his arrest.
Fidel Martínez Arreola, 05/71/01 or 10/71/27, for being considered from the ACNR.
There are documents of his arrest.
Diógenes Martínez Bernal, 09/75/01. There is a document of his arrest.
Villado Martínez Rojas, 08/71/14, for belonging to the FAR. Testimonies of his
transfer and torture.
Fidel Martínez Vázquez, 05/71/01. There is testimony that he was in CM1.
Guillermo Mena Rivera, 01/76/29, for being a member of the FAR. Documents of
his arrest and his time at CM1.
Alberto Mesino Acosta, 07/74/18, reported as 'package'. Testimonies of his torture
and stay in CM1.
Julio Mesino Galicia, 10/74/10. Testimonies of his arrest and transfers.
Ernesto Mesino Lezma, 07/74/13, for being a member of BCA-PdlP. Reported as
'package'. Testimonies that he was seen in Pie de la
Costs.
Rodolfo Molina Martínez, 04/74/03, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
documents of his confession, transfer of CM1, file
signalectics and testimonies of his stay in a prison in Acapulco.
Fernando Morales Galeana, 08/74/25. Reported as 'package'.
Petronila Morales Galeana, 08/74/25. Reported as 'package'.
Abelardo Morales Gervasio, 08/74/07, for belonging to the ACNR BCA-PdlP. There
are documents of his arrest and testimonies of his
permanence in CM1.
Raymundo Morales Gervasio, 07/74/13, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. Reported
as 'package'. Witnesses to his arrest and
permanence in CM1.
Flavio Morales Leguideño, 09/74/23, for belonging to the PdlP. Testimonies of his
permanence in CM1.
Apolinar Moreno, 74/10/10. There are witnesses to his arrest.
Jacob Nájera Hernández, 09/74/02. There is a witness to his arrest and AP.
Gabriel Nario López, 08/74/11, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
testimonies of his torture in Pie de la Cuesta.
Pascual Nario López, 08/74/11, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
testimonies that he was in Pie de la Cuesta.
Martín Nario Oranes u Organes, 1974, for belonging to the PdlP. There are
testimonies about his possible death. 14
Esteban Nava Hipólito, 11/74/28, for belonging to the PdlP. There are testimonies
of his arrest.
Macario Nava Hipólito, 08/75/20. There is a witness to his arrest.
Fredy Nava Ríos, 05/77/01 for being considered a member of the EPR. There are
testimonies of his arrest.
Marcial Navarrete de la Paz, 12/74/10, for belonging to the ULAC. There are
documents of his arrest.
Elpidio Ocampo Mancilla, 01/72/30. There are testimonies of his stay in CM1.
Ubaldo Ochoa Morales, 08/74/18. Testimonies of his arrest, of his stay in Pie de la
Cuesta.
Adauto Olea Hernández, 08/74/19. Reported as 'package'. Moved to CM1.
Juan Onofre Campos, 09/74/01. There is testimony of his arrest. Reported as
'package'.
Antonio Onofre Gervasio was arrested for belonging to the PdlP. There are
testimonies of his arrest.
Rebeca and her newborn son Padilla Rivera, 04/76/10, for belonging to the 2nd
cell of the VAR. There is testimony of his arrest.
Sotero Patricio Ocampo, 07/74/18. It is reported as 'package'.
Eusebio Peñaloza Silva, 05/78/17. There are testimonies of his arrest.
Lucio Peralta Santiago, 10/74/04, for belonging to the PdlP. There are testimonies
of his arrest and his stay in the Military Zone of
Atoyac.
Teódulo Perdón Bernal, 08/77/22, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
testimonies of his arrest
Matías Perdón Iturio or Matías Iturio de Jesús 72/04. There are documents of his
arrest and confession.
Isidro or Isidoro Pérez Galindo, 10/74/01. Reported as ''package''.
Angel Piza Fierro, 10/71/05, for belonging to the ACNR. There is document and
testimony of his arrest.
Rosendo Radilla Pacheco, 08/74/25, for belonging to the ACG. Reported as
'package'. There are documents of his arrest and witnesses
of his captivity.
Alberto Radilla Reyes, 09/74/20. There are testimonies of his arrest and his stay in
CM1.
Fredy Radilla Silva, 05/78/15, for belonging to the FAL. There are testimonies of
his stay in prison.
Felipe Ramos Cabañas, 09/73/25, for belonging to the '18 de Mayo' Brigade of the
PdlP. There are documents of his arrest.
Heriberto Ramos Cabañas, 02/75/09, for belonging to the FAR. There are
documents of his arrest.
Marcos Ramos Cabañas, 02/75/09, for belonging to the B18M-BCA. There are
documents of his arrest.
RaymundoRamos Cabañas was arrested on 02/75/09 for belonging to the FAR.
There are documents of his arrest.
Eduwiges Ramos De la Cruz, 02/75/09, for belonging to the B18M-BCA. There are
documents of his arrest.
Melitón Ramos Tabares or (Tavares), 05/74/17, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP.
There are witnesses to his arrest.
David Rebolledo Martínez, 10/74/05 for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
documents and testimonies of his arrest.
Getulio Rebolledo Ocampo, 10/74/14. Reported as 'package'.
Romana Ríos García de Roque, 04/72/20, for belonging to the PDLP, documents
and testimonies of her arrest and transfer to CM1
Salomón Ríos García, 07/77/29 for belonging to the PDLP. There is testimony of
his arrest.
David Rojas Vargas, 04/72/20, for belonging to the PDLP. DFS testimony about his
stay in CM1.
Emilio Romero Benítez, 10/74/04. There is a document of his arrest.
Félix Romero Loeza, 08/76/08. There is a witness to his arrest.
Román Roque Moreno, 02/76/06 for belonging to the VAR, FAR. There is
confession.
Lino Rosas Pérez, arrested for belonging to the PdlP. According to testimonies, his
body was buried.
Juventino Ruiz Santiago, 08/74/16, for belonging to the PDLP. Reported as
'package'.
David Rulfo Alendri, 04/75/25, for belonging to the FAR. There is a document of his
arrest.
Isidro or Isidoro Salinas Pineda, 09/74/01. Reported as 'package'.
Marcelo Serafín Juárez, 05/74/04, for belonging to the PdlP. There is a document
of his arrest.
Miguel Serafín Peralta, 09/74/08. Witness of his stay in the Pie de la Cuesta
barracks. Reported as 'package'.
Herón or Eduardo Serrano Abarca, 07/74/18. Witnesses of his stay in CM1 and its
execution.
Francisco Serrano Vargas, 09/74/20. Reported as 'package'. Witness of his stay in
the Atoyac barracks and on the Marías Islands.
Mariano Serrano Zamora, 07/74/18. It is reported as 'package'. Witness his stay in
CM1.
Jesús Severiano Iturio, 74/09/. There are testimonies and documents of his arrest
or death.
Perla Sotelo Patiño, 07/74/02 or 07/74/09, for belonging to the PdlP group. There
are testimonies about his arrest.
Francisco Nicolás Tabares or (Tavares) Noriega, 07/74/18. There are testimonies
of his arrest, he was reported as a 'package' and
led to CM1.
Bonifacio Téllez Mata, 03/77/06. There are testimonies of his arrest and captivity.
Isaías Uriostegui Cepeda, 07/74/01. There are testimonies of his arrest.
Apparently, he was buried.
Reynaldo Uriostegui Terán, 07/74/01. There are testimonies of his arrest.
Apparently, he was buried.
Margarito Vázquez Baltazar, 07/74/13. It is reported as 'package'.
Timoteo Vázquez Santiago, 07/77/20. There are witnesses to his arrest and
captivity.
José Luis Vélez Cienfuegos, 04/75/24, for belonging to the FAR. There are
testimonies of their persecution and threats.
Bernardo Villamar Pérez, 02/76/03, for belonging to the FAR. There are witnesses
to his arrest.
Mariano Zamora Hernández, 07/74/17. There is a witness of his transfer to CM1.
Zenón Zamora Hernández, 07/74/16. It is reported as 'package'. There are
testimonies of its execution.
Ignacio Zamora Román, 08/74/17. There is a document of his arrest.
Federal district and state of Mexico
Marco Antonio Arana Murillo, 05/81/17, for belonging to the LC23S. TG. Witnesses
that he was in jail.
Román Arroyo Secundino, 07/75/21. There is a document of his arrest
Epifanio Avilés Rojas, 05/69/19, for belonging to the ACNR There are witnesses to
his arrest.
Humberto Brito Nájera, 07/77/29, Ca. Witness of his stay in the clandestine prison
known as 'El Ferrocarril' or 'La Coca' and
arrested.
Candelario Campos Ramírez, 08/83/20, for belonging to the Union of Settlers and
Land Applicants for Housing Gabriel Jiménez
Gutierrez, AC There are arrest documents, a signal file and testimonies of his time
at CM1. 15
Enrique Canseco Ruíz, 09/77/18, for belonging to Unión del Pueblo. There are
documents of his arrest and stay in jail.
Ramón Cardona Medel, 09/77/18, for belonging to the MAR. There is a document
of his arrest or execution.
Juan Castillo Iturio, 11/76/18, for being part of the PdlP. There are testimonies of
his arrest.
Juan Chávez Hoyos, 09/78/08, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a signal
record and witnesses of his stay in CM1
Fernando Javier Chong Santiago, 11/81/06, for being considered a member of the
LC23S. There is a signal card.
Alicia De los Ríos Merino, 78/03, for belonging to the LC23S. There are documents
of his arrest, confession and witness of his stay in
the CM1,
Eduardo Echeverría Valdez, 11/81/18. There are documents of his arrest.
Austreberta Hilda Escobedo Ocaña, 12/81/21. Witness of his stay in a clandestine
prison.
Abel Estrada Camarillo (a) 'Benito Rogelio' 07/75/23, for belonging to the Mexican
Working Class Party. There are documents of his
detention.
Teresa Estrada Ramírez, 09/74/01, for being considered one of the Armed
Liberation Forces and the Armed Liberation Movement.
There are documents of his arrest and confession.
'In utero' Gallangos Cabrera, 06/75/19. There are documents of his arrest.
Roberto Antonio Gallangos Cruz, 06/75/19, for being a member of the LC23S.
There are documents of his arrest.
Santiago García, 05/68/01. There is testimony of his arrest.
Guadalupe Garza Escobar, for being considered from the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Manuel González Fuentes, 08/78/12, for belonging to the United Proletarian Party
of America. There are testimonies, confession and
documents of his arrest.
Francisco Gorostiola Toriz, 08/76/29, for belonging to the Red Brigade of the
LC23S. There are documents of his arrest, he was in
Intensive Care of the Central Military Hospital, being interrogated by the DFS.
Zamora Gerardo Gurrola, 10/80/14, for belonging to the Armed Liberation Forces.
There are documents, testimonies and confessions of
his arrest.
María Teresa Gutiérrez Hernández, 01/82/12. There are documents and
testimonies of his arrest.
Armando Guzmán Cruz, 07/74/19, for belonging to the MAR. There are documents
and confession of his arrest.
Cruz Hernández Hernández, 03/81/12, for being considered a member of the
LC23S. There are documents and testimony of his arrest.
Eduardo Hernández Vargas, 04/78/29, for belonging to the Ignacio Salas Obregón
Brigade of the LC23S. There is confession.
Héctor Jaramillo Chávez, 01/69/23. There are testimonies of his disappearance.
Leonardo Jiménez Alvarado, 75/07, for belonging to the Red Brigade of the LC23S.
There are documents of his arrest and confession.
David Jiménez Fragoso, 05/75/07, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a
document of his arrest.
Wenceslao José García, 10/74/11, for belonging to the Genaro Vázquez Political
Committee of the BREZ, of the LC23S. There are documents of
his detention and testimonies of his torture in CM1 and transfers.
Isaac López Molina, 05/84/05. There is a signal card.
Benjamín Maldonado Santos, 02/78/27, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Gaudencio Martínez Barrientos, 08/74/07, for belonging to FAR, PdlP, BCA. There
are documents of his arrest and confession.
'Unborn" Mena Torres, 01/76/29. Testimonies that his mother would have given
birth in CM1.
Juan Carlos Mendoza Galoz, 12/81/30, for belonging to the CNTE. There are
testimonies of his arrest.
Saúl Meza Enríquez, 12/77/20, for belonging to the LC23S. There are documents
of his arrest and testimonies that he was seen in CM1.
Delia Cirila Morales López, 08/75/22, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest and confession.
Mario Alberto Ortiz Vallejo, 07/74/20, for being considered part of the LC23S in DF.
There is signalectics and confession, there are testimonies of
his stay in prison.
Joaquín Porras Baños, 75/08, for belonging to the LC23S. There are documents of
his arrest and his stay in the Central hospital
Military where his condition is delicate
Fredy Alonso Puc Chel, 10/79/04, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
testimonies of his arrest.
Rafael Ramírez Duarte, 06/77/09, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a signal file
and witnesses of his arrest, torture and stay
in CM1.
Roque Reyes García, 09/81/11, for being a CAP Member. There are testimonies of
his arrest.
Ignacio Arturo Salas Obregón (a) 'Santiago Juan de Dios Martínez Castro' 'José
Guadalupe Nevares Bringas', 04/74/25, for being a member
of the LC23S. There are documents of his arrest, confession and witnesses of his
stay in CM1.
Gilberto Joel Silva Aréstegui, 08/75/30, for being part of Unión del Pueblo. There
are witnesses to his arrest.
Artemisa Tecla Parra (a) 'Sylvia Sandoval Orozco' 'María Dolores Martínez
Cuevas', 05/78/16, for being a member of the Red Brigade of
the LC23S. There is a signal file and documents of his arrest.
María Teresa and son Torres Ramírez de Mena, 01/76/31, for belonging to the FAR
Women's Command. Witnesses to his arrest and
who gave birth in CM1.
Jesús Abel Uriarte Borboa, 11/81/09, There are testimonies of his arrest.
Carmen or Carmela Vargas Pérez, 06/75/26, for belonging to the LC23S. There is
a witness to his arrest. It is counted with confession.
State of Sinaloa
José Crescencio Aispuro Amézquita, 01/78/05. There are documents of his arrest
and a signal file.
Carlos Alemán Velásquez, 08/77/29, For belonging to the Roberto Verdugo Gil
Brigade of the LC23S. There are documents of his arrest,
confession and signalex sheet.
Angel Arreola Ortíz, 09/72/16, for belonging to the PdlP There is a confession.
Witness his stay in CM1.
Juan de Dios Carvajal Pérez, 08/77/20, for belonging to the Margarita Andrade
Vallejo Brigade of the LC23S.
Armando Escalante Morales, 05/75/-, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Juan Germán Flores Carrasco, 08/77/20, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Leticia Galarza Campos, 01/78/05, for being a member of the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Luis Francisco García Castro, 08/77/28, for being a member of the Roberto
Verdugo Gil Brigade, of the LC23S. There are documents of his
detention. 16
Oscar César Gaxiola Murillo, 02/78/15, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents, confessions and testimonies of his arrest.
Edmundo Hernández Borrego, 09/77/21, for belonging to the “Francisco Froilán
Rendón Pacheco” Brigade of the LC23S. exist
documents and confession of his arrest, transferred to Military Zone 9.
Martín Hernández Rodríguez, 01/79/09. There is a witness to his arrest, and his
stay in 9th ZM.
Ángel Manuel Herrera Álvarez, 07/77/29, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
testimony and documents of his arrest.
Ignacio Tranquilino Herrera Sánchez, 07/76/01, for belonging to the January 16
Brigade of the LC23S. There are documents and confession of
their arrest, who are in the 9th ZM Command.
Juan de Dios Herrera Sánchez, 07/76/01, for belonging to the January 16 Brigade
of the LC23S. There is a document of his arrest and
confession.
Héctor Arnoldo León Díaz, 04/77/25, for belonging to the Roberto Verdugo Gil
Brigade of the LC23S. There are witnesses to his arrest.
Esteban López Espinoza, 05/77/02, There are testimonies of arrest.
Henry López Gaytán, 75 /06?, for belonging to the LC23S. There are documents
and testimonies of his arrest.
Francisco Javier Manríquez Pérez, 08/77/19, for belonging to the Margarita
Andrade Vallejo Brigade of the LC23S. There is a file
signalectics and documents of his arrest.
Joel Orlando Miguel Anaya, 09/77/21, for belonging to the Francisco Froilán
Rendón Pacheco Brigade, of the LC23S. There are documents
of his arrest.
Felipe Ángel Millán García, 08/77/19, for being considered from the LC23S. There
are documents of his arrest and witnesses of his
permanence in ZM 9, and transfer to CM1.
Miguel Ángel Morales Valerio, 09/77/08, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Cristina Rocha Manzanares de Herrera, 07/76/01, for belonging to the January 16
Brigade of the LC23S. There are documents of his
detention and interrogation.
Rigoberto Rodríguez Rivera, 01/78/05. There are documents of his arrest.
José Manuel Rojas Gaxiola, 07/76/21. There are documents of his arrest.
José Guadalupe Salas García, 07/77/30, for belonging to the Margarita Andrade
Vallejo Brigade of the LC23S. There is confession.
Saúl Salas García, 10/77/20, for belonging to the Arturo Salas Obregón Brigade of
the LC23S. There are arrest documents.
Atilano Saldaña Parra, 02/76/03. There is a document of his arrest.
Alejo Samaniego Sámano, 11/77/17. There are documents and witnesses of his
arrest, as well as testimonies of his torture.
Hector David Sandoval, 05/76/18. There is a document of his arrest or death.
José Guadalupe Sicarios Angulo, 03/76/13. There is a document of his arrest and
testimonies of his stay in CM1.
Jalisco state
Ricardo Raúl Cervera García, 03/80/15. There is confession and photography.
Martha Juventina Murillo de Ramírez, 09/83/20. There is a document of his arrest
and transfer.
Miguel Ángel Sánchez Vázquez, 04/77/07. There is a signal record and
confession.
José Alfredo Peña Ramos, 80/03/. There are documents of his arrest and his stay
in the Social Rehabilitation Center.
Carlos Hermosillo González, 03/80/20, for belonging to Comején. There are
documents of his arrest.
Donaciano Ramírez Rojas, 06/77/24, was arrested for belonging to the FRAP.
There is a signal file and document of his arrest.
Gabriel Solorio Ortega, 09/77/13, for being part of the People's Union and the
People's Armed Command. There are documents of his
arrest, transfer and confession.
Rodolfo Reyes Crespo, 12/73/22, for being part of the FER. There are documents
of his arrest and transfer.
Juan Manuel Godinez López, 06/77/22, for belonging to the FRAP. There are
documents, testimony and confession of his arrest.
Irma Yolanda Cruz Santiago, 06/77/01, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a
signal card.
Carlos Ceballos Loya (a) 'Julián González Martínez' 'José Ortíz Ortega' 'Julián
González' (†) 11/77/26, for belonging to the LC23S.
There is a document of his arrest or execution.
Raúl Mercado Martínez, 04/77/06, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest, confession and signal file.
Jorge Salvador Carrasco Gutiérrez, 02/77/27, for belonging to the LC23S. There is
a confession and a signal record
José Barrón Caldera, 06/76/10, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a confession
and a signal record and witnesses of his stay in CM1.
Ricardo Madrigal Sahagún, 04/77/15, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a
confession, a signal file and witnesses of his arrest.
Manuel Esparza Gutiérrez, 03/80/10, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
José Luis Torres Ontiveros, 07/77/23, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his imprisonment.
David López Valenzuela, 09/74/27, for belonging to the People's Revolutionary
Armed Forces. There are documents of his
arrest and confession.
José de Jesús Ávila González (a) "Ávila González Rodolfo De Jesús" 04/74/05, for
belonging to the PdlP. There is Affiliation with Tokens
fingerprinting.
Jesús Reyes Mayoral Jáuregui, 08/77/23, for belonging to the Union of the People
and the People's Armed Revolutionary Forces.
There are witnesses and photographs of his arrest, a signal file and evidence that
he was murdered.
Apolinar Barrientos Ríos, 10/74/10. There are witnesses of his permanence in
CM1.
Other states
Marcelo Arenas Bautista, 11/74, for belonging to the People's Armed Front. There
is a document that refers to his confession.
Ausencio or Inocencio Bello Ríos, 08/74/23. Reported as 'package'.
Pedro Cedillo Díaz, 04/77/18, for belonging to the Press Committee of the Héctor
Manuel Hernández Rodríguez Command, of the LC23S.
There is a signal card.
José Guadalupe Cervantes Flores, 07/77/22, for belonging to the FRAP. There is a
signal record and confession.
José Armando Chávez Pérez, 04/74/-, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
testimonies and documents of his arrest. 17
Florencio Coronel Chavarría, 05/78/24, for belonging to the Miguel Domínguez
Rodríguez Brigade, of the LC23S. Witness your stay
in CM1.
Adolfo Corral Cota, 08/77/10, for belonging to LC23S. Witness his stay in CM1.
José de Jesús Corral García (a) “García Hernández Arturo” “José Antonio” 76/03/,
for being a member of the LC23S. There is confession.
Francisco Javier Coutiño Gordillo, 11/74/16, for belonging to the Lacandones
Peasant Brigade. There is a signal card.
José Luis Cruz Flores, 07/74/20, for being considered a member of the MAR.
There is a signal and confession sheet.
Gabriel Domínguez Rodríguez 1976 for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest and testimonies.
Luis Benito Espinoza Lucero, 11/77/07, for belonging to LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest.
Valentín Fernández Zamora, 10/78/30, was arrested for belonging to the LC23S.
There are witnesses and documents of his arrest.
Avelino Francisco Gallangos Cruz 06/75/22, for being a member of the Red
Brigade of the LC23S. There are documents of his arrest.
Irineo García Valenzuela, 04/81/30, for belonging to the Luis Miguel Corral García
Brigade, of the LC23S. There are documents and testimonies
of his arrest.
Oscar Javier Gaytán Saldívar, 09/74/04, for belonging to the MAR. There are
documents and testimony of his arrest.
Oscar González Juárez, 02-76-03, for belonging to the FAR. There are documents
of his arrest.
Adenabe Solon Guzmán Cruz, 74/07 27, for belonging to the MAR. There are
documents of his arrest.
Amafer Guzmán Cruz, 07/74/16, for belonging to the MAR. There are documents
and confession of his arrest.
Venustiano Guzmán Cruz, 07/74/18, for belonging to the MAR. There is
confession.
José de Jesús Guzmán Jiménez, 07/74/22. There are documents and a signal
document of his arrest.
Simón José García, 05/75/28, for belonging to the Emiliano Zapata Peasant
Brigade and the Carlos Rentería Revolutionary Worker Brigade
Rodríguez, from LC23S. There are documents of his arrest and a signal file.
José Fernando López Rodríguez, 04/78/04, for belonging to the Raúl Ramos
Zavala Brigade of the LC23S. There are documents of his
arrest and testimonies of his stay in CM1
Florentino Loza Patiño, 07/77/14, for belonging to the BCA-PdlP. There are
witnesses of his stay in Acapulco prison, documents
of his transfer to the PJE prisons, confession and signalex file.
Pedro José Lozano Cantú, 04/78/05, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest, transfer and signal file.
Juan Manuel Mendivil González 11/81/19, for belonging to the FRAP. Witness to
his arrest.
Vicente Mendoza Martínez, 05/78/20, for being considered a member of the
Netzahualcoyotl group, with ties to the LC23S. exist
documents of his arrest and signal file.
Francisco Mercado Espinoza, 02/77/10, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
documents of his arrest and a signal file.
Elvira Armida Miranda Verdugo, 11/81/20. There are testimonies and documents of
his arrest.
Miguel Muñoz Serna, 02/72/01. There is a document of his arrest.
María Olga Navarro Fierro, 05/77/08, for belonging to the Salvador Corral García
Brigade, of the LC23S, There are testimonies of her
arrest and that she was confined in the women's prison.
Ana María Parra de Tecla, 04/79/12, for belonging to the LC23S. There are
testimonies of his transfer, testimonies of his stay in a
clandestine prison and documents of his arrest.
Raúl Enrique Pérez Gasque, 03/74/21, for belonging to the Armed Forces of
National Liberation. There are signals and documents
of his transfer.
Francisco Alfonso Pérez Rayón, 04/77/14, for belonging to LC23S. There is a
document of his arrest.
Jesús Piedra Ibarra, 04/75/13, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a document
about his arrest and confession.
José Luis Ramírez Villanueva, February 1984, was arrested for being part of the
FRAP. There are documents of his arrest and
transfer.
Juan José Rodríguez García, 78/05, for belonging to the Socialist Workers Party.
There is a signal card.
Elisa Irina Saenz Garza (a) 'Ma Del Carmen, 03/74/23, for belonging to the FLN.
There are documents of his transfer, confession and file
signalectics.
Ramiro Salas Ramos, 04/78/04, for belonging to the LC23S, Raúl Ramos Zavala
Brigade. Witness his stay in CM1. exist
documents of his arrest and witnesses of his stay in CM1.
Leonardo Salazar Aguiluz, 12/76/30, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a
document of his arrest.
Lorenzo Soto Cervantes (a) 'Lorenzo Soto Flores', 05/78/22, for belonging to the
Miguel Domínguez Rodríguez Brigade of the LC23S. Exists
witness of his permanence in CM1 and signalex sheet.
Daniel Tapia Pérez, 11/74/16, for being part of the Lacandones Peasant Brigade.
There is a signal record and confession.
Adolfo Tecla Parra, 1978, for belonging to the Red Brigade of the LC23S. There is
a document that refers to his disappearance.
Violeta Tecla Parra, 04/78/04, for belonging to the LC23S. There is a document of
his arrest, a witness of his stay in CM1 and a confession.
Edictor Toala Escobar, 02/74/17, for belonging to the FLN. There is a document of
his arrest.
Jorge Hermelindo Varela Varela, 05/77/08, for being part of the Miguel Domínguez
Rodríguez Brigade, of the LC23S. There is a witness of
his confinement in Santa Martha Acatitla and his transfer to CM1.
Alberto Vázquez Castellanos, 02/75/16, for belonging to the LC23S. There is
information about his imprisonment in the 28th Military Zone, photograph,
affiliation and interrogation.
Sebastián Vázquez Mendoza, 11/74/16, for belonging to the Lacandones Peasant
Brigade. There is a signal record and confession.
Fidelino Velázquez Martínez, 74/07, for belonging to the National Liberation
Forces. There is testimony of his permanence in the
CM1. There is his confession and his personal identification card.
Eduardo Villaburo Ibarra, 11/74/16, for belonging to the Lacandones Peasant
Brigade. There are documents of his arrest.
Carlos Arturo Vives Chapa, 03/74/18, for belonging to the National Liberation
Forces (FLN). There is a signal record and confession.
Federico Zurita Carballo or Federico Carballo Subyaur, 02/74/17, for belonging to
the FLN. There is a document of your arrest or
execution. 18
8.2.2. Cases in which the well-founded presumption is established
In another 209 cases, the information that could be found – and that which is
inferred by
analogy - allows us to affirm, with a very high degree of certainty, that these are
people
detained and disappeared by State agents. The difference in degree of certainty is
due
because the complaint or complaint is less precise in relation to the detention – in
terms of date,
place and circumstances. In this regard, it is necessary to consider that not all
arrests are
performed in front of identifiable witnesses or under conditions where it can be
reliably reported.
certainty in relation to the date, place and circumstances in which the events
occurred.
For this reason, there are testimonies that are not answered in all their points, that
there is no
eyewitnesses and that their families had lost contact with the victim – due
many times to the clandestine activities they carried out. Nor has it been
documentation found in the archives of the political police regarding the arrest
of these people.
It should be noted here that the investigation of these cases must continue. The
scarce
The time available is, in part, the reason why a project has not been completed.
exhaustive search for these cases. Many times, in the case analysis of another
detained, evidence has appeared of other victims of whom there was no
sufficient information to give validity to the case and thus they were considered
within
of the first group. It should also be noted that the short time did not make it
possible to carry out
of testimonial work that is necessary to carry out so that greater contributions can
be made.
items. It is worth remembering that the archives of the political police are not
complete,
nor were they directly available to our work team. The staff that
The same CISEN put in place to manage the information were the ones who
provided the
Information available. Consequently, it cannot be said that there is no information
at
regard.
TO. Analogies in behavior pattern
Although the information obtained regarding 209 cases of disappearances
forced does not have all the elements of precision and certainty that are available
in
the previous 433 cases, it is reiterated that, in relation to the complaints relating to
people
that was located in this second group, there is a high degree of certainty that they
occurred but
It remains to be specified the circumstances that provide data to the legal truth that
must be
sustain. The pattern of behavior of how the arrests that are located occurred
In this second group there is an analogy that cannot possibly be casuistic and,
Consequently, it provides us with elements of certainty that the events occurred
and that
It is important to invest the time and resources necessary to find more elements
circumstantial.
In the state of Guerrero
In the state of Guerrero there is a record of 551 reports of disappearance
forced that allegedly occurred between 1961 and 1979. Of these complaints,
according to the
indicated criteria, during the investigation sufficient elements were found to
fully accredit 260 cases. In 144 cases there is a well-founded presumption to
consider 19
that happened, and in 147 cases
18
information is lacking to make a probability judgment. In
total in 404 cases, out of a total of 551 complaints, in which there is information
that
allows us to consider that these disappearances happened.
Because complaints filed tend to be confirmed to have happened,
because the statistics are consistent with this group, they are consistent with those
of the cases
sufficiently accredited; and because the motivations for hiding the responsibility of
the
State and the means at their disposal have been in the hands of the political police,
it is fitting,
also leave the benefit of the doubt, on the side of the victims and not the
repressors.
See the following inferences.
According to the dates of the disappearance of these people, in 1974 **
cases that are fully proven and ** that prove a well-founded presumption. In total **
cases
that can be documented only in that year. If we graph in the same way the total of
The ** cases, in their two modalities of fully accredited and founded presumption,
are
would have the following graph:
Disappeared in the state of Guerrero according to the year of disappearance
0
50
100
150
200
250
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 sf
Year
Missing
Total
With information
In Mexico City and the State of Mexico
Second in importance for the number of missing detainees, after the
State of Guerrero, is the region that covers Mexico City and the state of Mexico,
where 86 reports of forced disappearance are recorded that occurred in the years
1975 and
1981. Of these, 64 cases are fully accredited and in 18 the presumption is
established
founded. The arrest dates per year behave according to the following graph.

18
70 cases in which the State of Guerrero is identified as a place of detention; 19
cases that appear in
the lists of Rosales and Eleazar Peralta Santiago and 215 that AFADEM presents
without sufficient information. 20
MISSING IN MEXICO CITY ACCORDING TO THE YEAR OF
DISAPPEARANCE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 sf
YEAR
MISSING
Enough
Total
As will be seen, the well-founded presumption is also confirmed with the inference
of
the consistency of data that is systematized from both groups.
In Sinaloa
In the State of Sinaloa there is a record of 45 disappearance complaints
forced between 1971 and 1984, of which 32 are fully accredited and 12 have
well-founded presumption that they occurred. The arrest graph is as follows:
DISAPPEARING PER YEAR FROM THE STATE OF
SINALOA
0
5
10
15
20
25
68
70
72
47
67
78
80
82
84
YEAR
S MISSING
ENOUGH
T0TAL
It is confirmed that both are answers, 21
In Jalisco
In the State of Jalisco, 32 reports of forced disappearance were registered
between 1970
and 1983, of which 23 have been fully accredited and 9 with well-founded
presumption
cases. If the arrests are graphed according to the dates on which they occurred,
I would have the following graph in which both groups are again answered.
DISAPPEARED IN THE STATE OF JALISCO ACCORDING TO THE YEAR OF
DISAPPEARANCE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
YEAR
S MISSING
ENOUGH
b. Cases in which a well-founded presumption is established that there was a
forced disappearance
Warrior status
Roberto Aguirre Bertín, 74/10/-; Regino Almazán Urioste or Uriostegui, 74/10/-;
Alberto Álvarez Azanza, 08/76/08; Pablo Arreola Yáñez
(a) 'El Toro', 05/74/10; David Avilés Mendoza, 08/75/03; Epifanio Aviles Rojas,
69/05/19; Crispín Bahena Méndez (a) 'Julián',
04/77/07; Roque Bahena, 04/72/20; Félix Barrientos Campos, 07/75/04; Domitilo
Barrientos Martínez, 10/74/01; Justino Barrientos
Villegas, 74; Santiago Barrios Castro, 74/10/-; Emeterio Benítez Radilla, 04/74/10;
Armando Benítez Simón, 10/76/02; Roger
Betancourt Díaz, 11/79/14; Julián Blanco, 05/74/17; Francisco BodegaFam'Chico
Bodega', SF; Bartolo Bracamontes Patiño, 04/71/27;
Julián Cabañas Navarrete, 06/75/25; Domingo Calixto Cortés, 08/77/15; Raúl
Camacho Valveri, 08/77/15; Lucio Castillo Galeana,
11/74/02; Francisco Castro Sunday, 06/71/28; Eleazar Castro Molina (a) 'Alfredo',
08/73/23; Faviola Castro Molina, 01/75/14; Pedro
Castro Rosas, 08/74/25; Alberto Cedillo Cruz, 08/77/-; Faustino Cruz Jaime, SF;
Ángel Cruz Mayo, 74/10/-; Miguel Cruz Ramirez,
04/76/09; Simplicio De Jesús de la Cruz, 70/10/-.; Alfonso De los Santos Dorantes,
08/76/05; Aurelio Díaz Fierro, 09/72/02; Francisco
Diego Flores, 08/77/15; Albertano Dorantes Azanza, 08/76/08; Alberto Dorantes
Pérez, 08/76/04; Abel Estrada Camarillo (a) 'Benito' or
'Rogelio', 10/78/22; Manuel Farías Bello, 08/74/25; Hermilio Fierro Hernández,
07/74/16; Ignacio Fierro Montero, 11/75/25; Juan
Fierro, 06/72/25; Marciano Flores De Jesús, 12/74/06; Diego Agustín Flores
González, 84/ 05/ 05; Tomás Flores Jiménez Fam
'Tomasín', 11/72/08; Benito Flores Silva, 75/01/17; Juan Flores, 74/10/-; Manuel
Fraga Ponce, 74/10/-; Sabino Fraga Ponce, 08/74/18;
TrinidadGaleana Iturio, 74/11/-; JulioGalindo Romero, 12/77/03; Sergio Arturo
Gamio Roffe, 04/90/01; Francisco García Chalma,
12/73/17; Juan García Fierro, 75; Antonio García González, 71/ 09/ 12; Miguel
García Mateo, 06/75/15; Constantino García Pablete,
08/76/30; Santiago Garrios, 07/75/02; Octaviano Gervasio Benítez, 06/74/26;
Andrés Gómez Balanzar, SF; Gerardo Guadarrama
Alcantara, 83/11; José Alberto Gutiérrez, 76/ 01; Félix Guzmán Fierro, 10/77/22;
Andrés Hernández Arellano (a) 'El Pata de Res',
11/74/22; Paulino Hernández Cerecedo, 05/74/17; Héctor Hernández Maciel,
03/77/21; Ascención Hernández Radilla, 74/06; Placid
Hernández Ramírez, 09/74/13; Roberto Hernández Sánchez, 05/74/24; Plácido
Hernández Valente, 09/77/13; María Concepción Jiménez
Rendón, 04/78/20; Cutberto EduardoJuárez Juárez, 08/77/03; Rafael Larumbe
Bello, 09/81/22; Isidro Leyva Fierro, 12/77/14; Jose Leyva
Fierro, 01/78/04; Dimas Llanes Arreola, 74; Martina Llanes Arreola, 74; Antonio
Llanes Díaz, 12/77/31; Avelino Llanes Ponciano or
Avelino Yáñez Ponciano, 01/78/01; Seferino Martínez Díaz, 01/77/08; Marcelino
Martínez García (a) 'Chelote', 04/73/25; Misael
Martínez Pérez, 03/78/07; Delfino Mata Castro, 12/78/14; José Melgar Martínez,
10/76/21; Heliodoro Mondragón Medina, 10/74/20;
Eloy Morales Gervasio (a) 'Arturo', 77; Encarnación Moreno González, 07/75/05;
Leónides Moreno González, 68; Angel Moreno Ríos
(T-187), 10/74/10; Leoncio Mújica Cerezo, 07/75/18; Roberto IgnacioMújica Díaz,
07/75/18; Gregorio Naranjo Vázquez, 74; fredy
Nava Ríos, 05/77/01; Abel Navarrete Jiménez, 76; Baltazar Navarrete Reyes,
07/74/11; Aurora Navarro Campo del, 01/76/25; German
Núñez Alva, 09/75/27; Patricio Ocampo Sotero, 07/74/18; Vicente HiginioOrtiz
Nava, 08/74/22; Jerónimo Parra Barrientos, 08/72/27;
Saturnino Pérez Carmona, 07/76/04; Filegonio Pérez Escobar, 04/78/03; Marcelino
Pérez Martínez, 04/78/03; Antonio Pólito Nava (a)
'Orlado Cienfuegos', 05/74/17; Petronilo Radilla Barrientos [See Petronilo Radilla
Gómez], 07/74/23; Hermilo Radilla Gómez,
07/74/23; Rodrigo Ramírez García (a) 'Juan', 12/62/30; Alejandro Ramírez
Sánchez Fam'Alejo', 12/62/31; Fulgencio Reséndiz
Hernandez, 08/76/04; Bernardo or (Sergio) Reséndiz Salmerón, 08/76/04;
Bernardo Reséndiz Valente, 08/76/03; Sergio Reséndiz,
08/76/04; Marquina Reyes Fierro, 12/74/03; Dimas Reyes Yáñez, 08/74/18;
Cristina Rocha de Herrera, SF; Santiago Roque Moreno,
07/78/11; Edilberto Sánchez Cruz (a) 'Juan' or 'Juanelo', 04/76/10; 'Newborn'
Sánchez Rivera, 04/76/10; Salvador Sánchez Sierra,
76/ 08/ 05; José Ascención Sánchez Vergara, 07/74/13; Claudio Segura Sánchez,
07/75/05; Margarito Serafin, 08/75/20; Fidel Serrano 22
Barrientos, 08/74/18; Guillermo Gabriel Sotelo, 04/74/15; José Tomalán Gómez,
74/10/; Isidro Torres Galindo, 74/10/; d. Rafael Urban,
09/74/23; Antonio Urioste Santiago, 09/74/08; Miguel Uriostegui Terán, 02/74/01;
Onesimo Uriostegui Terán, 74/10/; Heriberto
Valdovinos Nario (a) 'El Cepillo', 04/73/23; David Vargas Rojas (a) 'Mario', SF;
Arturo Vargas Viviano, 04/75/24; Juan Vazquez
Jesus, SF; José Luis Vélez Cienfuegos, 75/ 04/ 24; Filiberto Victorino Gutiérrez,
76/10/; Victorino Villa Rosales, 04/74/17; Laura Villa,
02/76/06; Isidro Villegas Cruz, 03/74/17; Cesáreo Villegas Tabares, 09/72/03;
Virgilio Vinalay Jiménez, 05/76/16; Rosendo Zambrano,
76/10/.
Federal District and State of Mexico
Celestino Acevedo Ortíz., 85/ 01/ 20; Víctor Acosta Ramos., 82/ 01/ 12; Mario
Alvarado Prieto., 80/ 10/ 29; Rubén Andrade Gonzaga.,
84/ 02; Alva Antonio Alcalá., 87/ 05; Roque Armenta Sotelo., 76/ 03; José de Jesús
Ávila González (a) 'Samuel' and 'Martín', 04/74/05;
Marcelo Badillo Zapata., 82/ 12/ 31; Ezequiel Barrientos Flores., 05/71/01; Román
Barrón Gurrola., 81/ 11/ 08; Fernando Javier Bautista
Santiago., 82/ 05/ 13; Julia Becerra Amaro., 78/ 05/ 20; Macrina or Martina
Cárdenas Montaño., 71/09/12; Luz Alejandra Cardenas
Santana., 78/07/18; Salvador Castañeda Álvarez., 02/71/28; Antonio Bernardo
Castro Wierczorek., 82/ 07/ 27; Jorge Gonzalo Contreras
Paniagua., 79/ 04/ 02; Pedro Ignacio Cortés Gutiérre., SF; José Antonio Curiel
Velázquez., 82/ 12/ 16; Alfredo De la Rosa Olguín., 71/
07/ 14; Armando De la Rosa Olguín., 71/06/16; Carlos Dorado López., 11/77/09;
Julio Fuentes Martínez., 74/ 11/ 07; Juan Gallardo
Moreno., 67/ 01/ 07; Guillermo García López., 07/71/16; Hortencia García Zavala.,
78/ 06/ 07; Pedro Gorgonio Santiago., 74/ 11/ 01;
César Gutiérrez Flores., 71/ 07 16; José Gutiérrez Martínez., 72/ 01/ 30; Eduardo
Hernández Hernández., 81/ 03/ 12; Ruben Hernandez
Registry., 81/ 11/ 06; Miguel Ángel Hernández Solís., 81/ 12/ 14; Miguel Islas., 85/
04/ 20; Armando. Iturio Martínez., 03/76/-; Trinity.
Iturio Martínez., SF; Mario Alfonso Lara Vergara., 78/ 04; Gerardo López
Chavarría., 86/ 01/ 21; Raymundo López Chavarría., 77/ 12/
12; Aurelio or Aureliano Lugo López., 10/83/25; Jorge Lugo Nava., 81/ 01;
Gaudencio Martínez Barrientos., 76/ 11/ 18; Indalecio
Martínez Cedillo., 75/ 04/ 12; Martha Olga Medrano Torres., 81/12; Philemon.
Mesino Aguilar., 07/74/30; Ramón Monroy Olivar., 83/ 04/
03; José Luis Moreno Borbolla., 05/75/19; Rebeca Padilla Rivera., 04/76/10; Jesús
Ramírez Carrasco., 83/ 10/ 25; Araceli Ramos
Watanave., 75/07; Cirilo Roldán Ávila., 09/83/27; Armando Rosas., 78/09/;
Edilberto Sánchez Cruz., 76/ 04/ 10; Bebe Sánchez Padilla.,
04/76/10; María de los Angeles Sánchez Ramírez de., 06/77/09; Francisco Javier
Santamaría Ceballos., 08/83/28; José Sayeg Nevarez.,
08/76/10; Ana Lilia Tecla Parra., 75/ 04/ 20; Lázaro Torrealva Álvarez., 06/76/09;
Plutarco Torres Flores., 10/79/04; Eduardo Vargas
Alcalá., 83/ 05/ 13; Agustín Vargas Pérez., 75/ 07/26.
State of Sinaloa
Víctor Manuel Arballo Zamudio, 77/04/29; Héctor Manuel Ávila Angulo, 78/03/09;
Vidal Cota Valdez, 79/ 02/ 24; Alejandro Diaz
Acosta, 79/02/24; Jorge Guillermo Elenes Valenzuela, 04/77/26; Felipe Estrada
Martínez, 77/ 04/ 29; Ramón García Rivera, 77/05/01;
Miguel Ángel Hernández Valerio, SF; José Alberto Hernández, 78/01/01; Cosme
López Barrón, 77/ 11/ 09; Lourdes Martínez Huerta,
75/06; Jesús Cutberto Martínez Meza, 77/ 05/ 01; Jesús Mercado, 77/04/29; Pilar
Rubio Piña, 77; Antonio Torres Valdez, 08/78/03; José
Alfredo Valdés Avitia, 77/ 12/ 04; Isidro Villalva Guerrero, 77/05/01; Rafael Yañez
Ruelas, 78/07/20.
Jalisco state
Miguel Ángel Aráambula García., 78/ 04/ 01; José Bonilla Ortega., 03/80/22; María
Constancia Carballo Bolín., SF; Juan Gualberto
Carrillo Espino., 81/ 11/ 14; Joaquín Contreras Navarro., 77/ 10/ 08; Maximino
García Cruz., 77/ 06/ 01; Jesus Miguel Godinez
Martínez., 77/ 06; José Luis Martínez., 77/04; Alberto Ramírez Flores., 73/ 12;
Emilio Rubio., 77/07; Víctor Alejandro Soto Valladolid.,
78/ 05/ 19 11; Eligio Vázquez., 77/ 06/ 23.
Other states
Francisco Javier Alcántara Aispuro, 74/ 08/ 10; Víctor Miguel Álvarez García, 83/
07/ 20; Abraham Antonio, 12/81/03; Candido Arenas
San Juan, 73/ 11/ 02; Juan Enrique Barreras Valenzuela, 81/ 11/ 20; Marcial
Benítez De Jesús, 11/75/20; Carmen Bolón López de,
02/74/17; Héctor Guillermo Caballero Chávez, 74/08/20; Emma Cabrera Arenas,
76/ 06/ 19; Arnoldo Castro Santiago, 74; Vincent
Chávez Carranza, 03/74/22; Ladislao Cisneros Guillén, 12/76/18; Humberto Cruz
Ávila, SF; Juan Díaz Palacios, 81/ 10/ 03; Plutarch
Domínguez Rodríguez, 76; Gonzalo Esquer Corral, 74/02/13; Domingo Estrada
Ramírez, 08/79/07; Manuel Félix Merida, 84/ 11/ 09;
Carlos Galeana, SF; Raúl García, 65/ 01; Reynaldo García, 65/ 01; Juan García
Costilla, 80/ 10/ 17; Juan Ramón García Gómez, 88; José
Angel García Martínez, 01/72/17; José García Simón, 75/ 05; José García, 65/ 01;
Pedro Gómez, 75/; Salvador González Cabrera, 79/
08/07; Alfonso González Ríos, 80/ 03/ 26; Fernando González, 74/02; Genoledin
Guichard Gutiérrez, 02/74/17; Nau Guichard
Gutiérrez, 02/74/17; Clemente Guichard Gutiérrez, SF; José Angel Gutiérrez G,
02/74/17; Natalio Hernández Cerecero, 81/05/17;
Paulino Hernández Cerecero, 05/74/17; José de Jesús Jiménez Galván, 81/ 02/
27; José Guadalupe León Rosado, 77/09/03; Anthony
Llanes Rosales, 74; Isidro Lobato, 84/05/11; MarcoAntonio López de Jesús,
09/77/06; Atanasio López Gómez, 02/74/17; Alberto Lopez
Herrera, 04/78/05; Ángel López Sánchez, 02/74/17; Florentino Loza Patiño,
07/77/15; Fidel Luna de la Cruz, 80/02/02; Villado
Martínez Gómez, 06/72/25; Juan Martínez López, 81/ 11/ 08; Juan Martínez
Vázquez, 11/81/08; AnaLuz Mendoza Sosa, 74/06; Sarah
Mendoza Sosa, 74/06; Adrián Jesús Mercado, SF; Domingo Meza Valdovinos, SF;
Arturo Miranda Ramírez, 72/02/10; Juan Manuel
Olguín Moreno, SF; José Pilar Terrazas, 78/05/16; Víctor Pineda Henestrosa,
78/06/11; Rolando Ramírez Naranjo, 02/81/27; David
Rojas Arias See David Rojas Vargas, SF; Justino Romero Flores, 76/09/09; Pastor
Romero Flores, 76/09/09; Narciso Ruiz Santiago,
69/09; Mariano Santos, 06/84/09; Marcelino Serafín Juárez Serrano, SF; Jesús
Sierra Monrroy, 02/74/17; Yali Mireya Smith Martínez,
78/ 04/ 10; Rosendo Valero Muñoz, 84/07/02; Gabriel Fernando Valles Martínez,
87/ 05; Juan Ramón Vázquez, 87/05/27; Rafael Vidal
Jesus, 02/74/06; Eduardo Candelario Villaburu Ibarra, 74/ 11/ 20. 23
8.2.3. Cases in which more information is required
The other 152 cases of which we have a record of forced disappearance are
those about whom we have very poor information and who, except for strokes of
luck
In the continuous search for the files, it has not been possible to establish a
mechanism for
precise search, nor are there elements of sufficient certainty to affirm that these
cases
of arrests and disappearances have occurred.
TO. The need to obtain more information
These are cases that, although they appear on lists of family organizations,
union or political organizations, lack precision in terms of basic data. TO
Sometimes there are generic references to the year and the State of the Republic
is not even specified.
where the arrest is presumed to have occurred. There is also not enough
information about the victim,
Sometimes the name itself is incomplete, there is no information about the victim's
family or
where to look for it. There is no response from the person making the complaint.
This list has been very
elastic. The cases that appear in one way or another enter and, also, it is the one
that is most
purify. Many cases have been removed from the list because it was found that,
although the case
It was true, it was an alias that is part of the first list. It is necessary to remember
that in the clandestine conditions in which many had to move, they used
false names by which they were known when they were arrested and disappeared.
The names of those who, although they were detained, were also removed
disappeared, they were temporarily and fortunately they appeared. I also know
They removed from this list the names of those who, by chance, we met
information in the files and that gave an account of the date, place and manner of
detention,
proving the participation of State agents in his forced disappearance. It should be
noted
This list is presented with the intention of requesting those who read this Report
and have
some information in relation to these people, providing the necessary data
to refine the search or to conclude it.
b. Cases in which more information is required to investigate the facts that
happened
Julio Abarca Alarcón, José Abel Ramírez, Wences Acevedo García, Juana Acosta
Gómez, Carlos Acosta Martínez, Víctor Acosta
Ramos, Marquina Ahuejote Llanes or Ahejote Yáñez Marquina, Francisco Alonso,
Miguel Álvarez Jacinto, Alberto Álvarez Manzanares,
Hipólito Antonio Nava, Víctor Arballo Zamudio, Ignacio Arésteguí, Víctor Manuel
Argüello, Ramón Arreola Secundino, Felícitas
Arroyo Dionisio, Melitón Arroyo González, Juan Ávila Mesino, Abel Baltazar ó
Balanzar, Margarito Baltazar Vázquez, Santiago Baños
Castro, Francisco Barradas Baños, Leonardo Barragán Dimas, Heriberto Barranco
Mote, Javier Barranco Mote, Santiago Barrientos
Castro, Apolinar Barrientos Díaz, Domitilo Barrientos Gómez, Félix Bello González,
Bonifacio Bello Malo, Leonardo Bello Ramos,
Fructuoso Beltrán, René Benítez Bravo, Emeterio Benítez Hernández, Genara
Benítez Hernández, Gloria Benítez Hernández, Melchor
Benítez Onofre, Epifanio Berum Carbajal, Epifanio Berum Torres, Rodrigo
Betancourt García, Elías Brito Alarcón, Heriberto Cabañas
Flores, Gregorio Calderón Laguna, Crescencia Calderón Nava, Inocencio
Calderón, Francisco Campos Ramírez, Enrique Carrera,
Abundio Casarrubias Hernández, Gertrudis Castañeda Baltazar, Felipe Castillo
Cabañas, Roberto Castillo Iturio, Victorino or Jesús
Castillo Iturio, Candelario Castillo Martínez, Lucio Castro Dávila, Israel Castro
Dionisio, Isaías Castro Hernández, Alejandro Cimbras
Bernal, Miguel Ángel De la Cruz Martínez, Marcelina Fierro Martínez, Berenice
Fierro Rodríguez, Cristóbal Fierro Rodríguez, Sandino
Fierro Rodríguez, Juan Flores Benítez, Juan Flores Fierro, Guillermo Flores
Galeana, Juan Flores Galeana, Nicolás Flores Galeana,
Agustín Flores González, Nicolás Flores Jiménez, Epifanio Flores Martínez, Estela
Flores Patiño, José Luis Flores Patiño, Arturo Flores
Rodríguez, Aurelio Flores, Enrique Fuentes Martínez, Hilario Fuentes Núñez, Isidro
Galeana Abarca, Benito Galeana, Teresa Galeana,
Guadalupe José Gálvez, José Jesús Garay, Diego García Bautista, Liliana García
Flores, Marcelino García Martínez, Juan García Nájera,
José García Wenceslaos, Flavio García, Roberto García, Pablo Gaspar Jimón,
Leonardo Gómez Abarca, Camilo Gómez Adame, Antonio
Gómez Díaz, Celia Gómez Etzin, Juliana Gómez López, Carmen Gómez Pérez,
Venancia Gómez Sánchez, Esteban Gómez Vallle, Juan 24
Gómez, Leonardo Gómez, Pablo González Mirenda, Antonio González Rosales,
Reyna González Vázquez, Sixto González, Octavio
Grecio, Pedro Gregorio Santiago, José Gregorio Tlatino, Ángel Gregrorio Gómez,
Gerardo Guadarrama Alcántara, Antonio Gudiño,
Andrés Guillén Lombera, José Guillén, José Alberto Gutierrez Pérez, Jerónimo
Hernández Casarrubias, Sonia Hernández Escobedo,
Cirino Hernández Flores, Santiago Hernández Hernández, Marcos Hernández
Joaquin, Diógenes Hernández Martínez, Juan Hérnandez
Torres, Alberto Hernández, Aurelio Guadalupe Hernández, Dionisio Hernández,
Fidencio Hernández, Florencio Hernández, State-Two
Hidalgo indigenous people, Antonio Hipólito Nava, Severiano Iturio de Jesús,
Silverio Jacinto Trinidad, Rosendo Jiménez Reyes, Francisco
Modesto Jiménez, María Isabel Jiménez, Jacinto Juárez Fierro, Lucino Juárez
Ramos, Antonio Lázaro Diego, Santos Lázaro, Pedro
Lemus Villegas, José Guadalupe León Rosado, Dimas Leonardo Barragán, Crispin
Lezama Martínez, Pablo Llanes Arreola, Santana
Llanes Noriega, Avelino Llanes Ponciano, Matilde Llanes Vázquez, Daniel López
Álvarez, Filiberto López Arrellano, Fidel López
Gómez, Pablo López Gómez, Paulina López Gómez, Isaac López Molina, Benito
López Rosas, Juan López Rosas, Simón López Rosas,
Araceli López Sánchez, Fernando López Sánchez, Karla Hilaria López Sánchez,
Miguel Ángel López Sánchez, Patricia López Sánchez,
Sergio Alejandro López Sánchez, Víctor Manuel López Sánchez, Guadalupe
López, Carlos Lorenzo Llanes, Paula Loza Flores,
Magdalena Maldonado Pineda, Maximino Marcial Jaimes, Fidel Martínez Arriaga,
Ángel Martínez Cabañas, Juan Martínez Gervasio,
Martiniano Martínez Linares, Doroteo Martínez, Carmelo Mata, Francisco Méndez
Gómez, Carlos Mendoza Moises, Mario Mendoza
Roque, Feliciano Mesino Aguilar, Jerónimo Mesino Barrientos, Esteban Mesino
Castillo, Esteban Mesino Martínez, Tomás Millán
Castro, Eleodoro Mondragón Medina, Josefina Morales Campos, Flavio Morales
Gervasio, Laurencio Morales González, Francisco
Moreno Galvez, Laurencio Moreno González, Olegario Moreno Pérez, Miguel
Muñoz Serna, N' Isabel, N' Laura, N' Marisela, Obdulio
Nava Fierro, Emilio Navarrete Fierro, De La Paz Navarrete Hernández, Jacinto
Noriega Tabares see Nicolás Tabares Noriega, Ubaldo
Ochoa See Ubaldo Ochoa Morales, José Olea Peñaloza, Adauta Olea Radilla
(Ascención), Ramón Onísimo Uriostegui, Guadalupe
Ortíz Arreola, Constantino Pablete García, Gerónimo Parra Flores, Gaspar
Pastrana Gallardo, Aída Patiño Benítez See Aída
Bracamontes Patiño, Ramón Patiño Iturio, Eusebio Peñaloza Silva, Candelario
Peralta Ríos, Andrés Pérez Fierro, José Pérez González,
Pedro Pineda Flores, ReynaldoCamerino Pino Ríos, Servando Pino Ríos, Sabino
Praga Ponce, Petronilo Radilla Cabañas See Radilla
Gómez Petronilo, Edwing Ramírez De La Cruz, Gregorio Ramírez Flores,
Guadalupe Ramírez García, Mario Ramírez Hernández, María
by Jesús Ramírez, Marcos Ramos Ocampo, Alberto Rangel De Alva, Natividad
Rebolledo Ocampo, Florentino Regino Benigno, Miguel
Regino Benigno, Miguel Regino De La Luz, Pablo Rentería Liborio, Aristeo
Reséndiz Hernández, Eugenio Reséndiz Hernández, Eva
Reséndiz Hernández, Aristeo Reséndiz Salmerón, Juan Reséndiz Valente, María
Reyes Castro, José Ríos, Natividad Rodríguez
Hernández, Chano Rojas [Donaciano?], Miguel Romero Cárdenas, Félix Romero
Loeza, Emilio Romero Mejia, Emilia Romero Olea,
Félix Romero Loeza Apparently he is the same person as Félix Romero Loeza,
reported as:, Gilberto Romero Vázquez, Ernesto
Rosario, Paco Said Blanco, José Salgado Martínez, Tomás Salinas Rodríguez,
Pedro Salome Mesino, Trinidad Sánchez Adame, Ezequiel
Sánchez Barrera, Ezequiel Sánchez Barrera, Mario Sánchez Bello, Mario Sánchez
Bello, Celso Sánchez, Tomás Sánchez, Héctor David
Sandoval, José Gerardo Santiago Hernández, Joel Santiago, Antonia Santiz
Méndez, Paulino Segura, Leonardo Serafín Cruz, Aquilino
Serrano Vargas, Elias Fidel Serrano, Gonzalo Soberanes, Crescencio Soledo
Luna, Magdaleno Sorcia M, Mauro Sorcia Téllez, Agustín
Sosa Bello, Santos Soto Aquino, Nicolás Tabares Jacinto, Reynaldo Terán Urioste,
Evaristo Terrones Ramírez, Lauro Terrones Ramírez,
Lázaro Terrones Ramírez, Margarito Texta See Margario Roque Texta, María
Texta, Joaquín Torres Adame, Teresa Torres De la
Mena, Román Torres, Domingo Tranquilino, Alejuandro Urioste, Felipe Uriostegui,
Ángel Valdovinos Garza, Mario Heriberto
Valdovinos, Félix Valle Bello, Leonardo Luis Valles Zamora, Abel Vargas Peña,
CarmenCarmela Vargas Pérez, Simón Vargas, Genaro
Vázquez López, Bonifacio Vélez, Husband of Mrs. Vences, Epifanio Verdún
Carbajal, Epifanio Verrún Torres, Delfino Vicario Flores,
Artemio Villa Chavez, Gerardo Villegas Tavares or (Tabares), Rosario Villegas,
Avelino Yánez Ponciano see: Avelino Llanes
Ponciano, Santana Yañez Noriega, Jesús Zacarías Tavares, Fidencio Zamano
Bello, Rosendo Zambrano Bello, Cesáreo Zambrano Castro,
Fidencia Zamora Bello, María Engracia Zamora Díaz.
8.3. Massacres
This crime occurs when the State bodies empowered to exercise
public force, be it the army or police corporations, please a group of
civilians indiscriminately, causing deaths and injuries; or, when said
forces carry out collective extrajudicial executions.
In International Human Rights Law and International Law
Humanitarian, the indiscriminate attack on the
civil population.
8.3.1. Colophon of escalation, one more degree, the use of force
In the body of research presented here, there are references to different
massacres that occur associated with the criminalization of the victim and impunity.
To the detriment of the IPN in March 1942
In the general framing chapter there is the reference to the 'brawl' that occurred in
the
with the IPN strike in March 1942, which was a repression by the police, in which
the
Police blocked the way for students heading to the main square in protest and shot
25
over the crowd. A waitress and 20 students were left lying in the street. The next
day
The newspapers report the death of 4 students, including Socorro Acosta,
murdered
with axes by the fire department and report that the bodies have been hidden.
Offending the 'Henriquistas' in July 1952
The repression carried out on 07/52/07 by Miguel Alemán's government in full
Alameda in Mexico City was accompanied by a massacre of followers of the
opposition candidate for the Presidency of the Republic, General Miguel Henríquez
Guzman. The person responsible for said operation, General Raúl Caballero
Aburto, was
awarded with the governorship of the State of Guerrero by Adolfo Ruiz Cortines,
beneficiary
straight from that massacre.
To the detriment of the railroad workers in June 1958
The protests that arose in June and July 1958 with the movement
railway workers were accompanied by repression. On 08/58/04, the army occupied
the
telegraph offices. On 08/58/07 the assembly of 3,000 railroad workers paid tribute
to
three union members who were killed during the repression due to the strike.
To the detriment of the oil workers' union in August 1958
On 08/58/26 the Ruiz Cortines government attacks the Workers Union
Oil workers of the Mexican Republic who were on a peaceful hunger strike.
They fired more than 60 projectiles inside the building located on the corner of
Juárez Street
with Iturbide and about 15 projectiles in the street, causing panic
of a stampede. Thirty injured workers were taken to the Central Clinic of the
personnel, semi-asphyxiated. This attack by the police caused all the oil tankers to
They will unify and radicalize.
To the detriment of the teachers' movement in September 1958
On 09/58/02 the repression was directed towards the teaching profession. Othón
Salazar was arrested,
The grenadiers broke up the demonstrations with tear gas and more were
registered
100 injured and numerous detained. General Miguel Molinar Simondi was in
charge
of savage repression by the police, which was supported by the army. HE
Tear gas was used, protesters were attacked and arrests were made.
Among the injured were numerous people passing through the busy streets of the
city center.
To the detriment of the railroad workers in 1959
In 1959 the most vigorous demonstrations were recorded; However the
Official authoritarianism opted, once again, for repression. Leaders, like Demetrius
Vallejo, were arrested, the workers were dismissed, imprisoned, brutally tortured
and
others, like Germán Guerra, were murdered.
To the detriment of the Guerrerense Civic Association and the population in 1960
In the state of Guerrero, on December 30, 1960, the governor ordered
intervene with the army against the population that gathered to demand his
resignation in 26
Chilpancingo. Soldiers of the 24th Infantry Battalion fired into the crowd
of protesters leaving an official death toll of 15 and dozens injured.
To the detriment of Rubén Jaramillo and his family in 1962
On May 23, 1962, Rubén Jaramillo was executed by the army along with his
wife who was pregnant and their three children in Xochicalco, Morelos.
19

To the detriment of the Guerrerense Civic Association and the population in 1962
and 1963
Given the electoral fraud that was implemented against the Civic Association
Guerrerense in the elections at the end of 1962 to elect governor, representatives
of the
Congress and municipal authorities, the people protest. On 62/12/30, On 30
December 1962, a group of militants carrying out a 'civic parade' in front of the
municipal palace, was surrounded by the police and the army, who after a
provocation
They repressed the population, leaving 7 dead, 23 injured and 280 detained.
20
The 1st
April 1963, PRI candidates take office amid bayonets and protests. Between
March and April, the army is in charge of widespread repression in the state 'to
restore order'. “The arrests, torture and gunshot wounds by the forces of the
order multiply throughout the state. In Chilapa, in San Luis Acatlán and on the
Coast
Large prisons are full of defendants. [...]In 'Contepec Costales', 'San
Luis Acatlán' and 'La Barra' on the Costa Chica the army, with military vehicles,
destroyed
more than 400 homes that were later burned by the troops to serve as
teach the population a lesson and not 'play against the government' again. More
than two thousand left
families in absolute helplessness.” (Political Magazine; 63. Gómezjara; 1979, 291)
Between March and
April, the army applied the scorched earth practice in several places, in 'la
Gusanera' [today
Santa Rosa], in 'Papanoa', and in 'Santa Lucía' by Tecpan de Galeana. On July 31,
1963 “for 10 hours the inhabitants of the town of El Pacífico, in Costa Chica, were
victims of a barbaric punitive action by police and military forces that executed 7
peasants, injured many others, raped women and, after looting it, set fire
the town before leaving.” (Political Magazine; 63. Gómezjara; 1979, 293) To such a
degree of extreme
sevicia was reached, that the army detained a coffee leader from the community of
El

19
Rubén Jaramillo participated from the age of 14 in the Mexican Revolution on the
Zapatista side under the command
by Dolores Oliván. In 1938 he was one of the founders of the Cooperativa del
Ingenio de Zacatepec during the
period of Lázaro Cárdenas and stood out as a peasant leader. When the
Zacatepec Mill was
under control outside the cooperative, and subject to Mexican political caciquism, it
exhausted the roads without success
legal measures to resolve the corruption problems that were generated, affecting
workers and peasants. After
growing harassment by the police and white guards, he took up arms on February
21, 1943. To the
Shortly after, the federal government offered him amnesty and to meet his
demands, so he laid down his arms. He
On July 10, 1943, he had to return to hiding, once again harassed by the state
government. In
October he made his cause public with the Cerro Prieto Plan and had some
confrontations with the army.
Once again the federal government offered him guarantees and safe conduct so
that he could lay down his arms. He went to the
political struggle. He promoted the Morelense Agrarian Workers Party PAOM and
launched himself on two occasions as
candidate for governor of the state, but lost in both against the PRI candidates. On
July 16,
1958 was amnestied. On May 23, 1962, he was murdered by the army, along with
Epifanía, his wife who
She was pregnant, and her sons Enrique, Filemón and Ricardo, at the foot of the
Xochicalco pyramid. About,
consult: Ravelo Lecuona, Renato (coord.). Memoirs of a guerrilla. Mexico, Rizoma,
2002.
20
DFS 100- 10-16 L 1H 286. “Witnesses to the massacre report that the army and
the judicial police,
after surrounding the square where the people were gathered raising their protest
against the abuses
officers, discharge their weapons indiscriminately against the residents. The dead,
the beaten and the
imprisoned greatly exceed the official figures.” (Gómezjara, 1979: 290). 27
Ticuí tore off his testicles and tongue and killed him by cutting his body open.
(Magazine
Policy; 1963, 28. Bartra; 2000, 99) On 08/67/20 the massacre of the copper
workers in Acapulco takes place.
When wanting to democratize their organization, the dissident group is attacked by
police
judicial officers, white guards and gunmen who were barricaded in the building of
the
organization. The toll was 40 dead and hundreds injured.
21
According to other sources, the
The figure is 23 people dead and 37 injured.
22
To the detriment of the student movement of Sonora in February 1967
The repression of this movement caused at least 29 injuries during the
student conflict in Sonora, which was harshly repressed on February 26, 1967, in
the
city of Hermosillo.
To the detriment of the students of the Benito Juárez University in Tabasco in 1968
At the Benito Juárez University, in Villahermosa, Tabasco, the student strike is
repressed on 07/68/29. A group of students were machine-gunned by officials of
the
state.
23
5 dead, hundreds injured and detained and also missing are reported.
24

Against the student movement of 1968

The massacre of October 2, 1968, has perhaps been the most emblematic, without
However, it was a continuous repression from the beginning of the problem that
arose
student movement. After the mobilization of July 26, 1968, a
first toll of 7 dead, 500 injured, 5 shocked and more than 200 arrested.
25
The 31
July, when the army occupied the National Preparatory School, more than
400 injured and 1,000 missing (Zermeño 1978, 13) who were later
reappearing. On September 21, 68 at 11:30 p.m., 9 police patrols
preventive measures in Mexico City, they machine-gunned the facilities for 9
minutes
of Voca 7, leaving a balance of 2 students dead and 9 wounded by gunshots. The
victims
They were taken from the campus by grenadiers, who prevented the intervention of
the Cross
Red. On September 23 the army takes the Casco de Santo Tomás and on the 24th
Zacatenco.
Three people were killed, 32 injured and 250 arrested. On October 2 the massacre
has been quantified with different figures due to the destruction of the files that give
account of what happened. There are more than 40 dead although there is talk of
'hundreds'. HE
They register 1043 detainees and one hundred injured. The number of injuries
increases exponentially in
the testimonies.

21
Official letter 12228 of 09/67/14 from Brigadier General Salvador Del Toro, Cmte.
from the 27th ZM to the Srio de la
MGB (75/ 230/ 48)
22
(Armed Movements; 1994, 42) there were 23 deaths.
23
IPS 2974.
35
“The students of Tabasco respectfully invite all the inhabitants of the city to meet
today at
8 at night in Parque Juárez in order to organize a protest demonstration, totally
silent, like
claim to the wave of terror unleashed by the authorities since early today, leaving a
balance of 5
dead, hundreds injured and an incalculable number of students detained and
missing.- Signature:
University Student Federation. (DFS 100-25-1-68/ L 5/ F 77)
25
DFS 11-4-68 L 25 H 279. 28
In grievance of the students in July 1971
To the detriment of those who organize to dissent from public power
State crime, as a way of doing politics, means that the practice of
indiscriminately attack the population that organizes to dissent, regardless of what
There are deaths and injuries. The facts presented here are only references to the
text of the
Report. Unfortunately, this is a very widespread practice, the more so the better.
can be hidden, as is the case of the repression of peasant, indigenous and
workers, when they do not have an organic link with more visible organizations.
Relatively recent events show that this practice continued to be committed. In
Guerrero, for example, in Aguas Blancas and in El Charco; in Chiapas, for
example, in
Ocosingo and El Bosque.
8.3.2. Crime that is associated with the criminalization of the victim and the
impunity
Unfortunately, the Mexican State has periodically resorted to this practice
with the aim of annihilating the dissident and his power of convocation in society.
This
practice has been associated, generally with two others that serve the same
purpose:
criminalize the victim and ensure impunity for the aggressor. In this way, in addition
to
the population is the victim of the aggression, is held responsible for the events
and
persecuted The impunity that is ensured in all these cases is that of the high
State officials who are the architects of these crimes. When the operators do not
manage to escape the ministerial investigation, they are usually assured
preferential treatment,
short punishments and sentence reduction benefits.

8.4. Extrajudicial executions

This crime is configured when any of the following circumstances occur:
When the public force kills one or more people in an evident excess of use of
force; when after subjugation, the detainee dies at the hands of the authority;
when a detained person is not placed at the disposal of the competent authority
and
his body later appears; when there is evidence that someone was killed
by the authority, in the exercise of its powers, without any reason for excessive use
of strength.
Extrajudicial executions during the period investigated were practice
widespread by police and military, as a mechanism of intimidation to
members of the groups to which the victim belonged. In the case of José Ignacio
Olivares
Torres, after being executed, his body was torn apart before being dumped in the
street,
as a message to his friends and fellow fighters.
26
The records and

26
José Ignacio Olivares Torres was arrested in early 1974, according to official
documentation (DFS 11-
235-74 L 6 H 35) in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, together with Salvador Corral García, both
from the Political Bureau of the
Address of this LC23S. Both were questioned by DFS. The body of José Ignacio
was deposited
clandestinely with severe traces of torture in Col. Guadalajara poplars. It is known
that they participated
members of the DFS in this crime. A document that lies, deliberately, (DFS 11-235
L 27 H 136-29
Existing documentation indicates that the highest government authorities of the
country
They were informed about these crimes. The extrajudicial executions committed by
security forces were, in most cases, preceded by interrogations under
torture. Cases of people who died in torture sessions are included as
executions.
For the purposes of this Report, all cases in which
The authorities had a detainee, legally or illegally, and he appears dead.
8.4.1. Execution as a way to get rid of social fighters
We do not have records of the political police that report on the
extrajudicial executions that they carried out, nor are there reports about the way in
which
They 'sowed' or dismantled, 'threw' the corpses. When referring to these facts, the
Reports report 'deaths in confrontation' or the 'finding' of the body.
In November 1969, the first case of extrajudicial execution by
reason to feed Genaro. This is the case of Alejandro Simbras. They also appear
the first reports mentioning the army's alliance with drug traffickers in
against the guerrilla.

On March 11, 1981, union leader Arnulfo Córdova Luster was arrested in the
State of Querétaro, by the State Judicial Police. In the research carried out by the
CNDH, notes a document dated July 10, written by a DFS agent in
the State, which states that
“interviewed Mr. Roberto Hernán Martínez Cortés [...] in relation to his arrest in
San Juan del Río, Querétaro, on March 11 of the current year, stated that indeed
He was arrested by elements of the Judicial Police of the state of Querétaro in the
company of 144
workers, but that their detention was unjustified [...]
found there were forcibly put into trucks, with the exception of Arnulfo
Córdova Luster and Luis Carlos Loya Núñez (a) 'El Chihuahua', who were put on a
recent model car, without license plates, by the Judicial Police agent
of the state of Querétaro, commissioned in San Juan del Río [...], which the group
then
He was taken to a corralón that is located next to the offices of the State Judicial
Police,
San Juan del Río and the two mentioned above stayed in its offices.
corporation".
According to an official letter dated August 26, 1981, written by an employee of the
Department of Information and Local Research of the DFS, reports in relation to
the
'finding' of Córdova Luster's body.
“Today, the place where the body of the person who was alive was abandoned.
It was named after Arnulfo Córdova Lustre, member of the Mexican Communist
Party; by
the Commander of the Judicial Police of the state of Querétaro, commissioner in
San Juan del
Río, Querétaro, [...], and the Agents of the same Corporation, [...]. Colonel's Driver
Artillery [...], Director of the Judicial Police of the state of Querétaro and [...]
commissioner in the
Agency of the Public Ministry of the common jurisdiction in San Juan del Río,
Querétaro, these two
148) reports that he was found dead in Cd. from Guadalajara, Jal. His corpse had
the bones
destroyed, nails in the knees, in the shoulders” (Ramírez La Jornada, Masiosare
327, 2004)30
last detainees in this DFS, for the corresponding investigation. Arnulfo's body
Córdova Luster, was thrown by those already mentioned at kilometer 104.5 of the
Querétaro-Mexico Highway, in one of the 2.5 meter deep holes covered
by branches that serve as drainage and that cross the highway in
mention […]”
27
8.4.2. The acquiescence of the authorities
At the end of August, from the town of Tlaxcalixtlahuaca, Francisco
Espinobarrios sent a letter to the Secretary of National Defense, informing him
about
the murder of Irineo Juárez Castro, who was savagely beaten by the army on 70/
08/ 05. According to his story, they broke his leg and arm and after they beat him
They threw him from a jump into a pool of water. His corpse was desecrated, he
was gutted,
They cut off his testicles and put them in his mouth.
28

In relation to this complaint, General Bracamontes argues on 70/09/08

that
29
During Operation Friendship, “the individual Francisco was searched by the
troops.
Espinobarrios for being an unconditional supporter of the criminal and fugitive
Genaro Vázquez Rojas.
He has done proselytizing work in favor of the aforementioned criminal, in whose
company he has
extorted and threatened farmers in the region. By credible testimonies
"He found that he is a subversive agitator contrary to the country's government
policy."
Francisco Espinobarrios was detained by the army in the countryside when he was
accompanied by his wife. She was forced to go to town while the soldiers took her
They took them to Cerro de la Ardilla. There he was forced to dig his own grave,
then
They broke his neck and buried him. The townspeople went looking for him and
three days later they found him.
and they took him to the town to be buried in the cemetery. According to
documentation found in the archives of the Ministry of Defense, had
knowledge of the complaints
30
and from these facts
31
the Gen. of brigade M. Bracamontes –
commander of the 27th ZM-, the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense and the
Secretary.
8.4.3. State complicity
We find that a corporal kills a student who makes a pint;
32
an agent of
Transit executes an unarmed student with three shots at point-blank range in broad
daylight.
33

27
CNDH/PDS/90/Qr./C00094.000
28
Letter with received number 54399 of 08/70/24 (SDN 93/ 278/ 148).
29
Confidential document 2973 70/ 09/ 08 (SDN 77/ 232/ 133)
30
Cipher of 70/ 07/ 17 (SDN 93/ 278/ 116); Telegram 40480 of 09/70/02 in relation to
letter received
52077 (SDN 77/ 232/ 136) and Information Card from the Head of the S-1 GB
Arturo López Flores to the Edo. Elderly
68/ 05/ 21; Confidential Official Letter 2969 of 09/70/08 (SDN 77/ 232/ 133);
Confidential document 2973 70/ 09/
08(SDN 77/ 232/ 133); Confidential document 2971 of 09/70/08 (SDN 77/ 232/
135); Job no. 37479
sent August 15, 1970 (SDN 93/ 278/ 129).
31
Registered letter no. 13914 of August 11 of that year (SDN 93/ 278/ 154); Letter of
August 15, 1970
(SDN 93/ 278/ 14); Letter no. 5439 of August 26, 1970 (SDN 93/ 278/ 147); Letter
with the number of
received 54399 of 08/70/24 (SDN 93/ 278/ 148);
32
The first-year student of the UNAM Faculty of Medicine, Luis González Sánchez,
murdered on
68/ 11/ 17. “The corporal of the Motorized Battalion of the D. Police Headquarters.
F., Julio Martínez Jiménez, killed
shot in the back, today at 1:00 am to the first year student of the Faculty of
Medicine of the 31st
The complicity of the State with these crimes and the protection it provides to those
who commit them
committed is not explained except by the sole fact that they were committed by
people of the
regime, against the persecuted national group.
On 10/69/21, student Miguel Parra Simpson was murdered. One day later,
Juan Sánchez Moreno, appeared before the Attorney General's Office of the
Federal District,
turning himself in as responsible for the death of the student. In his statement, he
argued
belong to the group led by Sergio Romero Ramírez, 'el Fish', who had
advised to appear to testify, who was immediately called to testify.
The DFS document of the 22nd refers to the process:
“In his handwritten statement he acknowledged that Sánchez Moreno belonged to
his
group and that he had sent him to distribute propaganda that had been prepared
by the
Sergio Romero himself, who after the incident in which Parra Simpson was killed,
he
He advised Sánchez Moreno to surrender to the police. Furthermore, he committed
to
present eyewitnesses of the events, who would serve to round out the
investigation.
Due to the above and in addition to the fact that the Head of the Department of the
Federal District, asked the
Attorney that Romero Ramírez and his group be released on the grounds that they
had
participated on several occasions against the student movement, said
petition.
34
On 01/76/13, according to a complaint filed by the authorities and people of
Tolchistlahuaca before the Secretary of National Defense General H. Cuenca Díaz,
the
military party established in Quechultenango entered their town and, without a
search warrant,
searched the houses, gathered the people on the field and took three people to
a stranger. These people responded to the names of Alfonso Benítez Rosales,
Librado
Florencio Lázaro, and Antípetro Gervacio Sánchez. The next day, the same
soldiers
They came to give notice that people were dead among the towns of Tlixtlahuaca
and El Naranjo 75/ 12/ . They ask that those responsible be investigated and
punished.”
35
It is, for
the exposed data, of extrajudicial executions by the Mexican Army.
8.4.4. Magnitude of the problem
This way of settling social conflicts, and even resolving enmities
personal through extrajudicial executions, was a common practice both at the level
of
the federation, as well as the state governments.
In Guerrero, for example, the police commanders that the government had
State were known for their cruelty and the number of deaths they 'due'. There is
the

UNAM, Luis González Sánchez. “The patrol that the aforementioned corporal is
part of was traveling near the corner
of Bolívar and Peón Contreras, Col. Portales, when he saw a group of six or seven
young people making a “pint”
in a wall. He approached to stop them or scare them away. The young people fled
and the corporal shot, wounding
“deadly to González Sánchez.” Letter addressed to the CAP. FERNANDO
GUTIERREZ BARRIOS,
FEDERAL SECURITY DIRECTOR. DFS 11-4-68/ L58/ F142
33
On 11/68/22, the student Jesús Bucio Ramírez was murdered in the streets of
Oaxaca and Nuevo León, by
Sergeant José Jaramillo Yáñez, 'who was on duty on that cruise ship.' “The injured
student was
transferred to Dalinde Hospital where three gunshot wounds were seen, one in the
head and two in the
chest, dying as a result of the wounds received” DFS11-4-68/ L57/ F211
34
DFS 11-4-69 L 97 H 132
35
Letter from authorities and people of Tolchistlahuaca, jurisdiction of
Quechultenango,
addressed to Cuenca Díaz dated 76/02/01. In (SDN 433/ 1439/ 34) 32
list of 28 murders that Governor Caballero Aburto was accused of committing and
subsequently throwing their bodies into wells, rivers, streams and private
cemeteries.
36
 He
Commander of the State Judicial Police was Francisco Bravo Delgado, alias 'La
Guitar'.
37
This commander was also acting on his own. In 1962 he shot dead
two young people when they were heading to one of the ACG meetings in San
Jerónimo – one of
They were the son of Roberto Olea and another son of Ignacio Rivera. This
character is
They attribute the number of deaths that he executed in the place known as La
Trozadura,
where people appeared hanging in the parotas. According to Miranda (Miranda;
2004),
During this period the first disappearances and murders occurred. They took some
to the Meléndez Well, near Taxco Viejo, and there they were thrown; others
appeared dead
run over by the wheels of the jeeps that La Montada used. When it was known
about the
arrest of some people, they quickly organized themselves to go wait for the police
before they
arrived at the Meléndez Well to snatch the detainee from him.
Before the counterinsurgency period, it was a practice that did not necessarily
It had connotations of political persecution. In the SEDENA archives there is a
veritable multitude of reports of executions that the army simply reports to
consequence of 'repelling aggression'. Euphemistic term that, in practice, freed
them
of any investigation regarding the case. Note was taken but no follow-up was done.
veritable group of cases, because they had little reference to the subject of
investigation
related to the 'dirty war'.
During the period analyzed and in relation to the armed groups analyzed
In this Report, extrajudicial executions were carried out, mainly by the
DFS in torture, and were reported dead in the operation, before being arrested.
There are well-founded suspicions that, if not all, the vast majority of
Disappeared detainees were extrajudicially executed by the army.
8.4.5. People extrajudicially executed
In relation to extrajudicial executions related to the subject of the Report
We have an incomplete relationship with the names of the following people:
Alapizco Lizárraga José Manuel, extrajudicially executed on 08/77/19 in Sinaloa;
Alvarado Barrera
Pablo, extrajudicially executed on 12/71/04 in the Federal District; Álvarez Jacobo,
Eleazar, executed
extrajudicially on 04/73/24 in Guerrero; Álvarez Ocampo, Santos Fam 'Santín',
executed
extrajudicially on 04/73/24 in Guerrero; Angulo Luken Leopoldo, extrajudicially
executed on 81/
09/29 in Federal District; Arrieta Campos, Alberto, extrajudicially executed on
10/60/20 in Guerrero;
Arzate, Bonifacio, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; Arzate, Efrén,
executed
extrajudicially on 60/10/20 in Guerrero; Arzate, Juan, extrajudicially executed on
10/60/20 in
Warrior; Barrientos, Anselmo, extrajudicially executed on 11/73/18 in Guerrero;
Benitez Rosales,
Alfonso, extrajudicially executed on 01/76/13 in Guerrero; Berrán, Epifanio,
executed
extrajudicially on 74/07/- in Guerrero; Betancourt, Ángel, extrajudicially executed
on 10/60/20 in

36
(according to the deposed President Mpal of Acapulco Jorge Joseph Piedra
journalistic note of 60/10/20
Universal Correspondents, CU, 1994:12): Arreta Campos, Alberto; Arzate N,
Bonifacio; Arzate N, Juan;
Arzate N. Efren; Betancourt N. Angel; Busts N. Pedro; Clemente Romero, Rosalío;
Echeverría N, Cándido;
Flores N, Miguel; Gallardo Sorry, Fermín; García N, Carlos; Juárez García,
Celedonio; Lara Solorio Luis;
Mendoza N, María - who defended herself from being raped by the head of the
PJE, Bravo N, Francisco (a) 'La
Guitar'-; Mota N, Delfino; Navarrete N, Atilano; Navarrete N, Ventura; Ocampo N, J.
Nativity; Olascoaga
N, David; Paredes Flores, Victor; Rosales N, Marcelino; Rosas N, Honorio;
Ruperto Meléndez, Juan; Sanchez
N, Alfonso; Serafin N, Pedro; Torres N, Gregorio; Valenzuela N, Carlos; Valle, NN
(a) 'El Indio'
37
Testimony of Manuel Chávez Rodríguez, 01/04/16 in San Jerónimo. 33
Warrior; Bustos, Pedro, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; Cabins,
Salomé, executed
extrajudicially on 06/72/25 in Guerrero; Carbajal, José, extrajudicially executed on
06/72/25 in
Warrior; Carbajal, Leonardo, extrajudicially executed on 06/72/25 in Guerrero;
Castro Hernandez,
Pablo, extrajudicially executed on 04/74/ - in Guerrero; Clemente Romero, Rosalío,
executed
extrajudicially on 60/10/20 in Guerrero; Cordova Luster Arnulfo, extrajudicially
executed on 81/03/
24 in Querétaro; Cortés Bustos, Pedro, extrajudicially executed on 04/66/26 in
Guerrero; Cortes, Pedro,
extrajudicially executed on 07/78/10 in Guerrero; Corral García, Salvador,
extrajudicially executed
on 04/74/02 in the Federal District. Although his body was left in Monterrey;
Dorantes Azanza, Rodrigo,
extrajudicially executed on 08/76/08 in Guerrero; Echeverría, Cándido,
extrajudicially executed on
60/ 10/ 20 in Guerrero; Espinobarros Herrera, Antonio, extrajudicially executed on
70/09/- in Guerrero;
Florencio Lázaro, Librado, extrajudicially executed on 01/76/13 in Guerrero; Flores
Radilla, Antonio (a)
'El Güero Flores', extrajudicially executed in 1974 in Guerrero; Flores Vázquez,
Eliseo, executed
extrajudicially on 09/74/- in Guerrero; Flores, Miguel, extrajudicially executed on
10/60/20 in
Warrior; Galarza Antúnez, Juan, extrajudicially executed on 69/05/- in Guerrero;
Gallardo Sorry,
Fermín, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; García Cabañas, Miguel,
executed
extrajudicially on 11/68/06 in Guerrero; García, Carlos, extrajudicially executed on
10/60/20 in
Warrior; Garibo, Guadalupe, extrajudicially executed on 04/71/30 in Guerrero;
Gervasio Sánchez,
Antípetro, extrajudicially executed on 01/76/13 in Guerrero; Helguera Jiménez,
Pedro (a) 'Filogonio',
'Orestes', extrajudicially executed on 04/85/01 in Guerrero; Hernández Hinojosa,
Francisco, executed
extrajudicially in 1969 in Guerrero; Hernández Hinojosa, Julio, extrajudicially
executed on 70/05/
18 in Guerrero; Hernández Ríos, Josafat, extrajudicially executed on 05/70/15 in
Guerrero; Hernandez,
Julio, extrajudicially executed on 04/71/11 and 06/72/25 in Guerrero; Javier, 'N',
executed
extrajudicially in 1973 in Guerrero; Juárez Castro, Irineo, extrajudicially executed
on 08/70/05 in
Warrior; Juárez García, Celedonio, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in
Guerrero; Lara Solorio,
Luis, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; Lucero Martínez Diego,
executed
extrajudicially on 01/72/15 in Chihuahua; Martínez Emigdio, extrajudicially
executed on 10/73/20
in Federal District; Martínez Cabañas, Aurelio (a) 'Cornelio', extrajudicially
executed on 11/74/14 in
Warrior; Martínez Díaz, Jerónimo (a) 'David', extrajudicially executed in 1978 in
Guerrero; Mendoza,
María, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; Morón Chiclayo Pedro
Miguel, executed
extrajudicially on 05/74/23 in the Federal District; Mota, Delfino, extrajudicially
executed on 60/10/20
in Guerrero; Navarrete, Atilano, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero;
Navarrete, Ventura,
extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; Ocampo, J Natividad,
extrajudicially executed on
60/ 10/ 20 in Guerrero; Olascoaga, David, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in
Guerrero; Olea,
Roberto -The son of-, extrajudicially executed in 1963 in Guerrero; Olivares Torres
José Ignacio,
extrajudicially executed on 02/74/02 in Guadalajara; Onofre Reyna, Miguel (†),
executed
extrajudicially on 04/72/22 in Guerrero; Orozco Guzmán Pedro, extrajudicially
executed on 73/ 12/
26 in the Federal District; Paredes Flores, Víctor, extrajudicially executed on
10/60/20 in Guerrero; Shepherd
García, Bernardo, (a) 'Francisco', extrajudicially executed in 1983 in Guerrero;
Peñaloza García Felipe,
extrajudicially executed on 06/78/29 or 07/78/28 in the Federal District; Perea
Cipriano, Moisés (a) 'Isaías'
{in the PdlP} or 'Lorenzo' {in the FAR}, extrajudicially executed on 09/74/12 in
Guerrero; pine
Jesús, extrajudicially executed on 08/67/- in Guerrero; Reichel Bauman Paul or
Pablo, executed
extrajudicially on 03/74/18 in the Federal District; Reyes Díaz, Crescencio,
extrajudicially executed on
73/04/24 in Guerrero; Reyes Marín, Benjamín, extrajudicially executed in 1976 or
1977 in Guerrero;
Reyes Vargas, Luis, extrajudicially executed on 04/71/11 and 06/72/25 in Guerrero;
Rivera, Seferino
(a) 'La Placa', extrajudicially executed in 1974 in Guerrero; Rodríguez Gervasio,
Alejandro, executed
extrajudicially on 04/71/30 in Guerrero; Rojas Vargas, Pedro(†), extrajudicially
executed in 1972 or
1973 in Guerrero; Roque Ríos, Margarito, extrajudicially executed on 06/72/26 in
Guerrero; Rosales,
Marcelino, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; Rosas, Honorio,
executed
extrajudicially on 60/10/20 in Guerrero; Ruelas Ciriaco Victoriano, extrajudicially
executed in 1974/
03/13 in Sonora; Ruperto Meléndez, Juan, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in
Guerrero; Salinas
Mora Fernando, extrajudicially executed on 08/73/29 in Guadalajara, Jalisco;
Sánchez García,
Saturnino, extrajudicially executed on 04/73/24 in Guerrero; Sánchez, Alfonso,
executed
extrajudicially on 60/10/20 in Guerrero; Simbras Bernal, Alejandro, extrajudicially
executed in 1969/
11/08 in Guerrero; Torres, Gregorio, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in
Guerrero; Uriostegui
Morales, Antonio, extrajudicially executed on 12/74/05 in Guerrero; Uriostegui
Morales, Miguel,
extrajudicially executed on 12/74/05 in Guerrero; Uriostegui Terán, Reynaldo,
executed 34
extrajudicially on 07/74/01 in Guerrero; Valdez Rodríguez, Margarito, extrajudicially
executed on
73/04/24 in Guerrero; Valenzuela, Carlos, extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in
Guerrero; Valley,
'N', 'N' (a) 'El Indio', extrajudicially executed on 10/60/20 in Guerrero; Vázquez
Rojas, Genaro,
extrajudicially executed on 02/72/02 in Guerrero; Velásquez, Luis, extrajudicially
executed on 72/
06/25 in Guerrero; Ventura, FMA, extrajudicially executed on 09/66/02 in Guerrero;
Figueroa,
Ambrosio, a minor extrajudicially executed by the SF in Guerrero; Figueroa,
Eucaria and Martha, minor
the SF in Guerrero was extrajudicially executed; Martínez Pérez, Jil, minor
extrajudicially executed by the SF
in Guerrero; Ocampo Delgado, Delfino, minor extrajudicially executed on 07/66/27
in Guerrero;
Peralta Rivera, Toribio, minor extrajudicially executed on 10/74/04 in Guerrero;
Ramirez Gomez,
Martín, a minor extrajudicially executed by the SF in Guerrero; Rebollar Gama,
Alejandro, executed minor
extrajudicially on 07/78/13 OR 15 in Guerrero; Solorio, Elvia, minor extrajudicially
executed on 66/
07/27 in Guerrero; Uriostegui Cepeda, Isaías, minor extrajudicially executed on
07/74/01 in Guerrero;
Uriostegui Flores, Efraín, minor extrajudicially executed by the SF in Guerrero.

8.5. Systematic torture with kidnapping of the victim

“The crime of torture is committed by a public servant who, due to his
attributions, inflicts serious pain or suffering on a person, whether physical or
mental
in order to obtain, from the tortured person or a third party, information or a
confession, or
punish her for an act she has committed or is suspected of having committed, or
coerce her to
that carries out or stops carrying out a specific conduct (Federal Law to Prevent
and
punish torture, Article 3). [He] who instigates, compels or authorizes a third party or
uses it to inflict serious pain or suffering on a person, whether physical or
psychics; or fails to prevent the infliction of such pain or suffering on a person who
is
under his custody. [The] third party who, for any purpose, instigated or authorized,
explicitly
or implicitly, by a public servant, inflicts serious pain or suffering, whether physical
or mental health to a detainee (LFPST, Article 5). They will not be considered as
causes
excluding responsibility for the crime of torture that situations are invoked or exist
exceptional circumstances such as internal political instability, urgency in
investigations or
any other circumstance. Nor may the order of a
hierarchical superior or any other authority (LFPPST, Article 6). No confession
or information that has been obtained through torture may be invoked as evidence
(LFPPST, Article 8). The confession made before a court will not have any
probative value.
police authority; nor rendered before the Public Ministry or judicial authority, without
the
presence of the defender or trusted person of the accused and, where appropriate,
the translator
(LFPPST, Article 9). The person responsible for any of the crimes provided for in
this law
will be obliged to cover the expenses of legal advice, medical, funeral,
rehabilitation or
of any other nature, incurred by the victim or his family, such as
consequence of the crime. Likewise, he will be obliged to repair the damage and
compensate for the
damages caused to the victim or his economic dependents, in the following cases:
i.
Loss of life; ii. Health disturbance; iii. Loss of freedom; iv. waste of
economic income; v. Laboral inhability; saw. Loss or damage to property; vii.
Damage to reputation […] The State will be obliged to repair damages and
damages. (LFPPST, Article 10). The server who, in the exercise of his duties,
knows
an act of torture, you are obliged to report it immediately (LFPPST, Article 11).”
In international law, systematic torture is a crime against humanity (UN.
Doc. A/ CONF:183/9) that, in accordance with the Convention on the
Imprescriptibility of
War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity, in force as law 35
international as of November 11, 1970, are not subject to prescription, and fall
under the jurisdiction of the Rome Statute of the ICC.
8.5.1. Judicial complicity
A DFS document refers to the complaint of attorney Lic. Rojas Coronado
assures that, among his clients, is “Luis Tomás Cabeza de Vaca whom
They mercilessly beat 10 agents of the Federal Security Directorate to take him
away.
later, on October 4, to Military Camp Number One, where he continued to be
tortured, since they laid him on a plank, undressed to interrogate him, insisting
to reveal who was contributing money to the student movement; what for
To intimidate him, they told him that they would castrate him, and in fact they
inflicted a wound on his
testicle, on which they poured a cold liquid and at times they sat him on a tray of
water and then tied him to a tree, and on two occasions they simulated his
execution, but
shooting in the air and since he didn't know anything, he couldn't say anything.”
Although the DFS reported the attorney's complaints, he was unable to make the
complaint. According to what the press published, “when wanting to draw up a
report in the First Delegation, the
Agent of the Public Ministry denied his request, arguing that he had instructions
superiors in the sense of not filing any complaint report for the events
students, that is directed against public officials.”
38

The MAR militants spent five years in prison without even being called by a
judge
The example of the MAR militants imprisoned in Lecumberri, who spent the
isolation zone for several years without even having been issued a formal order
prison. It shows how the rights of opponents of the regime were violated. He
Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, in paragraph d)
says:
'the sentences handed down and the executions without prior notice before a court
legitimately
constituted, with guarantees recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples'.
It took five years for the MAR prisoners to be called before a judge, when
provides that an accused must be sentenced a maximum of one year after being
presented before the
judicial authority. The judiciary, in collaboration with the executive branch, is
complicit in
that crimes against humanity and war crimes have been committed
documented in this Report. He abandoned his duty to defend legality, he lent
himself to
consigned under conditions that clearly violated our legal order. The
The trials that were held were a farce, since those convicted were never shown
their
guilt nor their crimes; In many cases, they were not even allowed to provide
evidence
of discharge. It did not matter that many did not have, for years, even the farce of a
judgment. They were condemned in advance, it did not matter whether the crime
was proven.

38
El Universal, 68/ 10/ 06 (Cano; 1998, 256) 36
8.5.2. The invention of tests
Case of Ramón Danzós Palomino
After the student conflict in Sonora, in 1967, Ramón Dazós was arrested
Palomino, leader of the ICC and member of the Mexican Communist Party. You will
They charged the crimes of sedition, riot, conspiracy, injuries and damages. The
three
first to the detriment of the security of the State. The fourth to the detriment of
several people from
Hermosillo and the last one to the detriment of the city council. Already detained,
on May 28, the
First Instance Judge in Navojoa took his preparatory statement.
39
The reason for his arrest was, supposedly, due to his participation in the
conflicts that occurred that same month in Hermosillo, when the local congress
requested
the intervention of the army, which under the command of General. José
Hernández Toledo, evicted the
grounds of the Autonomous University of Sonora.
An official document shows that Ramón Danzós Palomino was persecuted
political. To arrest him and hold him accountable, at least two
projects with false testimonies and witchcraft evidence. The undated document is
titled
'Suggestion for consignment of Ramón Danzós Palomino'. Contains two projects
detention:
"Project 1. (…) “that four elements declare that Ramón Dazós Palomino, here
in Mexico City before leaving for Navajoa and Cd. Obregón told them that the time
had come
to take advantage of the situation that prevails in the State of Sonora, in order to
start
once and for all an armed revolution; that for this he left them 4 weapons of various
calibers. He also gave them instructions to ignore him. that in the
weapons and propaganda about the Sonora case were found in the hotel room.
They are typified
crimes of collection of prohibited weapons, invitation to rebellion, which have
penalties that
exceed 5 years, so the prisoner, if applicable, will not have the right to freedom
provisional.
On the next page of the same document Project 2 is presented: “According to
to the statement given before this office by Ramón Danzós Palomino, in relation to
his
stay and activities in the cities of Navojoa and Cd. Obregón, Son., to be able to
farm
a criminal accusation against him, the following is available. He confesses to
having been in the
mentioned populations, stated that he was addicted to PCM in all, recognized the
content of
various pamphlets on the Marxist-Leninist Movement. To have elements
sufficient on which to support the registration of this individual before the
authorities
judicial proceedings, it is necessary to get 4 or 5 individuals to give statements
imputing
have directly provided them with the reference brochures, in order to be prepared
so that in the immediate future and using weapons, they would start a movement
revolutionary with the aim of overthrowing the established government and
establishing one of type
socialist, emphasizing that, according to Danzós Palomino, it was necessary to
take advantage of the
situation that prevailed in Sonora, to begin the revolution in that entity. At
above it can be added that the same people declare that the aforementioned
Danzós Palomino
He gave them three or four weapons, also ordering them to start
practices".
40

39
DFS 100-24-18-67 L 6 H 361.
40
DFS 100-24-18-67 L 6 H 382 37
Case of El Quemado
A few days before the mass arrests in El Quemado on 72/09/03, Enedino and
Justino Fierro Hernández, were arrested along with 3 other people: Guillermo
Morales
pizza,
41
Eliseo Morales Piza
42
and the minor Clemente Morales Piza.
43
With them, the
The army applied a procedure that would later become recurrent. people are
incriminated
innocent, begins with a home invasion, followed by search, pillage, planting of
evidence, torture, preparation of a statement that incriminates the accused of
crimes of the
that he is innocent, torture to make him sign that statement, presentation of the
detainee with the
signed statement to the agent of the public ministry so that he can submit it to the
judge and pass the
detained at the hands of the 'competent' authority. This procedure was followed at
least
in 90 documented cases of the people of El Quemado.
According to the testimony of Víctor Martínez Vargas: “Enedino lost several
animals, in the search of his house they left him Army plates so they could accuse
him of
He had killed the soldiers. They applied electric touches to 'his parts' where he
They caused sores. They grabbed him between 4 soldiers, the pain was so brutal
that he shook them off.
of desperation and the impact of the current.”
44
 Under torture he accepted the charges
Then he denied it before the Judge in the 1st penalty. of Acapulco, in process
218/72. He left free
four years later, 11/76/06. Two years later a bus arrived in El Quemado at
look for him to take them to Chilpancingo and make the simulation that they would
be released with the
amnesty law 78/10/20.
45
8.5.3. The police torture and murder the detainee, instead of subduing him and
present it to the competent authority
Home invasions were so common that the population became accustomed to
not to report them, nor to consider them a serious crime. In the police reports, in
which
talk of executions or disappearances was systematically avoided, instead
They mention raids as a typical and usual investigation procedure.
The director of the DFS, Javier García Paniagua, reports on what happened on the
19th of
August 1977, at the home of the Alapisco Camacho family, in Culiacán, Sinaloa.
There they went
kidnapped, Professor José Manuel Alapisco Lizárraga, his wife Martha Alicia
Camacho and Josefina Machado Torres: “they proceeded to go to the address
mentioned in

41
Arrested in El Quemado on 09/72/03 by the EM for his alleged participation in the
ambush against the
48°. BI. According to DFS [100-10-16-4-73/ L 7 H 145-165, on 09/72/08 he
accepted the charges before the AMPF, denying
then his guilt on 09/72/12, before the same official. Inmate in prison 1 of Acapulco
process 218/
72. Son of Darío Morales Navarrete. (†) and Faustina Piza V. 7 brothers. Without
studies he was born on 04/49/03
42
Arrested on 09/72/03 by the EM. According to DFS [100-10-16-4-73/ L 7/ fs.145-
165], 10/72/04 was released
disposition of the AMPF for having participated in the ambush of 08/72/23, having
been found
army belongings. Inmate in prison 1 of Acapulco process 218/72. Son of Victorio
Morales and
Fernanda Piza. 7 brothers. 24 years from 52/11/14. AP
43
 DFS 100-10-16-4-72 L 6 H 171, document of September 9, 72. On the 7th of the
current day they were put to
provision of the AMPF. ENEDINO FIERRO HERNÁNDEZ, JUSTINO FIERRO
HERNÁNDEZ,
GUILLERMO MORALES PIZA, PEDRO IGNACIO ZAPATA ANTONIO, URBANO
FIERRO
GALEANA, FRANCISCO MARTÍNEZ AMAYARES and MANUEL MORALES
SALAS. All confessed to
having participated in the ambush of the 48th Battalion.
44
R-3-075.
45
DFS 11-240 L 1 H 232. 38
company of Manríquez Pérez, where Marta Alicia Camacho (a) 'Martha' was
detained,
wife of Professor Alapisco Lizárraga, who lives with Mrs. Josefina Machado Torres
(a) 'chepina', 42 years old. (…) When the reference address was registered, it was
located
propaganda of the aforementioned subversive group (Communist League
September 23) directed at the
Autonomous University of Sinaloa, as well as several copies of the newspaper
Madera and
Marxist-Leninist literature. Police officers were commissioned at the indicated
house.
to wait for the arrival of Professor Alapisco Lizárraga, who at 1:00 a.m. (or 9:00
p.m.)
made an appearance, realizing that those elements were there, so he used the
Colt .45 brand pistol, registration 2639, being shot dead at the scene.”
46
“In the most violent way, a group of approximately 50 individuals
They went into the kitchen of the house, where Mrs. Josefina and I were,
destroying everything in their path, heavily armed (...). They asked who was
Martha?, answering that I was, at that moment, they began to ask me at the same
time
time that long guns were pointed at me than where José Manuel was, to which I
I replied that I didn't know, that I had been out since the morning, and that
therefore, I didn't have the
Little idea of where he was at that moment. This was enough so that, as
impulsively began to beat me mercilessly and then drag me about six
meters, of hair. I asked them to please not hit my belly, to which
They responded that what they wanted was for him to die, especially because that
son, who
He would finally end up as a guerrilla.
“(…) Then, some of them climbed onto the roof, crouching. Others
hid in the patio, among the large number of trees and, others behind the furniture,
of
there in the room. They placed me on the threshold of the main door, while they
They were indicating that at that moment, they were waiting for José Manuel to
ambush him. (…).
Suddenly noises that sounded like gunshots began to be heard. At that moment,
one of the guys pulled me towards him, who was on the ground, and apparently
covering me
from the bullets, they immediately managed to blindfold me and tie my hands, I
They dragged me by my hair towards a van, dragging me to the back of the van.
same, I felt like I fell on someone, my hands fell right on his testicles, thrown into
that moment, this person an ouch! of pain. At that moment, I remembered the voice
of
“Francisco Javier Enríquez Pérez, 18-year-old young man.”
“I closed my eyes tightly as if wanting to escape from reality, I was left
completely paralyzed, I couldn't cry for long, because they started to
hitting me against the walls, while they yelled at me: “Cry, bitch! Look how you
look.”
However, a spirit that came from my body was there, it was there to help me, it
They tied me to the chair, they bandaged my entire body again, taking me to José
Manuel towards the shower…. They pushed José Manuel's body towards the
shower, but
Later he would be exhaling a nauseating smell of blood. As I fell on him, I felt the
viscosity
Cold from his blood, my hands fell on his chest, from which gushes of
blood, while they kicked me, they shouted at me: 'Look how your husband's dog
was left,
worse awaits you and the monster you wait for.' (…) As I heard, they had José
there
Manuel, until he bled completely.”

46
DFS 11-235-77 L 46 H 169, 202. 39
8.5.4. Ways of torturing
TO. The Pocito and the table
One of the greatest torments that political detainees went through was the
known as 'the little hole'. Several stories refer to this way of subduing the
detained, placing them on the brink of death from asphyxiation. Complaints about
this practice
They are even found in the statements of detainees.
Enrique Guillermo Pérez Mora
47
was one of those who recorded in a
interrogation, who was subjected to various forms of torture, including the well:
“they gave him
touches, they submerged him in the water and hit him all over his body with their
butts, butts,
federal agents and he cannot say where because they took him out blindfolded.”
48
Benjamín Pérez Aragón, arrested on 11/72/11,
49
refers that: “instead of
put our heads in the 'little hole' that is a water tank, they did it in the
toilets. “The same thing, but in the toilet.” (Poniatowska, 1996, 168)
José Luis Moreno Borbolla,
50
who was detained in CM1 and
Lecumberri, says: “They tied me to a board to put me in a watering hole.”
for horses, the famous 'pocito', combined with electric touches throughout the
body, attacking my testicles and anus, in addition to hitting me with a board
the soles of the feet.”
51
Pablo Gervasio Cabañas
52
He says that he also went through this torture:
“I fainted several times, because that's what I half remember, that's when I
They had from the 18th at night until January 29th, so all that time
There was a moment when I heard the keys and the part of my stomach started
to shake in reaction.
53

47
Pérez Mora, died on 06/76/16, (Aguayo; 2001,18).
48
DFS 11-235-74 L 7 H 175.
49
Pérez Aragón, Benjamín, was arrested on 10/72/20. A formal prison order was
issued on 11/72/11.
Held in Lecumberri Ca. 72 and 73. He was with Ulloa (2004, p. 235) in the
Reclusorio Oriente after 76/
08/ 26. Benefited by the amnesty granted in the López Portillo government to
people accused of:
rebellion, gathering of arms and incitement to rebellion, mutiny, sedition and
conspiracy.
50
He was arrested on 05/75/19, DFS 11-235-75 L 28 F9. Furthermore, Moreno
Borbolla spent days hanging from his
left arm, and consequences of this torture in CM1, it had to be amputated.
51
Testimony of José Luis Moreno Borbolla.
52
Gervasio Cabins, Pablo. (a) Romero Gómez López –DL- Prof. Younger brother of
Lucio Cabañas.
According to MA Acosta Chaparro (1990, 99 and 159), he directed the FRP in
Huatabampo, Sonora, as part of the
PdlP. That Front acted under the name of 'Brigada 10 de Julio. Arrested on January
17, 1972 in
Huatabampo, Sonora along with Guadalupe Cabañas Nava, his cousin, accused of
being part of Brigade 10
of July. In the kidnapping of the British consul, Dr. Anthony Duncan Williams and
the industrialist
Fernando Aranguren Castiello on 10/73/12 (CU, II, 1994, 171) the release of 51
political prisoners was requested
of which he was a part. Released in October 1977. 79, 224
53
Testimony given at the round table In Search of Memory: Testimonies about the
Movements
Weapons from the Seventies, held on 10/03/25, in the Assembly Hall of the
University System
Open, from the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, UNAM. 40
The primary school teacher, Hilda Flores Solís, who was imprisoned
in 1972 in CM1, also refers to having gone through this type of torture: “I
made it ugly: electric touches on my body, they put my head in the tub of
water until I almost drowned.
54
b. Roasted chicken and sexual torture
Sexual torture is one of the most common types of torture by security forces.
security. There were even castrations. One type of these tortures is known as
'Roasted chicken'. Benjamín Pérez Aragón refers to it: “You are kneeling and tied
arms and legs on top of a stick. You yourself have to keep the balance
because they have tied your genitals in such a way that, if you lose your balance,
you lose
other part. After that, blows and even electric shocks to the ears, tongue
-where it bothered me the most was the tongue- in any wound or scar, they were
little
stuff. The worst is the 'rotisserie chicken'.”
55

Dionisio Octaviano Santiago, detained and temporarily disappeared since 1978/

09/30 until 78/11/18, because he belonged to the Poor People's Party, he was
there that time
in the DFS prisons, the Querétaro prison and the clandestine detention center
known as 'El Trenecito', in Acapulco. He suffered various types of torture, almost
always
hooded. “There they had me on a rooftop class, (…) they hung me, they beat me
hanging, they bathed me with ice water because in November there is ice water, I
broke a piece of wood on the bones in the knees, the Tehuacans who did not
were missing, it was practice. The time came when my parts became infected, I
They started giving me pills, they injected me, but the torture continued. One day
an individual arrived
who told me 'I'm going to give you thirty white sheets of paper and two pencils and
write to me in the form
Summarized, your entire criminal life, kidnappings, murders, assaults, safe houses
that
have, types of weapons they carry, money collected all the time, where your
colleagues, nicknames, vehicles, if your statement doesn't convince me, you're
going to eat thirty
leaves'... He didn't like it and I ate the thirty pages and the writings, hey, I drank
them with water, I
I finished all thirty pages. (…) When they introduce me here in Acapulco, Acosta
tells me
Chaparro, 'do you remember that there was a person who told you to answer the
questions soon?
You ask if your mother wasn't going to break all of you. That was me.'”

c. Simulation as a form of torture

Evaristo Castañón Flores was detained by the army along with almost all of his
community on 72/09/05.
56
All the inhabitants of El Quemado [See 9.0.0], were
deceived by the soldiers, who pretexted the taking of a census to
capture them and take them to Atoyac. Castañón Flores was imprisoned for four
years and two months,
54
R-3-202
55
Poniatowska: 1996, 168, 176., refers to a person who was presented to the press
semi-unconscious,
with obvious signs of torture and castration. His name is omitted for humanitarian
reasons.
56
DFS 100-10-16-4-73 L 7 H 145-165. Arrested on 72/09/02. 41
until November 20, 1976.
57
“As the saying goes, he who owes nothing fears nothing, but
Great was our surprise when we arrived at Atoyac, the treatment he began to give
us
Mexican Army, beatings, hangings, something terrible, then they asked us what
where are Cabañas' weapons, how much did Lucio pay them to go kill the soldiers.
There
We realized where the story was going. But which weapons, or which Lucio, we
don't even know.
Don't you know him? Let's see if they don't know him! On the night of the 6th they
told us, we are going
to take them to where they ambushed the Army, bastards, you're going to stay
there. Us
They tied our hands and feet, they tied us to each other and tied us to the leg of
the
bench of the military convoy, as if they were carrying some animals, then
blindfolded and
gagged and orale the truck moved forward, we are going to take them to be shot
wherever
They ambushed the Army and they fled. Arajo, it will be possible, we thought, it will
be possible, no
It may be, because we have not done such a thing. I was bandaged but I saw
underneath and I realized
Keep in mind that we were not heading towards the mountains but towards the
coast and along the Greek Y I saw
when the car took off for Acapulco, but we couldn't even scream or move because
We were completely tied with our hands behind us. Already there at the Foot of the
Cuesta,
He even says 'the ticket is over here, bastards, here you are going to serve as
fodder for the sharks,
They don't want to talk.' They took us out of the truck and made us as if they were
going to hit us.
sea and they told us that the sharks were eating them, so they rocked me like that
between two and when I was in the air I said, My God, where did I end up, and no,
I fell into a
a lot of people, piled up on top of a truck, and they opened until I fell
all the way down, and I said they didn't sink me into the sea, I think that's how they
did it to all of us because
All the classmates talk the same thing that there it was like a simulation that they
were going to kill us.
sink into the sea Who was going to say anything, if they were going to sink me into
the sea they were going to do it.
unfairly because we knew nothing, we had done nothing, well unfairly but
The sharks are going to eat you, bastards.” 58
Hilda Flores Solís, was kidnapped by federal judicial police, who
They got into a vehicle and took her to Acapulco, where they put her in the Air
Base
from Pie de la Cuesta, where they put her on a helicopter, heading to CM1. "I
They threatened to throw me into the sea if I didn't tell them where Lucio Cabañas
was. I
Two police officers grabbed me by the hands and feet and threatened to throw me
into the sea.
through the helicopter door. He heard a police officer tell them: “be careful with her,
because he is a heavy person.” They left her on the floor of the aircraft.
8.5.5 Torture as a form of destruction.
Víctor Martínez Vargas was arrested on 09/72/02,
59
forced through torture
sign a statement, accused by the same authority with false witnesses and
evidence. The
The authority stated that weapons were found on him that were not presented as
evidence.
Through an irregular process, he spent 4 years and 2 months in prison.

57
His arrest was recorded ten days after his arrest, on 09/72/12, recorded by the
District Judge in
Acapulco, DFS 100-10-16-4-73/ L 7 H 145-165.
58
R-3-161
59
DFS 100-10-16-4-72 L 6 H 153 “On the 2nd of the current day in 'El Quemado',
Municipality of Atoyac de Álvarez,
41 elements of the Struggle Commission of the Party of the Poor were detained, by
virtue of having
found in his possession various effects belonging to the troops of the 48th Infantry
Battalion, since they were
They found in their possession various effects that belonged to the massacred
soldiers

electric shocks and then they put me in the water, drowning me, to try to force me
to
sign that he was guilty. (…) We remained for three days and three nights lying in
the
floor, with our beard on the ground, without drinking water, without eating and
without allowing ourselves to move. Us
They hit the sides with the butts of their rifles. The soldier told us that in 15
minutes he returned to have each one tell them the alphabet, and for each letter
that we didn't know,
he gave us a kick. When they testified they were threatened with weapons and
beaten
with them on the sides. General Chagoya alleged that he grabbed them with high-
powered weapons
without showing the weapons because they did not exist.”
60
8.5.6. Magnitude of the problem
There may be a well-founded presumption that torture is taking place when the
detainee - instead
of being placed at the disposal of the competent authority in a timely manner - is
kidnapped and
led to clandestine prisons or military installations for interrogation or not
placed at the disposal of the competent authority within the time provided by law.
When the magnitude of the problem is taken into account based on a well-founded
presumption, the
indication of –PFMT (Presumption founded because the victim was subjected to a
mechanism that was systematically and consistently used to torture the detainee)-
A chain of human rights violations that the police and the army used with the
victims that are documented in this report are the following: Home invasion.
Illegal detention [or legal detention that became illegal by not bringing the detainee
to justice
provision of competent authority. Pillage. Torture, cruel and degrading treatment.
Confinement of the kidnapped in clandestine prisons. Forced disappearance
prolonged –not permanent-. Prevalence of traumatic damage and sequelae.
According to the Inter-American Court (see Decision of 00/11/25), it can be inferred
torture. Thus in Guatemala “It was the practice of the Army to capture guerrillas
and keep them
in clandestine confinement in order to obtain, through physical and psychological
torture
useful information for the Army. These guerrillas were frequently transferred from
one
military detachment to another and, after several months in this situation, they were
used as
guides to determine the places of action of the guerrilla and to identify people who
They had guerrilla militancy. A good part of these detainees were later executed,
which
completed the forced disappearance table (para.121)
The mere fact of putting the detainee at the disposal of repressive bodies that act
within a framework of systematic violation of human rights violates the principle of
prevent torture, even if it has not been practiced on a given person, if this
was the official allegation. “The duty of prevention covers all those measures of a
nature
legal, political, administrative and cultural that promote the safeguarding of human
rights
human rights […]the submission of detainees to official repressive bodies that with
impunity
practice the old way and murder represents, in itself, an infraction of the duty of
prevention of violations of the rights to physical integrity and life, even in the
assuming that a given person has not suffered torture or has not been killed (Court
IDH, Velásquez Rodríguez case, ruling of 88/07/29, para. 175)
Do not omit the historical, institutional, legal and political causes of torture. Yeah
there is tolerance or protection of this practice, the value given to the confession or
the interest of

60
R-3-075 43
obtain the information at all costs, the ineffectiveness of the police investigation by
means
lawful, the conditions of detention, the process followed with the information
obtained by
these media. Reasons for its prevalence and generality of use.
Detainees tortured throughout the country - except those that occurred in the
context of conflicts
students- (2141 cases). In this group, torture is given to obtain information to
eliminate the group.
Suspected tortured per year
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
56 60 61 62 63 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85
sf
year
population
Julio Abarca Alarcón, 74/-/-; Fidel Abarca Barrientos, 09/74/12; Esteban Abarca
Benítez, 10/74/12; Santiago
Abarca Benítez, 09/74/09; Jacinto Abarca Castillo, 10/66/08; Augusto Abarca de
los Santos, 02/76/03;
Andrés Abarca Gallardo, 05/70/01; José Abarca Gallardo, 09/74/-; Marcial Abarca
Gallardo, sf; Emeterio
Abarca García, 09/74/03; Diego Abarca Hernández, sf; Jorge Abarca Málaga,
02/76/03; Patrick Abarca
Martínez, 06/77/20; Santiago Abarca Moreno, sf; José Abarca Pino, 09/72/09;
Aurelio Abarca Radilla,
10/74/01; Florentino Abarca Rosas, 74/09/; Manuel Salvador Abarca Rosas, sf;
Clemente Abarca Solís,
10/74/13; Julián Abarca, 10/74/10; José Abel Ramírez, 71/-/-; Santiago Abrajan
López, 05/78/17; Tayde
Aburto Jorge, 01/69/08; Hilario Acevedo Acuña, 12/76/18; María Esther Acosta
Díaz de Rodríguez,
10/72/25; Juana Acosta Gómez, 74/-/-; Carlos Acosta Martínez, 74/-/-; Victor
Acosta Ramos, 82/-/-; Macarius
Acosta Serafin, 08/74/14; Ma Edith Acosta Silva, 10/66/08; Gregorio Acosta
Valenzuela, 10/66/08; Fernando
Acosta Vera, 09/74/27; Alberto Acosta See Alberto Mesina Acosta, sf; Odilón
Acuña Cornejo, sf; Robert
Acuña Santeliz, 02/74/23; Claudia Margarita Acuña Soto, 09/73/27; José María
Adame Bernal, 71; Reynaldo
Adame Bernal, 09/72/26; Rafael Adame Castrejón, 12/62/30; Martín Adame de
Jesús, 05/74/10; Rupert
Adame de Jesús, 05/74/10; Vicente Adame de Jesús, 05/74/10; Samuel Adame
Flores, 05/69/17; Ernestina
Adame Gervasio, 76/-/-; Flavio Adame Gervasio, 76/-/-; Margarito Adame
Gervasio, 76/-/-; Santiago Adame
González, 10/71/27; Pedro Adame Ramírez, 11/73/18; MaElena Adame Rangel,
01/63/26; Ernesto Adame,
71; Luis Aguilar Arias, 07/77/29; Marcos Aguilar Benítez, sf; Ismael Aguilar Cruz,
01/63/26; Alexander
Aguilar Razo, 10/66/08; Carlos Aguilar Ruiz, 07/60/31; Rafael Aguilar Talamantes,
10/66/08; Wilfredo
Aguilar Trinidad, 10/66/08; Margarita Aguilar Villa, 04/79/09; Roberto Aguirre
Bertín, 74/10/-; Raphael
Aguirre García, 04/78/15; Pedro Aguirre López, 74/11; Alfonso Aguirre Padilla,
10/66/08; Juan Manuel
Aguirre Padilla, 10/66/08; Jorge Aguirre Villanueva, 10/66/08; Jesús Ahoero
Méndez, 10/66/08; Marquina
Ahuejote Llanes or Marquina Ahejote Yáñez, 08/74/-; José Crescencio Aispuro
Amézquita, 01/78/05; José
Manuel Alapizco Lizárraga, 08/77/19; Saúl Armando Alarcón Amezquita, sf;
Rómulo Alarcón Flores, 71;
Eusebio Alarcón León, sf; Julio Alarcón León, 03/74/10; Magdaleno Alarcón
Sonora, 03/74/07; Genaro
Alarcón Téllez, 12/78/11; José Guadalupe Alba De Santos, 12/73/13; Miguel de
Alba Huesta, 02/78/27; José
Albarrán Pérez, 01/72/13; José Albarrán Pino, 10/72/25; Flora Albarrán, 01/72/13;
Graciano Alcantara Luna,
10/66/08; Carlos Alemán Velásquez, 08/77/29; Abel Almazán Saldaña, 06/74/06;
Regino Almazán Urioste or
Uriostegui, 74/10/-; Jorge Alberto Almogabar Ríos, 07/74/16; José Luis Alonso
Abarca, 10/66/08; Gilberto
Alonso Cárdenas, 10/66/08; José Luis Alonso Vargas, 01/71/15; Francisco Alonso,
sf; Porfirio Altamirano 44
Olivera, 08/70/02; Mario Alvarado, 10/80/14; Jaime Alvarado Aldrete, sf; Pablo
Alvarado Barrera, 12/71/04;
Crescencio Alvarado Fierro, 06/74/30; José Antonio Alvarado Martínez, 73; Blanca
Luz Alvarado Vázquez,
07/71/15; Ángel Manuel Álvarez, 07/77/30; Vicente Álvarez Arenas, sf; Alberto
Álvarez Azanza, 08/76/08;
Manuel Álvarez Duran, 10/66/08; Miguel Álvarez Jacinto, sf; Eleazar Álvarez
Jacobo, 04/73/24; Albert
Álvarez Manzanares, 76/-/-; Santos Álvarez Ocampo, 04/73/24; Felix Álvarez
Tapia, 11/81/27; Odo or
Abdón Álvarez Téllez, sf; Francisco Daniel Álvarez Valenzuela, 04/74/25; Andrés
Amaya Salazar, 02/67/26;
Abelino Ambriz Alonso, 10/66/08; Adolfo Anchondo Salazar, 01/72/15; Graciel
Andalón Valle, 11/73/07;
Narciso Andrés Trujillo, 02/75/05; José Zenón Anguiano Lima, 03/78/04; Pedro
Angulo Barona, 08/74/04;
Leopoldo Angulo Luken, 09/81/29; Javier Angulo Saavedra, sf; Manuel Alfonso
Ansaldo Meneses, 78/08/;
Mesino Antonio Castillo, 11/76/18; Hipólito Antonio Nava, sf; Antonio, sf; Abraham
Antonio, 12/81/03;
Manuel Alfonso Anzaldo Meneses, 06/75/18; Juan Apaes Montiel, 10/73/05; Victor
Apaes Montiel, 10/73/05;
Eulalio Aragón Cosme, 02/75/16; Vicente Araiz Sánchez, 03/72/13; Carlos Araiza
Tapia, 02/67/26; Miguel
Arámbula Vera, 12/73/14; Antonio Arana Murillo, 05/81/17; Sergio Aranza
Salmerón, 05/71/12; Raymundo
Carlos Ararda Velázquez, 06/69/07; Ángel Araujo Madrigal, 10/66/08; Víctor Arballo
Zamudio, sf; Francisco
Arceo, 62/-/-; Amanda Arciniega Cano, 05/80/12; Eleuterio Arellano Martínez,
08/70/02; Baltazar Arellano,
sf; Marcelo Arenas Bautista, 74/11; Cándido Arenas San Juan, 06/74/04; Ignacio
Arésteguí, 76/-/-; Leopold
Arguello López, 02/72/21; Julián or Julio Argüello Smith, 09/74/18; Vicente Argüello
Vázquez, 08/74/15;
Francisco Argüello Villegas, 10/74/20; Victor Manuel Argüello, 77/-/-; René
Arismendi, sf; Paulo or Paulino
Arismendiz Moreno, 09/72/05; Pedro Arismendiz Moreno, 09/72/19; Raúl Guillermo
Ariyosi Iduma,
02/67/26; Armando Armenta Zaragoza, 07/77/30; Eusebio Armenta, 11/71/24; Jose
Manuel Arredondo
Villarreal, 09/74/27; Isidro Ignacio Arregui, 10/66/08; Máximo Arreola Alvarado, sf;
Leopoldo R Arreola
Ortiz, 10/66/08; Ángel Arreola Ortiz, 10/73/15; Máximo Arreola Ortiz, sf; Ramón
Arreola Secundino, sf;
Dimas Arreola Yáñez, sf; Pablo Arreola Yáñez, 05/74/10; Ma Soledad Arriaga Rico,
10/66/08; Raul Arrieta
Armenta, 06/72/30; Alberto Arrieta Campos, 10/60/20; Eusebio Arrieta Memije,
06/72/25; Gudelia Arrioja
Zertuche, 08/74/17; Juan Arroyo Arellano, 11/73/22; Alejandro Arroyo Cabañas,
06/72/27; Jose Luis Arroyo
Castro, sf; Alberto Arroyo Dionisio, 06/72/25; Felícitas Arroyo Dionisio, 72/-/-;
Enrique Arroyo Gama,
01/80/08; Melitón Arroyo González, 74/-/-; Gilberto Arroyo López, 09/77/21; Roman
Arroyo Secundino,
07/75/21; Otilia Arteaga Martínez, 06/73/15; Rutilia Arteaga Martínez, 06/73/15;
Soledad Arteaga Rico,
10/66/08; Bonifacio Arzate, 10/60/20; Efrén Arzate, 10/60/20; Juan Arzate,
10/60/20; Macrino Arzeta
Zamora, 74/-/-; Oscar Benjamín Astorga Ramos, 08/72/17; Jesús Amadero Atondo
Rodríguez, 02/67/26;
Austreberta, 01/72/15; Alejandro Ávila Almazán, 10/73/12; Donaciano Ávila
Clemente, sf; Alvaro Avila
Escamilla, 09/72/22; José de Jesús Ávila González, 04/74/08; Fausto Ávila Juárez,
02/72/30; Juan Avila
Mesino, 72/-/-; José Luis Ávila Meza, 12/73/14; Nicolás Ávila Meza, 11/76/10;
Rigoberto Ávila Ordoñez,
06/74/05; Damiel Ávila Saavedra, 06/77/23; Juan Avilés Lino, 04/73/21; Indalecio
Aviles Marín, 10/66/08;
David Avilés Mendoza, 05/69/19; Epifanio Avilés Rojas, 05/69/19; José Ayala
Agüero, 06/73/15; Agustin
Ayala Azumbo, 10/66/08; Antonio Ayala Carrillo, 10/66/08; Rogelio Ayala Estrada,
10/66/08; Antonio Ayala
Garrido, 10/66/08; Eduardo Ayala Herrera, 10/66/08; Octaviano Ayala Martínez,
10/66/08; Isabel Ayala
Nava, 11/74/25; Eduardo Ayala Rivera, 10/66/08; Gustavo Ayala Serna, 10/66/08;
Juana Ayala Zepeda,
10/66/08; Florentino Azpeitia Cabrera, 10/66/08; Severo Azueta, sf; Juan Báez
Sánchez, sf; Bulmaro Bahena
Martínez, 01/72/-; Crispín Bahena Méndez, 11/76/-; Filemón or Filomeno Bahena
Román, 12/73/06; Gabino
Bahena Romero, 12/73/26; Jesús Bahena Wences, 02/76/03; Juan Bahena and
his wife, 01/72/13;
Roque Bahena, 04/72/20; Antonio Balderas, 07/74/23; Jaime Bali West, 11/73/13;
Abel Baltazar or Balanzar,
76/-/-; Pedro Baltazar Pino, 09/72/19; Margarito Baltazar Vázquez, 75/-/-; Rufino
Baltazar Vázquez, 06/71/;
Santiago Baños Castro, 75/-/-; José Barba Hernández, 12/73/14; Francisco
Barradas Baños, 76/-/-; Leonard
Barragán Dimas, sf; Heriberto Barranco Mote, sf; Javier Barranco Mote, 74/-/-;
Agapito Margarito Barrera
Solís, 02/74/-; Domitilo Barrientos Blanco, 09/72/24; Félix Barrientos Campos,
07/75/04; Santiago Barrientos
Castro, 75/-/-; Martín Barrientos Cortés, 04/77/30; Apolinar Barrientos Díaz, sf;
Ezequiel Barrientos Dionisio,
12/71/27; Agustín Barrientos Flores, 05/71/01; Alberto Barrientos Flores, sf;
Anastacio Barrientos Flores,
10/74/01; Ezequiel Barrientos Flores, 05/71/01; Justino Barrientos Flores,
10/74/01; Domitilo Barrientos
Gomez, 72/-/-; Anastasio Barrientos Jiménez, 03/73/23; Domitilo Barrientos
Martínez, 10/74/01; Emiliano
Barrientos Martínez, 10/74/01; Onesimo Barrientos Martínez, 74/-/-; Aniceto
Barrientos Nava, 10/74/10ó12;
Cleofas Barrientos Navarrete, 74/10-25; Domitilo Barrientos Peralta, 07/72/01;
Armando Barrientos Reyes,
10/74/01; Domingo Barrientos Reyes, 05/71/02; Gabriel Barrientos Reyes,
12/71/27; Maximiliano Barrientos
Kings, 74; Raymundo Barrientos Reyes, 10/71/27; Roberto Barrientos Reyes,
10/74/01; Zamudio Barrientos
Kings, 11/74/11; Apolinar Barrientos Ríos, 10/74/10; Raymundo Barrientos Rojas,
10/74/10; Carmela
Barrientos Serafín, 10/74/25; Humberto Barrientos Serafín, 10/74/25; Sofía
Barrientos Serafín, 10/74/25; Four. Five
Justino Barrientos Villegas, 74/-/-; Anselmo Barrientos, 11/73/18; Jesús Barrientos,
62/-/-; Santiago Barrios
Castro, 74/10; Brígido Barrios, sf; José Barrón Caldera, 06/76/10; Mario Barrueta
García, 07/60/31; Alfonso
Bataz García, 05/71/28; Guillermo Bautista Andalón, 04/77/20; Manuel Bautista
Iriguela, 08/75/13; Sabine
Bautista López, 10/74/27; Rubén Bautista Mercado, 10/66/08; Ramiro Bautista
Rojas, 09/71/13; calendar
Bautista Tolentino, 04/73/25; Miguel Antonio Bejarano Garcés, 06/69/07; Romana
Bello Cabañas, 05/71/03;
Leonardo Bello Cruz, 11/74/22; Silvestre Bello Flores, sf; Félix Bello González, sf;
Eusebio Bello Hernandez,
09/72/24; Flavio Bello Hernández, 08/72/02; Miguel Bello Hernández, 74/-/-;
Guillermo Bello López,
10/78/20; Bonifacio Bello Malo, sf; Félix Bello Manzanares, 11/74/11; Jerónimo
Bello Morales, 11/76/18;
Leonardo Bello Ramos, 10/74/14; Absent Inocencio Bello Ríos, 08/74/23;
Fructuoso Beltrán, 76/-/-;
Carlos Alberto Benavides Alcocer, 11/76/17; María Gloria Benavides Guevara,
02/74/20; Gracious
Benavides, 12/62/09; Faustino Benítez Abarca, 10/74/15 or 10/74/01; Justino
Benítez Abarca, sf; Alexander
Benítez Aguilar, 10/66/08; Raúl Benítez Bravo, 05/76/03; René Benítez Bravo, sf;
Marcial Benitez De Jesús,
11/75/20; Emeterio Benítez Hernández, sf; Genara Benítez Hernández, sf; Gloria
Benítez Hernández, sf;
Martiniano Benítez Martínez, 06/71/08; Ignacio Benítez Montero, 01/75/17;
Melchor Benítez Onofre, 77/-/-;
Emeterio Benítez Radilla, 04/74/10; Francisco Benítez Radilla, 06/74/ó07/;
Fidencio Benitez Ramirez,
10/73/10; Feliciano Benítez Reyes, 09/72/19; Alfonso Benítez Rosales, 01/76/13;
Florentino Benitez Sánchez,
08/74/11; Armando Benítez Simón, 10/76/02; Apolonio Benítez, 10/71/13; Diego
Benitez, 10/72/02; Luis
Benitez, 09/74/28; Toribio Benítez, 07/74/-; Lourdes Bermúdez Lujan, sf; Inés
Bernal Castillo, 08/76/04;
Diogenes Bernal Martínez, 09/74/01; Piojame Bernal Martínez, sf; Melquíades
Bernal, 71; Asuncion J
Bernardino Pineda, 10/66/08; Epifanio Berrán, 07/74/-; Epifanio Berum Carbajal,
sf; Epifanio Berum Torres,
sf; Pedro Berumen Macedo, 01/63/26; José Betancourt Catalán, 10/73/20; Rogelio
Betancourt Díaz, 11/79/14;
Rodrigo Betancourt García, 11/79/14; Ángel Betancourt, 10/60/20; Pablo Bibiano
Hernández, 11/74/22;
Ambrose Bishop Bernal, 04/72/20; Eduardo Daniel Blaistein Bolognini, 11/73/21;
White Angel Flowers,
72/07/-; José Luis Blanco Flores, 72707/18; Saíd Blanco Paco, sf; Andrés Blanco
Tacuba, 07/72/-; Julian
White, 05/74/17; Francisco Bodega, sf; Nuria Boldo Ibelda de Cardona, 10/73/26;
Alicia Bonilla García,
01/73/19; Carlos Bonilla Machorro, 06/74/20; Aída Bracamontes Patiño, 06/77/25;
Bartolo Bracamontes
Patiño, 07/74/01; Ismael Bracho Campos, 11/71/28; José Bracho Campos,
02/72/04 (18 days); Bravo Angel
Cisneros, 03/71/16; Javier Bravo Flores, 10/66/08; Concepción Bravo Peralta,
10/66/08; Felipe de Jesus
Briseño Delgado, 04/78/19; Elías Brito Alarcón, sf; Humberto Brito Nájera,
07/77/29; Macario Bruno Macías,
05/71/19; Marco Antonio Bustamante Zarate, 04/74/07; Hernán Bustamante
Acuña, 02/67/26; Arthur
Bustamante Guzmán, 12/73/22; Arturo Bustamante Zarate, 04/74/07; Pedro
Bustos, 10/60/20; Hector
Guillermo Caballero Chávez, 08/74/20; Humberto Cabañas Alvarado, 11/76/19;
Maria del Rosario Cabañas
Alvarado, 11/76/19; Micaela Cabañas Ayala, 11/74/25; Florentino Cabañas
Cebredo, 04/73/25; Vincent
Cebredo Cabins, 05/73/08; Juvenal Cabañas del Valle, 08/72/02; Luis Armando
Cabañas Dimas, 06/78/16;
Antolín Cabañas Fierro, 11/76/17; Zacarías Cabañas Fierro, 11/76/18; Heriberto
Cabañas Flores, 75/-/-; Luis
Cabañas García, 03/72/20; Pablo Cabañas Gervasio, 01/72/17; Juan Cabañas
Inés, sf; Celerina Cabañas
Lopez, 04/73/29; Pedro Cabañas Macedo, 03/70/03; Saúl or Raúl Cabañas
Martínez, 04/71/26; JIsabel
Cabañas Muñoz, 03/72/20; Guadalupe Cabañas Nava, 01/72/17; Julián Cabañas
Navarrete, 06/75/25;
Bertoldo Cabañas Ocampo, 04/71/26; Eleno Cabañas Ocampo, 04/74/03; Felipe
Cabañas Ocampo,
03/73/27ó28; Raúl Cabañas Ocampo, 09/74/12; Felipe Cabañas Ramos, 04/74/;
Rosa Cabañas Rodríguez
Muñoz, 01/72/15; Jeremías Cabañas Serafín, 11/76/18; Ricardo Cabañas Solís,
07/72/31; Erasmo Cabañas
Tabares, 11/76/24; Lino Cabañas Tabares, 12/76/06; Lucio Cabañas Tabares,
04/74/27; Raul Cabañas
Tabares, 10/74/05; Miguel Ángel Cabañas Vargas, 04/74/08; 'Licho' Cabañas,
05/71/07; Adolfo Cabañas,
05/71/07; Juvenal Cabañas, sf; Pascual Cabañas, 76/-/-; Salomé Cabañas,
06/72/25; Atilano Cabrera, 71;
Marcelino Cabrera, 71; Miguel Cadena Diego, 06/71/28; Jesús Calderón Esquivel,
01/73/26; Back Calderon
Herrejon, 10/66/08; Crescencio Calderón Laguna, 06/71/28; Gregorio Calderón
Laguna, sf; Efrain Calderon
Lara, 74/-/-; Crescencia Calderón Nava, 08/72/-; Inocencio Calderón, 06/71/28;
Silvestre Calderón, 04/73/24;
Domingo Calixto Cortés, 08/77/15; Francisca Calvo Zapata, 01/72/30; Manuel
Camacho Horta, 10/66/08;
Martha Alicia Camacho Loaiza, 08/77/20; Raúl Camacho Valveri, 08/77/15; David
Camarillo Orozco,
06/74/12; Francisco Juventino Campaña López, 02/75/18; J Alfredo Campaña
López, 01/72/11; Jose Carlos
López Campaign, 01/72/11; María Campos Alvarado, 11/76/18; Adrián Campos
Díaz, 07/67/20; Erastus
Campos Hernández, 11/74/22; Martín Campos Leyva, 12/71/27; Candelario
Campos Ramírez, 08/83/20;
Francisco Campos Ramírez, 75/-/-; Pedro Campos Ramos, 02/67/26; Ma Del Pilar
Campos Tapia, 05/77/14;
Ceferino Campos Vidales, 10/66/08; Erasmo Campos, 05/70/01; Sabino Cándido
Zamora, 11/76/18; Enrique
Canseco Ruíz, 09/77/18; José Cantoriano Sánchez, 09/72/05; Bernardo Cantú
Lauterio, 10/66/08; Isabel
Petronio Cantú Nájera, 08/74/17; Nicolás Cantú, 71; Petra Cantú, 71; Efrén Capiz
Villegas, 10/66/08; 46
Leonardo Carbajal Murgan, 03/72/20; Gildardo Carbajal Salmerón, 08/77/05;
Amado Carbajal, sf; José
Carbajal, 06/72/25; Leonardo Carbajal, 06/72/25; Teófilo Cárdenas Barragán,
04/77/28; Martina or Macrina
Cárdenas Montaño, 09/71/13; Luz Alejandra Cárdenas Santana, 07/78/18; Manuel
Cárdenas Valdez,
08/77/08; Zenón Cardiel Villafaña, 10/66/08; Ramón Cardona Medel, 06/78/07;
Filemón Cardoso Echeverría,
04/78/21; Carlín, sf; José María Carmona Chávez, 74/0109; Álvaro Caro Salas, sf;
Adrian Carpio Llanes,
10/74/01; Nahún Carranza Carmona, 11/76/18; Jorge Salvador Carrasco
Gutiérrez, 02/77/27; Enrique Carrera,
74/-/-; Amador Carrillo, sf; Mario Alvaro Cartagena López, 04/78/05; Juan de Dios
Carvajal Pérez, 08/77/20;
Yolanda Casas Quiroz, 02/72/28; Tania Cascante Carrasco, 08/76/18; Pedro
Casián Olvera, 09/74/27; José
Luis Casillas Padilla, 02/72/21; María Concepción Castañeda, 07/75/26; Dimas
Castañeda Álvarez, 03/71/18;
Ezequiel Castañeda Álvarez, 03/71/18; Eva Castañeda De Capiz, 10/66/08; Arturo
Castañeda Cuadros,
02/74/19; Carlos Castañeda Guzmán, 04/72/20; Raúl Castañeda Peñaloza,
12/73/07; Higinio Castañón
Adame, 09/72/23; Evaristo Castañón Flores, 09/72/02; Toribio Castañón Nava or
Toribio Castañón Maya,
08/72/28; Albino Castañón, 07/71/-; Milton Castellano Gout, 02/67/26; Iram
Castellano Olivares, 10/66/08;
Francisco Castellanos Huerta, 09/77/16; Jorge Castellanos Huerta, 09/77/16;
Zeferino Castillo Arrazola,
03/74/23; Narciso Castillo Arreola, 10/72/25; Felipe Castillo Cabañas, 74/-/-; Hilda
Castillo Castro, 08/77/29;
Roberto Castillo de Jesús, 09/74/23; Dionisio Castillo Galeana, 08/74/25; Lucio
Castillo Galeana, 11/74/02;
Roberto Castillo Galeana, 11/74/22; Leonel Castillo González, 10/66/08;
Hermelinda or Hermenegilda Castillo
Iturio, 11/76/18; Juan Castillo Iturio, 11/76/18; Margarito Castillo Iturio, 11/76/26;
Roberto Castillo Iturio,
74/-/-; Victorino or Jesús Castillo Iturio, 11/74/02; Inés Castillo Leyva, 75/-/-; José
Fortino Castillo Madrigal,
10/66/08; Candelario Castillo Martínez, 75/-/-; Cleofas Castillo Martínez, sf;
Florentino Castillo Martínez, sf;
Heberto Castillo Martínez, 71; Antonio Castillo Mesino, 11/76/18; Alicia Castillo
Pérez, 07/77/-; Frank
Castillo Pérez, 07/77/-; Pedro Castillo Pérez, 07/77/-; Cándido or Candelario
Castillo Ríos, 09/74/04; Alicia
Castillo Tellez, 77/06o07; Franco Castillo Tellez, 77/06o07; Pedro Castillo Tellez,
77/06o07; Jose Antonio
Castillo Vilorio, 10/73/26; Socorro Castillón Barraza, 02/74/23; Cristina Castrejon,
02/72/19; Carlos
Castrejón Bustamante, 12/75/08; Raúl Castrejón Vázquez, 12/73/10; Rosalío
Castrejón Vázquez, 08/74/25;
Margarito Castrejón, 08/74/25; Inocencio Castro Arteaga, 06/74/20; Miguel Castro
Bustos, 12/72/08;
Francisco Castro Castañeda, 08/72/30; José Omar Castro Castillo, 10/73/23;
Margarito Castro Castillo, sf;
Mauricio Castro Castillo, 06/74/18; Mauro Castro Corona, 08/77/03; Miguel Castro
Cuevas, 12/71/30; Pike
Castro Dávila, 82/-/-; Ambrosio Castro de Jesús, 10/71/27; Israel Castro Dionisio,
sf; Francisco Castro
Sunday, 06/71/28; Delfino Castro Hernández, 07/74/20; Isaías Castro Hernández,
sf; Paul Castro
Hernandez, 04/74/-; Pascual Castro Hernández, 07/74/20; Petronilo Castro
Hernández, 04/72/22; Raphael
Castro Hernández, 11/76/29; Eleazar Castro Molina, 01/75/09; Fabiola Castro
Molina, 01/75/16; Ma
Guadalupe Castro Molina, 06/72/25; Pedro Castro Nava, 08/74/25; Ezequiel
Castro Ramírez, 12/62/30;
Hermógenes Castro Ríos, 07/72/31; Everardo Castro Rojas, 10/66/08; Salvador
Castro Romero, sf; Pedro
Castro Rosas, 08/74/25; Arnoldo Castro Santiago, sf; Leonardo Castro Valenzuela,
02/67/26; Isaiah Castro
Velasquez, 08/72/27; Isidro Castro Vergara, 07/74/20; Arturo Castro, 04/73/24;
Lucio Castro, sf; Vincent
Castro, 03/74/13; Nicolás Catarino Vásquez, sf; Alejandro Cázares Sánchez,
03/71/17; Susana Ceballos
Contreras, 05/75/29; Carlos Ceballos Loya, 11/77/26; Jesús Ceberiano Camacho,
02/76/06; Alberto Cedillo
Cross, 77/-/-; José de Jesús Cedillo Díaz, sf; Pedro Cedillo Díaz, 04/77/18; José
Bonfilio Cervantes Tabera,
08/75/30; Ofelia Cervantes De Martínez, 10/66/08; José Guadalupe Cervantes
Flores, 07/77/22; Francisco
Cervantes Garibay, 10/66/08; Ricardo Raúl Cervera García, 03/80/15; Obdulio
Cevallos Suárez, 03/74/-;
Ernesto Chagoya Aguirre, 12/71/15; José Luis Chagoya Remigio, 10/73/26; Arturo
Chagoya Rodríguez,
11/73/29; Rubén Chalma de la Cruz, 01/74/12; Severiano or Riveriano Chalma
Martínez, 07/74/27; Enrique
Chames Martínez, sf; three Chantes, 06/72/25; Salomón Chavela Palma, 11/74/22;
Genaro Chavelaz
Hernandez, 79/12-; Juan Chávez De la Rocha, 04/72/18; Juan Chávez Hoyos,
09/78/08; Rafael Chávez Rosas,
74/08; Apolonio Chávez Aviña, 10/66/08; Enrique Chávez Fuentes, 07/72/18;
Isaías Chávez Gallegos,
11/74/22; Eligio Chávez González, 06/72/25; Eusebio Chávez González, sf; Ma
Eugenia Chávez Jiménez,
10/66/08; José Armando Chávez Pérez, 04/74/-; Alberto Chávez Silva, 07/72/18;
Israel Chávez Silva,
07/72/18; Joel Isaías Chávez Treviño, 10/72/25; Artemio Chávez Villa,
10/74/03ó06; Javier Chávez and
Rodríguez, sf; Antonio Miguel Chávez, sf; Eusebio Chávez, sf; Juan Chirmbolo,
03/72/20; Manuel Cholico
Cisneros, 02/74/19; Fernando Javier Chong Santiago, 11/81/06; Tomás Cid
Lucero, 02/67/26; Elizabeth
Cienfuentes Berumen, 05/74/09; Alejandro Cimbras Bernal, 69/-/-; Félix Cimbras
Bernal, 71; Juan Cimbras
Bernal, 71; Agustín Cimbras, 71; Aristaeus Cimbras, 71; Aurelio Cimbras, 71;
Calixto Cimbras, 71; Fermin
Formwork, 71; Oscar Nahum Cirigo Vázquez, sf; José Cirilo Reynada, 08/75/19;
Eloy Tobías Cisneros Guillén,
12/76/18; Ladislao Cisneros Guillén, 12/76/18; Miguel Cisneros Rodríguez,
10/66/08; Marta Elba Cisneros
Zavala, 09/71/11; Epifanio Clavel Domínguez, 07/78/21; Floriberto Cirenio Clavel
Juárez, 03/76/19; 47
Francisco Clavel Velásquez, 02/73/08; Rosalío Clemente Romero, 10/60/20; Odon
Colin Colin, 10/66/08;
Francisco or (Cesar José) Colmenares Nativity, 01/69/30; Abelardo Contreras
Castro, 02/72/09; Pedro
Contreras Javier, 02/72/09; Arturo Contreras Martínez, sf; Daniel Contreras,
09/72/08; Jose Isabel Copado
Garcia, 10/66/08; Miguel Cope Arteaga, 10/66/08; Arnulfo Cordova Luster,
03/81/24; Arnulfo Cordova
Luster, 07/78/21; José Luis Coria Ambray, 10/66/08; Abraham Coria Arias,
10/66/08; Jorge Corona Rentería,
10/66/08; Florencio Coronel Chavarría, 05/78/24; Adolfo Corral Cota, 08/77/10;
José de Jesús Corral García,
03/76/08; Pedro Cortés Bustos, 04/66/26; José Cortés Castro, 02/76/03; José
Guadalupe Cortés Gutiérrez, sf;
Salvador Cortés Gutiérrez, 08/75/30; Zenón Cortés Hurtado, 10/66/08; Rosendo
Cortés Tulimánó or Rosendo
Cortés Tulumán, 02/72/02; Alberto Cortés, 71; Pedro Cortés, 07/78/10; Silvino
Cortés, 71; Miguel Corvera
Rodríguez, 10/66/08; Francisco Javier Coutiño Gordillo, 11/74/16; Felipe
Covarrubias Berber; detained together
with his three children and niece, 06/78/21; Dante Covarrubias Melgar, 06/78/21;
Felipe Covarrubias Melgar,
06/78/21; Lenín Covarrubias Melgar, 06/78/21; Salvador Coy Flores, 10/66/08;
Jerónimo Cruz Barrientos,
08/74/24; José Cruz Bedolla, 05/67/17; Venacio Cruz de la Martínez, 11/72/11;
Felipe Cruz de la Moreno,
02/74/19; José Luis Cruz Espinoza, 74/08; Isaías Cruz Fierro, 11/76/18; Valentina
Cruz Fierro, 11/76/18;
Zeferino Cruz Fierro, 05/75/-; José Luis Cruz Flores, 07/74/20; Faustino Cruz
Jaime, 01/75/16; Angel Cross
May, 10/74/-; Delfino Cruz Morales, 11/81/27; Alejandro Cruz Moreno, 02/74/19;
Mateo Cruz Nava,
11/76/18; Miguel Cruz Ramírez, 04/76/09; Philosopher Cruz Rojo, 12/73/26; Hilaria
Cruz Roque, 11/76/18; Irma
Yolanda Cruz Santiago, 06/77/01; Miguel Cruz, 08/66/12; Manuel Cubillas,
05/67/15; Ramon Danzos
Palomino, 04/69/15; Esteban Dávalos Rueda, 01/76/30; Fabio Julio Dávila Ojeda,
02/72/21; Rosa Maria
Dávila Partida, 07/75/23; Hilda Rosario Dávila Pérez, 02/74/22; Marino De Jesús
Alquiciras, 05/74/10; Elysium
Of Jesus of the Cross, 12/71/23; Juan De Jesús de la Cruz, 09/72/23; Simplicio De
Jesús de la Cruz, sf; Albert
De Jesús Galeana, 08/75/08; Iturio De Jesús Matías See Matías Iturio de Jesús,
sf; Pedro De Jesús Onofre,
09/74/20; María De Jesús Toral [Alias] 'Blanca Arcelia Ledezma' 'Blanca Ledezma
Gómez', 'Sabina
Ledezma Javier', 02/72/02; Jacinto De Jesús Vázquez, 08/77/21; Nativity of Jesus,
04/71/26; José De Jeús
Ramírez, sf; Cutberto De la Cruz Ávila, 10/74/06; Juan Jesús De la Cruz Bautista,
10/71/14; Pilar De la Cruz
Benitez, 11/76/18; Rosenda De la Cruz Benítez, 11/76/18; Germán De la Cruz
Espinobarro, 07/70/17;
Bernardino De la Cruz Hernández, 02/72/02; Mariana De la Cruz Llanes, 08/74/24;
Daniel Dela Cruz
Martínez, 08/74/08; Alfredo De la Rosa Olguín, 03/74/13; Miguel Ángel De la Cruz
Martínez, 08/74/08;
Magdaleno De la Cruz Navarrete, 05/71/28; José De la Cruz Rascón, 02/67/26;
Humberto De la Cruz,
08/75/19; Macedonio De la Cruz, 74/03/-; Maximiliano De la Cruz, 03/74/-; Rafael
De la Cruz, 03/74/-;
Rigoberto De la Fuente Garza, 01/63/07; Joaquín De la Isla, 12/62/09; Guillermo
De la Rosa Magdaleno,
08/77/15; Alfredo De la Rosa Olguín, 11/74/20; Armando De la Rosa Olguín,
07/71/15; Alicia Delos Rios
Merino, 78/03; Alfonso De los Santos Dorantes, 08/76/05; Victorino De los Santos,
09/74/23; Aaron De
Meza Padilla, 01/74/25; Teresa De Ulloa, 76; Emilio Delgado Jiménez, 04/74/25;
Rafael Delgado Reyes,
01/72/14; Erasmo Delgado Salgado, 05/68/08; Fabián Díaz Alarcón, sf; Heriberto
Díaz Coutiño, sf; Pedro
Díaz Calleja, 07/70/17; Monserrat de Díaz Caridad, 09/74/27; Aurelio Díaz Fierro,
09/74/17; Carlos Diaz
Cold, 06/78/16; Rafael Díaz García, 10/66/08; Juan Guillermo Díaz Hernández, sf;
Eulogia Díaz Silva, sf;
Israel Díaz Téllez, 07/72/22; Noé Díaz Villa, 06/74/20; Anacleto Díaz, 11/76/18;
Leonor Díaz, 09/74/01;
Pedro Díaz, 09/74/01; Silvano Díaz, 09/74/01; Francisco Diego Flores, 08/77/15;
Faustino Diego Rojas,
09/77/-; Sebastián Dimas Quiroz, 10/66/08; Alberto Dionisio Arroyo, 08/75/19;
Abysmael or Ishmael Dionysus
León, 08/72/03; Efraín Dionisio Martínez, sf; Antonio Diosdado Mendoza, 07/76/03;
Benito Domingez
Gasilio, 12/62/30; Mario Domínguez Ávila, 07/75/26; Gabriel Domínguez
Rodríguez, 03/76/29; José
Domínguez Rodríguez, 72; José Arturo Domínguez Arteaga, 10/66/08; Domingo
Domínguez Noyola,
07/78/21; Alberto Domínguez Rodríguez, 71; Albertano Dorantes Azanza,
08/76/08; Rodrigo Dorantes
Azanza, 08/76/08; Alberto Dorantes Pérez, 08/76/04; Salvador Duran Acosta,
10/66/08; Eduardo Echeverria
Valdez, 11/81/09; Florencio Echeverría Benítez, 01/80/08; Rodolfo Echeverría
Martínez, 01/69/01; Naive
Echeverría, 10/60/20; Ponciano Elizalde Cano, 05/67/16; Ramón Elizalde Meza,
02/67/26; Isaiah Ench
Fragoso, 10/72/05; Jesús Encinas Alacantara, 10/66/08; Armando Escalante
Morales, 05/75/; Alfred
Escalante Peña, 01/75/21; Juan Escamilla Escobedo, 05/75/30; Álvaro Escamilla,
09/72/23; Austreberta Hilda
Escobedo Ocaña, 12/81/21; Sonia Virginia Escobedo Jiménez, 08/77/03; Rogelio
Escutia García, 10/66/08;
José Luis Esparza Flores, 04/77/10; Manuel Esparza Gutiérrez, 03/80/10; Gilberto
Espejo Aguilar, 02/67/26;
Gildardo Espejo Aguilar, 02/67/26; Antonio Espinobarros Herrera, 09/70/-; Carlos
Espinobarros Ramírez,
04/72/20; César Espinobarros Ramírez, 04/72/20; Humberto Espinobarros
Ramírez, 02/72/01; Francisco
Espinobarros, 08/70/26; Luis Sebastián Espinosa, 05/67/17; Luis Benito Espinoza
Lucero, 11/77/07; José
Espinoza Escutia, 10/66/08; Miguel Espinoza López, 03/83/26; José Roberto
Espinoza Suarez, 03/74/03; José
Espinoza, 05/70/01; Camilo Estrada Luviano, 71/03; Ezequiel Estrada Aguirre,
06/73/21; Abel Estrada 48
Camarillo, 07/75/23; Abel Estrada Camarillo, 10/78/22; Pedro Estrada Gámez,
01/72/12; Teresa Estrada
Ramírez, 09/74/04; Pedro Estrada Vega, 06/69/27; Rafael Estrada Vega, 69/-/-;
Vicente Estrada Vega,
10/74/16; Isaías Eusch Fregoso, 11/72/11; Roberto Eusch Fregoso, 11/72/11;
Richard Everett Hyland
09/71/22; Gregorio Fajardo de los Santos, 09/74/06; Manuel Falcón Rodríguez,
02/67/26; Manuel Farías
Beautiful, 08/74/25; Gildardo Felix Espinoza, 04/74/23; Raúl Gregorio Fernández
Brito, 06/73/14; Victory
Fernández Brito, 11/76/11; Oscar José Fernández Bruno, sf; María Fernandez
Pérez, 11/76/11; Israel
Fernández Téllez, 01/70/05; Valentín Fernández Zamora, 10/78/30; Julián or Julio
Fierro Abarca, 01/75/27;
Apolonio Fierro Baltazar, 07/71/11; Gabriel Fierro Baltazar, 07/71/11; Jesús Fierro
Baltazar, 07/71/11;
Maximino Fierro Baltazar, 07/71/11; Victorio or Vicente Fierro Baltazar, 07/71/11;
Leodegario Fierro Flores,
09/72/05; Urbano Fierro Galeana, 09/72/05; Ausencio Fierro González, 11/76/22;
Enedino Fierro Hernández,
09/72/03; Hermilio Fierro Hernández, 07/74/16 or 08/74/08; Justino Fierro
Hernández, 09/72/02; Elena Fierro
Llanes, 11/76/18; Francisco Fierro Loza, 01/72/13; Marcelina Fierro Martínez,
10/74/01; Justin Fierro
Medina, 09/72/02; Ignacio Fierro Montero, 07/74/16; Eusebio Fierro Nava,
07/74/16; Mateo Fierro Nava,
11/76/21; Reynaldo Fierro Navarrete, 04/71/28; Félix Fierro Pereda, 06/72/25;
Jesús Fierro Pino, 07/71/11;
Cipriano Fierro Polanco, 01/75/27; Fulgencio Fierro Polanco, 08/75/19; Sergio
Fierro Radilla, 09/72/02;
Berenice Fierro Rodríguez, sf; Cristabel Fierro Rodríguez, 02/77/07; Cristóbal
Fierro Rodríguez, sf; Enrique
Fierro Rodríguez, 08/72/02; Sandino Fierro Rodríguez, sf; Esteban Fierro Valadez,
10/74/01; William
Fierro Valadez, 10/74/01; Jesús Fierro Valadez, 10/74/01; Aurelio Fierro, 08/75/19;
Candido Fierro,
01/72/13; Juan Fierro, 72/-/-; Martina Fierro, sf; Mauro Fierro, 08/74/11; Vicente
Figueroa Castillo, 05/67/16;
Ambrosio, Figueroa, sf; Esteban Figueroa, 71; Eucaria and Martha Figueroa, sf;
Released Florencio Lázaro,
01/76/13; Miguel Ángel Flores Bernal, sf; Herón Teodoro Flores Aguilar, 09/71/13;
Olivia Flores Alarcón,
12/78/01; Salvador Flores Bello, 06/73/13; Juan Flores Benítez, 75/-/-; Ángel
Flores Blanco, 07/72/18; José
Luis Flores Blanco, 07/72/18; Juan Germán Flores Carrasco, 08/77/20; Luis Flores
Corona, 10/66/08;
Marciano Flores De Jesús, 12/74/06; Zacarías Flores de Jesús, sf; Leonardo
Flores de la Cruz, sf; Victorian
Flowers of the Cross, 09/72/05; Juan Flores Fierro, 09/74/-; Guillermo Flores
Galeana, 76/-/-; Juan Flores
Galeana, 76/-/-; Mardonio Flores Galeana, 08/74/25; Nicolás Flores Galeana,
76/-/-; Josué Flores García,
01/72/15; José Flores Gervasio, 04/74/15; Agustín Flores Jiménez, 04/73/23;
Nicolás Flores Jiménez, 71/-/-;
Onesimo Flores Jimenez, 09/72/05; Tomás Flores Jiménez, 09/72/02; Tomás
Flores Jiménez, 11/72/08;
Antonio Flores Leonardo, 09/74/14; Miguel Flores Leonardo, 06/77/14; Eloy Flores
Magaña, 10/72/30;
Agustín Flores Martínez, 05/73/03; Epifanio Flores Martínez, sf; Rodrigo Flores
Méndez, 09/72/02; Titus
Flores Morales, 09/72/19; Estela Flores Patiño, sf; José Luis Flores Patiño, sf;
Pablo Flores Patiño, 09/72/24;
Antonio Flores Radilla, 74; Arturo Flores Rodríguez, 74/-/-; Eladio Flores Serafín,
08/74/23; Jose Luis Flores
Serafin, 08/74/18; Benito Flores Silva, 01/75/16; Hilda Flores Solís, 05/71/01;
Jorge Flores Valdéz, 05/67/17;
Eliseo Flores Vázquez, 09/74/-; Sixto Flores Vázquez, 12/71/27; Marcelino Flores
Zamora, 06/72/25;
Marcelino Flores Zamora, 09/74/01; Agripina Flores, 03/74/24; Aurelio Flores, sf;
Juan Flores, 74/10/-;
Miguel Flores, 10/60/20; Fidencio Fortunato De la Rosa, 11/72/07; Guillermo Fox
Sánchez, 04/74/23;
Manuel Fraga Ponce, 74/10/-; Sabino Fraga Ponce, 08/74/18; María Teresa
Franco Vega, 10/74/16; Hyginius
Frías Ríos, 10/66/08; Nicomedes Fuentes García, 03/74/26; Javier Fuentes
Gutiérrez, 07/67/13; Enrique
Fuentes Martínez, 74/-/-; Julio Fuentes Martínez, 11/74/13; Hilario Fuentes Núñez,
74/-/-; Elba Fuentes
Organist, 12/74/10; Guillermo Gabriel Sotelo, 08/75/19; Juan Galarza Antúnez,
05/69/-; Leticia Galarza
Fields, 01/78/05; Santos Galarza Millán, 06/69/03; Jesús Manuel Galaviz Navarro,
79/04; Francisco Galaz
Silva, 12/73/01; Julio Galeado Romero See Julio Galindo Romero, sf; Isidro
Galeana Abarca, sf; Albert
Galeana de Jesús, 08/74/21; Doroteo Galeana de Jesús, 10/74/15; Trinidad
Galeana Iturio, 11/74/-; Guadeloupe
Galeana Marín, sf; Joel Galeana Santiago, 12/73/31; Magdaleno or Eleno Galeana
Vázquez, 08/74/24; Benedict
Galeana, sf; Carlos Galeana, sf; Teresa Galeana, sf; Francisco Ramiro Galindo
Durán, sf; Julio Galindo
Romero, 12/77/03; 'In utero' Gallangos Cabrera, 06/75/19; Avelino Francisco
Gallangos Cruz, 06/75/22;
Roberto Antonio Gallangos Cruz, 06/75/19; Fermín Gallardo Sorry, 10/60/20; José
Arturo Gallegos Nájera,
09/74/20; María Auxilio Galván, 04/77/15; Rubén Galván Mercado, 04/77/16;
Antonio Galvez Estrada,
05/67/16; Guadalupe José Gálvez, sf; Lucio Gámez Mendiola, 09/74/20; María
Dolores Gámiz García
Trevino, 05/73/06; Amalia Gámiz García, 05/73/06; Jacobo Gámiz García,
03/74/14; America Gaona
Esparza, 10/66/08; Rosalbina Garabito Elia, 01/72/17; Genaro Francisco Garay
González, 05/71/03; José
Trinidad Garay González, 04/74/-; José Jesús Garay, 74/-/-; Juan Bosco García
García de León, 10/73/26;
Carlos García Gutiérrez, sf; Tomás García Alcaraz, 10/66/08; Rolando García
Atondo, 02/67/26; Diego
García Bautista, sf; Manuel García Cabañas, 04/73/23; Miguel García Cabañas,
11/68/06; Isidro Garcia
Fields, 02/76/03; Luis Francisco García Castro, 08/77/28; Rosa Reynalda García
Celaya, 07/75/22;
Francisco García Chalma, 12/73/17; Alfonso García Corona, sf; Juan García
Costilla, 10/80/17; Juan García 49
Iron, 75/-/-; Liliana García Flores, sf; Melquiades García Flores, 08/75/20; José
Luis García García, 73/11/;
José Manuel Ramón García García, 08/74/28; Marciana García Gervasio, 06/71/-;
Rafael García Jacobo,
08/69/30; Ignacio García Jiménez, 12/62/30; Ascención García Juárez, 08/77/03;
Marcelino or Marcellus,
05/73/03,; Guillermo García López, 06/71/15; Juana Lidia García López, 06/71/15;
Marcelino Garcia
Martínez, 73/-/-; Miguel García Martínez, 11/71/24; Ricardo García Martínez,
08/74/13; Miguel Garcia
Matthew, 06/75/15; Beatríz García Medrano, 10/73/17; Salvador García Mejía,
10/66/08; Vicente Garcia
Moreno, sf; Israel García Nájera, 12/72/20; Juan García Nájera, sf; Heladio García
Ortiz, 08/75/06;
Constantino García Pablete, 08/76/30; Héctor García Persastegui, 10/66/08;
Austreberto García Painter or
Esteban Autstreberto, 08/74/25; Alfredo García Reyes, 10/66/08; Leonardo García
Reyes, 09/72/05; Irazoya
García Rito, 09/79/06; Roberto García Rivera, 06/73/19; Mario García Rodríguez,
03/74/27; Paulino Garcia
Sandoval, 09/72/02; Leonardo García Téllez, 10/72/04; Mauro or Mario García
Téllez, 08/74/28; Ignatius
García Uribe, 10/66/08; Irineo García Valenzuela, 04/81/30; Feliciano García
Ventura, 09/73/26; Jose Garcia
Wenceslas, 75/-/-; Aureliano García Zamudio, 03/63/19; José Luis García Zepeda,
10/74/13; Carlos Garcia,
60/10/20; Cecilio García, 10/74/01; Flavio García, sf; Roberto García, sf; Santiago
García, 05/68/01; Javier
Garibay Garibay, 10/73/26; Delfino Garibay Ochoa, 10/66/08; Guadalupe Garibo,
04/71/30; Jacob
Garrbarzevich Elterman, n.d. Santiago Garrios, 07/75/02; Guadalupe Garza
Escobar, 06/77/24; José
Cuauhtemoc Gastelum Montaño, 02/74/23; Martín Gatica Nava, 08/72/28; Cirilo
Gatica Ramírez, 09/72/05;
Magdalena Gaxiola Calderón, 02/74/16; Oscar César Gaxiola Murillo, 02/78/15;
Juan Antonio Gaytan
Aguirre, 09/68/11; Laura Gaytán Saldívar, 04/79/09; Oscar Javier Gaytán Saldívar,
09/74/04; Barry Martin
Geller Rosenberg, 09/71/22; Antonio Gershenson Tafelov, 12/67/05; Rafaela
Gervasio Barrientos,
74/10/25ò74/11/25; Octaviano Gervasio Benítez, 06/74/26; Adelina Gervasio
Galeana, 76/-/-; Antipeter
Gervasio Sánchez, 01/76/13; Napoleon Glockner Carreto, 02/74/20; Esteban
Godínez Flores, 10/78/21; Juan
Manuel Godinez López, 06/77/22; Adolfo Godoy Cabañas, 12/71/27; Felícito or
Felícitas Godoy Cabañas,
10/71/27; Marcial Godoy Cabañas, 08/72/30; Rodolfo Godoy Rosas, 04/74/23;
Andrés Gómez Balanzar,
11/74/18; Alma Gómez Caballero, 10/73/26; Bernardo Gómez Abarca, 08/74/25;
Leonardo Gómez Abarca,
74/-/-; Camilo Gómez Adame, 76/-/-; Guillermo Gómez Alcaraz, 10/66/08; Elías
Gómez Álvarez, 10/71/27;
Andrés Gómez Balanzar, 11/74/18; Daniel Gómez Baltazar, 11/74/18; José María
Gómez Buenrostro,
05/73/03; Herminia Gómez Carrasco, 10/73/26; Ramón Gómez Carrillo, 04/63/;
Carlos Gómez Conde, 75;
Antonio Gómez Díaz, sf; Celia Gómez Etzin, 74/-/-; Bernardo Gómez Figueroa,
04/72/20; Juan Gomez
Flowers, 04/75/15; Acacio Gómez Iturio, 12/77/03; Ramiro Gómez Juárez,
06/73/21; Juliana Gómez López,
74/-/-; Roberto Gómez López, 10/66/08; Francisco Gómez Magdaleno, 07/75/13;
Carlos Gómez Navarro, 71/;
Jesús Gómez Ochoa, 07/74/30; Eufrosina Gómez Peñaloza, 10/71/27; Armando
Gómez Pineda, 10/79/13;
Ricardo Gómez Radilla, 11/66/30; Tomás Gómez Radilla, 09/74/20; Venancia
Gómez Sánchez, 74/-/-;
Eugenio Gómez Serafín, 08/74/21; Ana María Gómez Valencia, 08/72/02; Esteban
Gómez Vallle, 75/-/-;
Lucino Gómez Vargas, 12/73/31; Ángel Gómez, 07/78/21; Juan Gomez, 75/-/-;
Leonardo Gómez, 08/74/22;
Dalila González Hernández, 09/74/27; Eufemio or Eugenio González Mancilla,
02/72/07; Aurora Gonzalez
Meza, 09/71/17; Carlos González Navarro, 03/71/16; Jacinto González Alfaro, sf;
Enrique Gonzalez
Cambron, 10/66/08; José González Carbajal, 04/76/11; Armando González
Carrillo, 03/71/16; Jose Luis
González Carrillo, 10/73/26; Crispin González Cornejo, 10/66/08; Alfredo González
Díaz, sf; Manuel
González Fuentes, 08/78/12; Guadalupe González Fuentes, 07/72/18; José
Natividad González Fuentes,
07/72/18; Dionisio González González, 05/74/26; Mario González González,
11/81/20; Jesus Gonzalez
Guajardo, 02/69/18; Sixto González Hernández, 08/75/19; Aparicio González
Juárez, 08/75/08; Oscar
González Juárez, 02/76/03; Andrés González Mancilla, 11/74/20; Aurora González
Meza, 09/71/11; Pablo
González Mirenda, 76/-/-; Hermilio González Mora, 02/74/19; Feliciano González
Morales, 03/76/24;
Patricia González Moreno, 11/76/18; Victorio González Radilla, 74/09/; Ignacio
González Ramírez, 10/80/18;
Ma Teresa González Rincón, 10/66/08; Antonio González Rosales, 77/-/-; Antonio
González Severiano, sf;
Reyna González Vázquez, sf; Benito González, 04/73/24; Melitón González, sf;
Rubén González, 08/73/21;
Sixto González, 74/-/-; Pedro Gorgonio Santiago, 74/10ò11; Francisco Gorostiola
Toriz, 08/76/29; Octavian
Grecio, sf; Pedro Gregorio Santiago, sf; José Gregorio Tlatino, sf; Ángel Gregrorio
Gómez, sf; Abelard
Grijalba Otero, 02/67/26; Álvaro Guadarrama Reyes, 01/72/19; Gerardo
Guadarrama Alcántara, 83/11/-;
Tomás Gudiño Dircio, 07/74/30; Antonio Gudiño, sf; Héctor Guerra Reyes,
10/66/08; Francisco Guerrero
Adame, 09/68/30; Leopoldo not Leonardo Guerrero Adame, 05/71/04; Ernesto
Guerrero Arrieta, 10/74/13;
Enrique Guerrero García Dueñas, 10/66/08; Gloria Guerrero Gómez, 09/74/20;
Leobardo Guerrero González,
12/71/20; Ana María Guerrero Parada, sf; Rosa Elena Guerrero Parada, sf; Hilario
Guerrero, 08/75/19;
Andrés Guillén Lombera, sf; José Guillén, sf; Gerardo Gurrola Zamora, 10/80/14;
Bertha Lilia Gutiérrez
Campos, sf; Efrén Gutiérrez Borja or Efrén Gutiérrez Borjes, 12/71/27; Juan José
Gutiérrez Elizondo, sf; Caesar 50
Gutiérrez Flores, 06/71/15; J Natividad Gutiérrez Fuentes, 73/-/-; José Guadalupe
Gutiérrez Fuentes, 74/-/-;
María Teresa Gutiérrez Hernández, 01/82/12; César Gutiérrez López, 07/71/15;
José Gutiérrez Martínez,
02/72/10; José Alberto Gutierrez Pérez, 76/-/-; Elmer Gutiérrez Rodríguez,
06/74/05; Jesús J Gutiérrez Sierra,
03/71/16; Salomón Gutiérrez, 06/72/25o72/07/02; Adenabe Solon Guzmán Cruz,
08/74/; Amafer Guzman
Cross, 07/74/16; Armando Guzmán Cruz, 07/74/19; Venustiano Guzmán Cruz,
74/07/; Guzman Hospice
Cortes, 09/74/01; Alejandro Guzmán Díaz, 07/70/17; Félix Guzmán Fierro,
10/77/22; German Guzman
Herrera, 05/77/08; José de Jesús Guzmán Jiménez, 07/74/22; Ernesto Guzmán
López, 10/77/20; Feliciano
Guzmán Peralta, 71; Víctor Guzmán Peralta, sf; Rosa Clara Helguera, 10/66/08;
Pedro Helguera Jiménez,
04/85/01; María de Jesús Heredia Cervantes, 06/78/21; Ángel Juan Heredia
Espinosa, sf; Carlos Hermosillo
González, 03/80/20; Silvia Hernández Andrade, 08/74/28; Andrés Hernández
Arellano, 11/74/22; José
Guadalupe Hernández Aurelio, 05/78/17; Edmundo Hernández Borrego, 09/77/21;
Francisco Hernandez
Cano, 74/04; Jerónimo Hernández Casarrubias, sf; Guadalupe Hernández Castillo,
11/74/22; Adelaide
Hernández Castro, 07/71/11; Paulino Hernández Cerecedo, 05/74/17; Tiburcio
Hernández Cornejo, 12/62/30;
Manuel Hernández Deraz, 09/77/22; Sonia Hernández Escobedo, 77/-/-; Javier
Hernández Espejo, 10/72/05;
Cirino Hernández Flores, sf; Estanislao Hernández García, 03/74/26; Ezequiel
Hernández García, 10/66/08;
Gabino Hernández Girón, 05/67/18; Pedro Hernández Gómez, 02/75/04; Elia
Hernandez Hernandez
Castañeda, 03/71/16; Antonio Hernández Hernández, 07/78/18; Blanca Hernández
Hernández, 76; Cross
Hernandez Hernandez, 03/81/12; Jesús Hernández Hernández, 10/80/14;
Santiago Hernández Hernández, sf;
Francisco Hernández Hinojosa, 69; Julio Hernández Hinojosa, 05/70/18; Marcos
Hernández Joaquin, sf;
Antonio Hernández Limón, 05/67/17; Héctor Hernández Maciel, 03/77/21;
Diógenes Hernández Martínez, sf;
Agustín Hernández Obispo, 12/62/30; Marilú Hernández Ochoa, 10/66/08;
Eduardo Hernandez Pacheco,
10/66/08; Francisco Hernández Padrón, 11/81/06; Félix Hernández Pineda,
03/78/04; Luis Hernandez Pineda,
10/66/08; Ascención Hernández Radilla, 74/-/-; Edito Hernández Radilla, sf;
Octavio Hernández Ramírez,
10/78/25; Plácido Hernández Ramírez, 09/74/13 or 09/76/13; Josafat Hernández
Ríos, 05/70/15; Santiago
Hernández Ríos, 09/74/08; Juan Hernández Rivera, 04/71/23; Macario Hernández
Rivera, sf; Martin
Hernández Rodríguez, 01/79/09; Agustín Hernández Rosales, 11/74/20; Roberto
Hernández Sánchez,
05/74/24; Juan Hernandez Torres, 77/-/-; Plácido Hernández Valente, 09/77/13;
Francisco Hernandez Valle,
05/71/05; José Isabel Hernández Valle, 11/74/04; Camilo Hernández Vargas,
11/74/22; Eduardo Hernandez
Vargas, 04/78/29; Ángel Hernández, 07/74/19; Aurelio Guadalupe Hernández, sf;
Dionisio Hernández, sf;
Emeterio Hernández, 07/74/19; Florencio Hernández, sf; Julio Hernández,
04/71/11 and 06/72/25; Eleanor
Hernandez, 11/74/22; Manuel Hernández, sf; María Asunción Hernández,
01/72/13; Mario Hernández, sf;
Miguel Hernández, 05/70/01; Raúl Hernández, 07/66/27; Reyes Ignacio Herrera
Aguirre, 05/78/24; Angel
Manuel Herrera Álvarez, 07/77/29; Ignacio Tranquilino Herrera Sánchez, 07/76/01;
Juan de Dios Herrera
Sánchez, 07/76/01; Joel Herrera, 12/76/18; Gilberto Higareda, 09/73/25; Vicente
Higinio Ortiz, 74/10/-; Efren
Hilario Marín, 12/76/28; Felipe Hincapie Alvarado, 10/66/08; Alicia Hinojosa García,
09/73/27; Martha
Hinostrosa Hurtado, 08/74/29; Jesús Hipólito Caballero, 06/71/-; Simón Hipólito
Castro, 08/75/04; Emiliano
Hipólito Martínez, 10/74/07; Antonio Hipólito Nava, 05/74/01; Jesús Hipólito
Rebolledo, 05/71/06; Pedro
Hipólito Salgado, 06/73/19; Gustavo Hirales Morán, 09/73/06; Sixto Huerta Castro,
09/74/08; Gonzalo
Hurtado Tovar, 10/66/08; Guillermo Ibañez González, sf; Crisoforo Ibañez Ureña,
10/66/08; Aidé Ibares
Castro, sf; Raymundo Ibarra Valenzuela, 02/72/07; Armando Iracheta Lozano,
08/74/17; Vicente Iráis
Sánchez, 12/71/03; José Manuel Iren Téllez, 06/69/07; Valente Irena Estrada,
11/72/11; Juan Islas Martínez,
09/74/20; Arcadio Iturbe Hernández, 06/75/18; Armando Iturio Barrientos, 11/76/18;
Jacinto Iturio de Jesús,
08/77/21; Margarito Iturio de Jesús, sf; Severiano Iturio de Jesús, 74/-/-; Benita
Iturio Fierro, 11/76/18; Julian
Iturio Fierro, 11/76/18; Ramón Iturio Fierro, 11/76/28; Armando Iturio Martínez,
04/75/24; Trinidad Iturio
Martínez, sf; Marciana Iturio Serafín, 10/71/27; Florentino Iturio, 11/74/25; Oscar
Federico Izassi Caballero,
08/74/19; Rito Izazaga García, 09/74/06; Carlos Jacinto Galeana, 07/74/26; José
Trinidad Jacinto Iturio,
07/77/23; Silverio Jacinto Trinidad, sf; Ignacio Jacobo Olivares, 10/66/08; José Luis
Jaime Montalvo or
Montano, 02/67/26; Fernando Jaimes Blanco, sf; Gonzalo Jaimes Blanco,
07/72/18; Gonzálo Jaimes Chávez,
08/72/03; Zohelio Jaimes Chávez, 07/72/18; Florentino Jaimes Hernández,
11/71/24; Lucio Jaimes Radilla,
12/74/22; José Jaimes Rodríguez, 02/73/08; José Guadalupe Jaramillo Lozano,
02/67/26; 'N' Javier, 73;
Magdaleno Jerónimo Sánchez, 02/73/08; Leonardo Jiménez Alvarado, 75/07/;
María Elisa Jiménez Alvarado,
sf; Victoria Jiménez Alvarado, sf; Leovigildo Jiménez Flores, 09/73/25; David
Jiménez Fragoso, 05/75/07;
Martin Jiménez García, 08/82/04; Gonzálo Jiménez Hernández, 10/73/27; Ma
Isabel Jiménez Hernández,
10/72/04; Rafael Jiménez Jiménez, 02/67/26; María Concepción Jiménez Rendón,
04/78/20; Rosendo
Jiménez Reyes, sf; Alejandro Jiménez Sarmiento, 08/77/18; Antonio Jiménez
Sarmiento, 08/77/18; Carlos
Jiménez Sarmiento, 10/72/25; Francisco Modesto Jiménez, 76/-/-; María Isabel
Jiménez, 72/-/-; Jacinto José 51
Garcia, 10/74/11; Simón José García, 05/75/28; Wenceslao José García, 10/74/23;
Jorge Joseph Piedra, 62/-/-;
Gonzalo Juan Hernández, 10/73/13; Juan Guillermo Juangorena Tamayo,
04/78/21; Delfino Juárez Adame,
05/71/06; Carmelo Juárez Bello, 09/74/20; Gonzalo Juárez Cabañas, 10/73/09;
Joaquín Juárez Cabañas,
03/74/08; Irineo Juárez Castro, 08/70/05; Marcial Juárez Castro, 05/71/12; Jacinto
Juárez Fierro, sf; Lucino or
Lucio Juárez Fierro, 09/74/09; Celedonio Juárez García, 10/60/20; Rogelio Juárez
Godoy, 02/71/01; Gonzalo
Juárez Hernández, 10/73/27; Ascención Juárez Juárez, 08/77/03; Cutberto
Eduardo Juárez Juárez, 08/77/03;
Eduardo Juárez Juárez, 08/77/05; Enrique Juárez Lucas, 08/70/02; Lucino Juárez
Ramos, sf; Edmundo Judith
Painter, 10/66/08; Juan Justos Torres, 05/71/07; Jaime Laguna, 05/80/13; Patricia
Lara Contreras, 12/77/17;
Alfredo Lara de Lira, 02/72/01; Luis Lara Solorio, 10/60/20; Amado Larumbe
Vázquez, sf; Jose Laurel
Manzanares, 06/71/28; Antonio Lázaro Diego, sf; Maurilio Lázaro Salgado,
01/63/26; Santos Lázaro, sf;
Nicolás Lean Hernández, 09/77/16; Mirna Ledgard León, 02/74/19; Pedro Lemus
Robles, 01/71/09; Pedro
Lemus Villegas, sf; Gilberto León Chávez, sf; Héctor Arnoldo León Díaz, 04/77/25;
J Israel León Flores,
01/77/09; Luis León Mendiola, 12/71/16; René León Ríos, 02/67/26; Ernesto León
Zempoaltecatl, 10/72/25;
Trinidad María León Zempoaltecatl, 05/75/07; Dimas Leonardo Barragán, sf;
Miguel Lerma Camargo,
06/74/04; Rómulo Leyva Camacho, 01/80/08; Isidro Leyva Fierro, 12/77/14; José
Leyva Fierro, 09/78/05;
Pablo Leyva Flores, 07/72/2-25; Alicia Estela Leyva Garduño,
12/73/27o/y74/03/11; Gregorio Leyva
Vinalay, 06/76/09; Crispin Lezama Martínez, sf; Tomás Licea Hernández, sf; Joel
Lima Flores, 02/72/01;
Domingo Linares López, 09/72/24; Jesús Linares Olguín, 07/71/16; Ana Lilia
Lizardi Meza, 02/74/19; Dimas
Llanes Arreola, 74/-/-; Martina Llanes Arreola, sf; Pablo Llanes Arreola, 74/-/-;
Antonio Llanes Díaz,
12/77/31; Santana Llanes Noriega, 74/-/-; Guadalupe Llanes Ocaña, 03/74/05;
Avelino Llanes Ponciano or
Avelino Yáñez Ponciano, 01/78/01; Antonio Llanes Rosales, 74/-/-; Matilde Llanes
Vázquez, 09/74/-;
Santiago Longares Guillén, 05/74/02; Adalberto Loperena Martínez, 73/11/; Marco
Antonio López, 10/66/08;
Filiberto López Arrellano, sf; J Guadalupe López Arteaga, 12/62/30; Procopio
López Arteaga, 12/62/30; Raul
López Ayala, 11/74/20; Sostenes López Cienfuegos, 04/73/23; Isidora López
Correa, 10/73/29; Victor
Manuel López Cruz, 07/60/31; Marco Antonio López de Jesús, 09/77/06; Saúl
López de la Torre, 11/74/20;
Raymundo López del Carpio, 02/69/-; Esteban López Espinoza, 05/77/02; Bertha
Alicia López García
Zazueta, 04/79/09; Berta Alicia López García, 04/79/09; Henry López Gaytán,
06/76/15; Fidel López Gómez,
74/-/-; Pablo López Gómez, 74/-/-; Paulina López Gómez, 74/-/-; Gladys
Guadalupe López Hernández,
09/71/19; Juan José López Macías, 10/66/08; Rubén López Maldonado, 10/66/08;
Nicolás López Martínez,
06/69/07; Raúl López Melendez, sf; Issac López Molina, 05/84/05; Pedro López
Morales, 09/72/26; Lopez
Narios See Gabriel Nario López, sf; Manuel López Navarrete, 02/72/02; Rául
López Núñez, 01/80/08; Juan
López Rasgado, 12/81/03; José Fernando López Rodríguez, 04/78/04; Benito
López Rosas, sf; Juan Lopez
Rosas, sf; Simón López Rosas, sf; José López Ruíz, 10/66/08; Miguel López Ruiz,
05/67/16; Araceli Lopez
Sanchez, 74/-/-; Fernando López Sánchez, 74/-/-; Karla Hilaria López Sánchez,
74/-/-; Miguel Angel Lopez
Sanchez, 74/-/-; Patricia López Sánchez, 74/-/-; Sergio Alejandro López Sánchez,
74/-/-; Victor Manuel
López Sánchez, 74/-/-; Mario López Sandoval, 02/72/12; Jaime López Sollano,
06/78/17; Ramon Eduardo
López Valencia, 02/67/26; David López Valenzuela, 09/74/27; Andrés López
Velazco, 12/62/30; Enrique
Lopez, 05/71/19; Guadalupe López, sf; Sergio López, 09/72/02; Carlos Rigoberto
Lorence López, 11/74/20;
Carlos Lorenzo Llanes, 75/-/-; Paula Loza Flores, sf; Florentino Loza Patiño,
07/77/30; Pablo Loza Patiño,
08/74/26; Lucía Lozano Adán, 12/76/15; Pedro José Lozano Cantú, 04/78/05;
Alejandro Lozano Flores, sf;
Francisco Lozano Pérez, 10/73/26; Eleuterio or Victorio Lozano, 04/71/28; Diego
Lucero Martínez, 01/72/15;
Héctor Lucero Martínez, 01/72/15; Eleuterio Lugardo Benítez, 12/71/19; Florencio
Lugo Hernandez,
07/71/15; Marcelo Luna Aguirre, 07/60/31; Francisco Luna Dorantes, 08/75/30;
Ponciano Luna Peralta,
02/70/09; Rubén Machi Serrano, 03/74/22; Roberto Mada Andrade, 02/67/26;
Peace Wood Candlestick,
01/72/14; Ignacio Mario Madrazo Navarro, 11/74/10; Francisco Madrigal Acosta,
09/75/09; Jesus Madrigal
Garcia, 10/66/08; Ricardo Madrigal Sahagún, 04/77/15; Severiano Magaña Flores,
04/71/26; Pedro Magana
Ruíz, 04/71/26; Margarita Maldonado Ochoa, 09/74/02; Magdalena Maldonado
Pineda, sf; Benjamin
Maldonado Santos, 02/78/27; Rogelio Maldonado Valencia, 05/76/03; Adolfo Atilio
Malvigni Gilly, sf;
Reynaldo Manjarez Molina, 07/77/30; Sergio Manjarrez Zepeda, 06/74/16; Benito
Manrique Jiménez,
09/72/02; Carlos Manrique Jiménez, 09/72/05; Eleuterio Manzanares Arellano,
08/70/02; Eduardo Manzano
Muñoz, 77/; Luis Enrique Marciel Rodríguez, sf; Alejandro Mares Montaño,
01/78/04-01/78/05; Jesus of
Maria, 09/71/17; Sabino Marino Maldonado, 06/73/19; Adsalam Márquez Estrada,
10/66/08; Marcellin
Márquez Martínez, 09/73/06; Julio Cesar Márquez Meza, 02/74/23; Francisco
Javier Márquez Pérez,
08/77/19; Martin 'N', 62/-/; Sergio Martín Arrieta, 01/72/14; Emigdio Martínez,
10/73/20; Teresa Berber
Martínez Anaya, sf; Fidel Martínez Arriaga, 77/-/-; Gaudencio Martínez Barrientos,
08/74/07; Diogenes
Martínez Bernal, 09/75/01; Eugenio Martínez Bravo, 02/72/09; Ángel Martínez
Cabañas, sf; Aurelio Martínez 52
Cabins, 11/74/14; Gabino Martínez Campos, 11/76/18; María Martínez Cervantes,
10/66/08; Xitlali
Martínez Cervantes, 10/66/08; Mario Martínez Chávez, 11/81/20; Lazaro Martínez
Corona, 05/77/17; Pink
María Martínez Córtes, 10/66/08; Jerónimo Martínez Díaz, 09/71/12; Jerónimo
Martínez Díaz, 78; Seferino
Martínez Díaz, 01/77/08; Fidencio Martínez Fierro (†), 09/72/02; Arturo Martínez
Galindo, 10/71/27; Daniel
Martínez García, 01/75/15; Marcelino Martínez García, 04/73/25; Juan Martínez
Gervasio, 74/-/-; Isaiah
Martínez Gómez, 08/75/19; Ramón Martínez Gómez, 09/72/05; Simón Martínez
Gómez, 06/72/30; Tayde
Martínez Gómez, 12/76/18; Villado Martínez Gómez, 06/72/25; Benito Martínez
Jiménez, 09/72/05;
Martiniano Martínez Linares, 74/-/-; María Martínez Maldonado, 02/72/02; Ezequiel
Martínez Mayares,
09/72/02; Francisco Martínez Mayares, 09/72/05; Gregorio Martínez Mayares,
09/72/05; Victor Manuel
Martínez Maytorena, 02/67/26; Nemorio Martínez Neri, 11/76/18; Genaro Martínez
Nicanor, 05/71/14;
Josefina Martínez Ocaranza, 10/66/08; Ramón Martínez Ocaranza, 10/66/08; Jil
Martínez Pérez, sf; Misael
Martínez Pérez, 03/78/07; Villado Martínez Rojas, 08/71/14; Jesús Martínez
Valeriano, sf; Victor Martinez
Vargas, 09/72/05; Fidel Martínez Vázquez, 05/71/01; Norma Martínez Watanabe,
06/75/23; [Alber]Tano
Martínez, 69 or 71; Calixto Martínez, 69 or 71; Doroteo Martínez, 74/-/-; Efrén
Martínez, 69ó71; Emigdio
Martínez, 10/73/20; Hilario Martínez, 11/71/24; Miguel Javier Martínez, 11/71/24;
Silverio Martínez, 69 or 71;
Sergio Arturo Mata Cano, 10/66/08; Delfino Mata Castro, 12/78/14; Roberto or
Norberto Mata Cebrián,
06/74/07; Filemón Mata Téllez, 06/74/07; Pedro Mata Téllez, 06/74/07; Carmelo
Mata, 74/-/-; Jose Mateos
Paramo, 10/66/08; José Máximo Villegas, 10/66/08; Francisco Maya, 08/75/01;
Luis Maya Valerio, 10/66/08;
Jesús Reyes Mayoral Jáuregui, 08/77/23; Fortunato Mazón, 05/67/15; Prisciliano
Medina Mojica, sf; Javier
Medina Chávez, 10/66/08; Miguel Angel Medina Romero, 02/67/26; Carlos Alberto
Medina Seville,
06/69/07; Octavio Medina Valenzuela, 02/74/19; Alfonso Santiago Medina Vicaíno,
05/78/24; Jose Alfredo
Medina Viscaíno, 05/78/24; Pedro Medrano Medero, 09/73/27; Luis Medrano
Moreno, 10/66/08; Andrew
Mejía, 09/74/27; Otilio Mejía Gutiérrez, 12/62/30; Ángel Mejía Nuñez, 11/72/07;
José Melgar Martínez,
10/76/21; Guillermo Mena Rivera, 01/76/29; 'Nonato' Mena Torres, 01/76/31;
Maximino Mencías Leyva,
02/72/02; María de Jesús Méndez Alvarado, 09/71/13; Santiago Méndez Bailón,
12/71/27; Jose Guadalupe
Méndez Cortez, 10/66/08; Francisco Méndez Gómez, 74/-/-; Rodrigo Méndez
Jiménez, 09/72/05; Laura
Méndez Ramírez, 02/72/21; Juan Manuel Mendivil González, 81/11/; Nicandro
Mendoza Patiño, 09/56/28;
Antonio Mendoza, 04/79/09; Víctor Mendoza Chávez, 78/08; Jesús Mendoza
Elizalde, 05/78/22o23; Juan
Carlos Mendoza Galos, 12/81/30; David Jesús Mendoza Gaytán, 07/71/15; Rubén
Mendoza Lemus, 10/66/08;
Joel Mendoza Maciel, sf; Vicente Mendoza Martínez, 05/78/20; Carlos Mendoza
Moises, 76/-/-; José
Mendoza Moreno, 04/78/21; Carmelo Mendoza Ocampo, 09/74/20; Nicandro
Mendoza Patiño, 09/56/28;
Oscar Roma Mendoza Robles, 03/66/06o16; Mario Mendoza Roque, 12/78/08ó18;
Raúl Oscar Ramón
Mendoza Salgado, 03/66/16; Antonio Mendoza Sánchez, 79/04; Victor Mendoza
Sánchez, 06/75/23; Maria
Mendoza, 10/60/20; Mario Renato Menéndez Rodríguez, 02/70/12; Francisco
Mercado Espinoza, 02/77/10;
Raúl Mercado Martínez, 04/77/06; José Luis Mercado Roque, 10/66/08; Lorenzo
Merino Ávila, 10/66/08;
Alberto Mesino Acosta, 07/74/18; Feliciano Mesino Aguilar, sf; Filemón Mesino
Aguilar, 07/74/30; Jerome
Mesino Barrientos, sf; Agapito Mesino Benítez, 72/06ò07/02ò25; Esteban Mesino
Castillo, 74/-/-; Heron
Mesino Galicia, sf; Julio Mesino Galicia, 10/74/10; Ernesto Mesino Lezma,
74/07/13 or 74/08/18; Esteban
Mesino Martínez, 74/-/-; Juana or Irma Mesino Serafín, 11/76/18; Juvencio Mesino,
sf; Martín Mesino, sf;
Andrés Meza Arias, 09/74/27; Saúl Meza Enríquez, 12/77/20; Jerónimo Meza
Heraclio, 10/66/08; Sunday
Meza Valdovinos, sf; Julio César Meza, 03/74/07; Luis Michel Ramírez, 10/66/08;
Joel Orlando Miguel
Anaya, 09/77/21; Rodríguez Miguel Corvera, 10/66/08; Graciela María Mijares
López, 02/72/26; Thomas
Millán Castro, 78/-/-; Felipe Angel Millán García, 08/77/19; Armida Miranda,
11/81/07; Mauricio Miranda
Gastelum, 04/81/29; Arturo Miranda Ramírez, 10/78/10; Gelasio Miranda Ramírez,
sf; Jose Ascencion
Miranda Ramírez, sf; Elvira Armida Miranda Verdugo, 11/81/20; Andrés
Moctezuma Gracida, 05/71/19;
Raymundo Mojica Jaimes, 63/04/; Mariano Molina Rodríguez, 09/56/28; Emilia
Molina Bahena, 07/77/30;
Fidencio Molina Lozano, 11/74/22; Rodolfo Molina Martínez, 04/74/11;
Cuauhtémoc Molina Mendoza,
02/73/23; Heliodoro Mondragón Medina, 10/74/20; Hector Monroy, 05/67/17;
Leticia María Monserrat,
09/77/18; Antonio Montañez Hernández, 08/74/28; Oscar Montiel Nava, sf; Cruz
Elena Montoya Ortíz,
08/74/28; Ma De la Luz Mora Ponce, 10/66/08; Jaime Mora López, 10/66/08;
Aurelio Morales Blanco,
09/72/02; Josefina Morales Campos, sf; Fernando Morales Galeana, 08/74/25;
Petronilo Morales Galeana,
08/74/25; Gumercindo Morales García, 09/72/02; Luis Morales García, sf; Abelardo
Morales Gervasio,
11/74/11; Donaciano Morales Gervasio, 07/74/13; Eloy Morales Gervasio, 74/-/-;
Flavio Morales Gervasio,
74/-/-; Lorenzo Morales Gervasio, 05/71/28; Obdulio Morales Gervasio, 05/71/28;
Raymundo Morales
Gervasio, 07/74/13; Laurencio Morales González, sf; José Morales Ledesma,
10/66/08; Flavio Morales
Leguideño, 09/74/23; Raúl Morales Loeza, 11/73/19; Delia Cirila Morales López,
75/05; Abel Morales 53
Martínez, 08/75/19; Jesús Morales Mondragón, sf; David Morales Moreno,
12/72/20; Dario Morales
Navarrete, 09/72/02; Mario Morales Navarrete, 09/72/08; Alejandro Morales
Ontiveros, sf; Jesus Morales
Pérez, 10/66/08; Abelina Morales Piza, 09/72/03; Clemente Morales Piza, 72/09/;
Eliseo Morales Piza,
09/72/03; Guillermo Morales Piza, 09/72/03; Hipólito Morales Piza, 09/72/02;
Rogaciano Morales Reyes,
10/66/08; Aeropagito Morales Salas, 09/72/05; Blas Morales Salas, 09/72/05;
Miguel Morales Salas,
09/72/05; Fermin Morales Soto, 10/66/08; Miguel Angel Morales Valerio, 09/77/08;
Enedino Morales
Vargas, 09/72/02; Eusebio Morales Vargas, sf; Raúl Sergio Morales Villarreal,
02/74/20; Pedro Morales
Vinalay, 09/72/05; Feliciano Morales See Feliciano González Morales, sf;
Francisco Morales, 08/75/19;
Rutilo Morales, 09/72/02; Margarito Morán Chávez, 08/74/16; Rolando Morán Orta,
02/73/01; Guadeloupe
Moreno Arroto, sf; Charity of Monserrat Moreno Díaz, 09/74/27; Francisco Moreno
Galvez, 73/-/-;
Encarnación Moreno González, 07/75/05; Laurencio Moreno González, 07/75/05;
Leonides Moreno
González, 68/-/-; Cutberto Moreno Lucero, 08/74/15; Gonzalo Moreno Lucero,
08/74/15 to 08/75/15; Raúl or
Saúl Moreno Lucero, 11/73/25; Ángel Moreno Morales, 01/75/16; Guillermo
Moreno Nolasco, 09/71/10;
Olegario Moreno Pérez, 76/-/-; Rogelio Moreno Rebolledo, 09/74/24; Ángel
Moreno Ríos, 10/74/10; Pablo
Moreno Ríos, 10/74/14; Rocío Moreno Vargas, 09/74/20; Alberto Moreno,
04/71/26; Apolinar Moreno,
05/70/01; Margarito Moreno, 05/70/01; Tilano Moreno, 05/70/01; Pedro Miguel
Morón Chiclayo, 05/74/23;
Jorge Mota González, 01/72/22-24; Felipe de Jesús Mota Hernández, 02/72/09;
Alejandro Mota, 01/72/15;
Delfino Mota, 10/60/20; Guadalupe Mota, 01/72/15; Lucas Moyado Pastor,
09/72/02; Leoncio Mujica
Cherry, 07/75/18; Roberto Ignacio Mújica Díaz, 07/75/18; Daniel Mulia Cabrera,
08/74/19o17; Ramon
Muñiz López, 10/66/08; Rosendo Muñoz Colomo, 01/72/15; Margarita Muñoz
Conde, 01/72/30; Miguel
Muñoz Serna, 02/72/01; Pedro Muñoz Serna, 08/76/16; Francisco Muñoz
Vázquez, 09/72/02; William
Muñoz Velazco, sf; Martha Juventina Murillo Ramírez de, 09/83/20; Felipa de
Jesús Múzquiz Olivas,
09/78/04; N' Isabel, 74/-/-; N' Laura, 75/-/-; Berenice Nàjera Cabañas, 04/73/25;
José Nájera Crispín,
08/72/16; Jacob Nájera Hernández, 09/74/02; Miguel Nájera Nava, 05/73/03;
Gregorio Naranjo Vázquez,
74/08/-; Gabriel Nario López, 08/74/11; Pascual Nario López, 08/74/11; Martín
Nario Oranes ú Organes, 74;
Elda Narvaez Flores, 04/79/09; Jesús Nava Arredondo, 10/66/08; Obdulio Nava
Fierro, 74/-/-; José or Juan
Nava Hernández, 04/72/20; Elías Nava Hipólito, 08/74/20; Esteban Nava Hipólito,
08/75/20; Leobardo Nava
Hippolytus, 08/74/20; Macario Nava Hipólito, 08/75/20; Maximiliano Nava Martínez
or 'Milio', 08/75/20; José
Nava Miranda, 02/76/06; Fredy Nava Ríos, 05/77/01; Baltazar Navarrete Aparicio,
08/74/24; Martial
Navarrete de la Paz, 12/74/10; Emilio Navarrete Fierro, sf; Octavio Navarrete
Gorjón, 09/77/16; Peace
Navarrete Hernández, sf; Hermilo Navarrete Hernández, 07/74/16; Javier
Navarrete Hernández, 12/74/02;
Abel Navarrete Jiménez, 08/76/-; Baltazar Navarrete Reyes, 07/74/11; Jorge
Navarrete Salazar, 02/74/19;
Hilario not Hilda Navarrete Yáñez, 08/72/03; Miguel Navarrete Yáñez, 08/72/03;
Atilano Navarrete, 10/60/20;
Ventura Navarrete, 10/60/20; Aurora de la Paz Navarro del Campo, 02/76/03;
María Olga Navarro Fierro,
05/77/08; Romualdo Navarro López, 05/71/19; Luz María Navarro Pérez, 10/66/08;
Felipe Nicpie Alvarado,
10/66/08; Adán Nieto Castillo, 07/67/20; David Noriega Medina, 03/71/17; Jacinto
Noriega Tabares see
Nicolás Tabares Noriega, sf; Germán Núñez Alva, 09/75/27; Adalberto Nuñez
Ramos, 10/66/08; Heriberto
Oaxaca Saldaña, 11/81/20; Cástulo Obispo Hernández, 12/62/30; Delfino Ocampo
Delgado, 07/66/27; Elvira
Ocampo Delgado, 11/76/11; Jesús Ocampo Fierro, 11/76/18; Elpidio Ocampo
Mancilla, 01/72/30; Richard
Ocampo Moronati, 06/75/18; Patricio Ocampo Sotero, 07/74/18; Isaías Ocampo,
11/66/22; J Nativity
Ocampo, 10/60/20; Ubaldo Ochoa Loza, sf; Ubaldo Ochoa Morales, 08/74/18;
Alberto Ochoa Ortíz,
08/75/01; José Alberto Ochoa Ortíz, 75/06; Maritza Ochoa Ortíz, 08/75/01; Rafael
Ochoa Quintana, 04/81/29;
Clara Elmira Ochoa Valdes, 10/66/08; David Olascoaga, 10/60/20; Rafael Olea
Castaneyra, 11/71/28; Adauto
Olea Hernández, 08/74/19; José Olea Peñaloza, sf; Adauta (Asención) Olea
Radilla, sf; Adalberto Olea, sf; He
son of Roberto Olea, 63; José Ignacio Olivares Torres, 02/74/11; Jesús Olivera
Calleja, 07/70/17; Roman
Onesimo Urioste, 08/75/19; Antonio Onofre Barrientos, 09/72/03; Abundio Onofre
Campos, 09/74/01; Juan
Onofre Campos, 09/74/01; Santiago Onofre Campos, 09/74/01; Antonio Onofre
Gervasio, sf; Felipe Onofre
Gomez, 05/71/14; Juan Facundo Onofre Gómez, 09/72/19; Antonio Onofre
Gudiño, 08/75/19; Miguel Onofre
Reyna, 04/72/22; Demóstenes Onofre Valdovinos, 69/02/; Alberto Onorio
Barrientos See Albertano Onofre
Gomez, 06/72/26; Jorge Ontiveros, 05/67/15; Valentín Ontiveros Abarca, 04/77/11;
Carlos Orduña Mejía,
12/62/30; Jesús Orduña Mejía, 11/66/22; Juan Organista Lozano, sf; Esteban
Organista Zamora, 11/74/11;
Joaquina Organist Zamora, 11/74/-; Saúl Ornelas Gómez, 01/67/07; Pedro Orozco
Guzmán, 12/73/26;
Antonio Orozco Michel, 04/77/10; Elias Orozco Salazar, sf; Samuel Orozco Sital,
04/74/23; Erendira Orozco
Vega, 10/73/26; Marisol Orozco Vega, 77/-/-; Martha Hilda Ortega, 10/66/08;
Silvestre Ortega Cortés,
08/83/20; Martín Ortega, 09/74/01; Erasmo Ortiz Alfaro, 10/66/08; Guadalupe Ortíz
Arreola, 74/-/-; Cuthbert
Ortíz Cabañas, 03/74/08; German Ortíz Cardenas, 10/66/08; Vicente Higinio Ortiz
Nava, 08/74/22; Cuthbert 54
Ortiz Ocampo, 09/74/13; Gilberto Ortiz Ocampo, 10/73/27; Mario Alberto Ortíz
Vallejo, 07/74/20; Pedro
Ortíz Verónica, 08/74/15; José María Ignacio Ortiz Vides, 09/82/01; Aurio Ortiz,
10/73/09; Berna Ortiz,
07/74/19; Jaime Osante Carrera, 10/66/08; Juan Osante Carrera, 10/66/08; Jaime
Oseguera Herrera, 10/66/08;
Edna Ovalle Rodríguez, 11/72/07; Manuel de Jesús Ovilla Mandujano, 10/66/08;
Constantino Pablete García,
08/76/30; Jesús Daniel Padilla, 02/67/26; Agustín Padilla Lira de, 01/72/15;
Rebeca Padilla Rivera and her son
newborn, 04/76/10; Benjamín Palacios Hernández, 74/11; Alfonso Palma Ramírez,
07/74/12; Mario
Panduro Rodríguez, sf; Francisco Pano Baltazar, 09/72/02; Bibiano Pano Del Río,
08/72/02; Victor Paredes
Flowers, 10/60/20; José Francisco Paredes Ruíz, 80; Jerónimo Parra Barrientos,
08/72/27; Ana Maria Parra
Key, 04/79/12; Gerónimo Parra Flores, 74/-/-; José Parra Smith, 08/74/15; Carlos
Pascal Todd, 09/71/13;
Bernardo Pastor García, 83; Joaquín Pastor García, 72/06ò07/25ò2; Juan Pastor
García, 06/72ò07/02ò25;
Agapito Pastor Jiménez, 72/06ò07/02ò25; Vicente Pastrana, 02/72/01; Gaspar
Pastrana Gallardo, sf; Vincent
Pastrana, 01/72/25; Aída Patiño Benítez See Aída Bracamontes Patiño, sf; Ramón
Patiño Iturio, 75/-/-;
Sotero Patricio Ocampo, 07/74/18; Espiridion Payan Gallardo, 10/66/08; Genaro
Pedroza Cisneros, 12/74/02;
Timoteo Peláez, 74/-/-; José Alfredo Peña Ramos, 03/80/; Alejandro Peñaloza
García, 04/79/09; Philip
Peñaloza García, 06/78/29 or 07/78/28; Eusebio Peñaloza Silva, 05/77/15; Rodolfo
Peñón Ponce, 12/74/02;
Fernando Peraldi Calderon, 10/66/08; Eugenio Peralta Escorza, 01/75/20;
Bonifacio Peralta Rangel, 77/-/-;
Candelario Peralta Ríos, 72/07ò08; Toribio Peralta Rivera, 10/74/04; Lucio Peralta
Santiago, 10/74/04;
Gabriel Peralta Zea, sf; Teódulo Perdón Bernal, 08/77/22; Matías Perdón Iturio, sf;
Jesus Perea Castro,
08/82/04; Moisés Perea Cipriano, 09/74/12; Mario Pérez Aguilar, 04/76/-; Benjamín
Pérez Aragón, 10/72/20;
José Francisco Pérez Cajina, 02/72/01; Saturnino Pérez Carmona, 07/76/04;
Carlos Pérez Cornelio, 08/77/05;
Filegonio Pérez Escobar, 04/78/03; Andrés Pérez Fierro, sf; Isidroó Isidoro Pérez
Galindo, 10/74/01; Raul
Enrique Pérez Gasque, 03/74/21; José Pérez González, sf; Felipa Pérez
Huicochea, 12/62/30; Juan Perez
Earthenware, 08/74/24ó25; Marcelino Pérez Martínez, 04/78/03; Benjamín Pérez
Muñoz, 01/75/03; Maria Balbina
Pérez Nochoa, 02/76/03; ,Alfonso Pérez Rayón, 74/04/; Alberto Pérez Razo,
10/66/08; Abel Pérez Ruíz,
10/66/08; Antonio Perez Sánchez, 01/69/10; Ernesto Pérez Soria, 10/66/08;
Alberto Pérez Vázquez, 10/66/08;
Jorge Luis Pérez Velarde, 03/74/03; Cándido Pérez Verduzco, 07/72/28; Fernando
Pérez, 11/71/2178;
Virgilio Picaso Ramírez, 10/76/31; Jesús Piedra Ibarra, 04/75/18; Alejandro Pierrón
Jiménez, 02/67/26; José
Luis Pimentel Ramírez, 10/72/05; Julio Angel Pimentel Ramírez, 10/72/05; 'N' Prof
Pineda Barreda, 63/04/;
Pedro Pineda Flores, 74/-/-; Fernando Pineda Ochoa, 03/71/16; Tomás Pineda
Vergara, 12/62/30; Cecilio
Pineda Zúñiga, 05/78/14; Alejandro Pineda, 11/71/27; Pino de Jesús, 67/08/-;
Antonio Pino Díaz, 08/72/05;
Marcial Pino Figueroa, 06/71/-; Gilberto Pino García, 01/77/09; Antonio Pino
Hernández, 10/72/23; Avelino
Pino Hernández, 09/72/05; Celso Pino Hernández, 09/72/05; Antonio Pino Pérez,
09/72/05;
ReynaldoCamerino Pino Ríos, 74/-/-; Servando Pino Ríos, 09/72/03; Ascension
Pino Zambrano, 08/72/08;
Donaciano Pino, 12/62/09; Ángel Piza Fierro, 10/71/05; José Isabel, sf; Francisco
Javier Pizarro Chávez,
01/72/15; Marco Antonio Pizarro Chávez, 01/72/15; José Plancarte Jiménez,
77/07ù08; Alfonso Pliego
Garcia, 01/72/20; Cutberto Policarpo López, 06/73/19; Antonio Pólito Nava,
12/71/27; Victor Manuel Ponce,
10/66/08; Juan Ponce Fierro, 05/71/21; Jesús Porchat Maldonado, 02/67/26;
Joaquín Porras Baños, 75/08;
Prisciliano Pradilla Bello, sf; Sabino Praga Ponce, 74/-/-; Omar Préstegui Valente,
08/72/29; Fredy Alonso
Puc Chel, 10/79/04; Isidro Quezada Aragón, 06/74/05; Teresa Quezada Moreno de
Sotelo, sf; Jose Cruz
Quezada Moreno, sf; Rosalia Quezada Moreno, sf; Lino Quinero Cruz, 09/72/24;
Marcelino Quintero
Castle, 11/74/22; Lourdes Quiñones, 09/74/04; María de Lourdes Quiñones
Treviño, 10/74/16; Albert
Quiroz Quiroz, 02/74/19; Petronilo Radilla Barrientos, 07/74/23; Emeterio Radilla
Benítez, 08/75/08;
Petronilo Radilla Cabañas See Radilla Gómez Petronilo, sf; Leonel Radilla de
Jesús, 08/74/; Luis Radilla
Godoy, 09/72/05; Hermilo Radilla Gómez, 07/74/23; Petronilo Radilla Gómez See
Petronilo Radilla
Barrientos, sf; Faustino Radilla Hernández, 08/74/15; Rosendo Radilla Pacheco,
08/74/25; Alberto Radilla
Kings, 09/74/20; Cruz Radilla Rodríguez, 72/06ò07/02ò25; Fredy Radilla Silva,
05/78/15; Filiberto Radilla
Zekeida, 09/72/05; Prudencio Radilla Zequeida, 09/72/02; Felipe Radilla, 05/70/01;
Timothy Radilla,
10/74/10; Alfredo Ramírez Gálvez, 10/66/08; Lucía Ramírez Ortiz, 10/66/08;
Concepción Professor Ramírez
Altamirano, 04/72/20; Paula Ramírez Ayala, sf; Félix Ramírez Campo, 08/75/19;
Benjamin Ramirez
Castaneda, 77; Carlos Ramírez Cazalez, 10/66/08; Armando Ramírez Coronado,
11/72/11; Edwing Ramirez
De La Cruz, 74/-/-; Aurelio Ramírez Duarte, 06/77/08; Carlos Ramírez Duarte,
06/77/09; Guillermo Ramirez
Duarte, 06/77/09; Rafael Ramírez Duarte, 06/77/09; Víctor Ramírez Duarte,
06/77/08; Juan Francisco
Ramírez Estrada, 09/71/13; Gregorio Ramírez Flores, 74/-/-; Guadalupe Ramírez
García, 74/-/-; Norbert
Ramírez García, 11/74/20; Rodrigo Ramírez García, 10/79/06; Martín Ramírez
Gómez, sf; Amado Ramirez
González, 10/66/08; Rubén Ramírez González, 08/74/15; José Luis Ramírez
Gutiérrez, 02/67/26; Eleutherius
Ramírez Hernández, 01/72/13; Mario Ramírez Hernández, 74/-/-; Rubén Ramírez
Lozano, 12/62/30; 55
Mauricio Ramírez Padua, 10/66/08; Rosa María Ramírez Pérez, 10/66/08; Rodolfo
Ramírez Ponce, 01/75/03;
José Taide Ramírez Ramírez, 11/71/24; Juan Ramírez Rodríguez, 07/71/15;
Donaciano Ramírez Rojas,
06/77/24; José Abel Ramírez Samaycón, 11/71/24; Alejandro Ramírez Sánchez,
10/74/10; Eulalio Ramirez
Silva, 09/72/21; Miguel Ramírez Vázquez, 10/66/08; José Luis Ramírez Vilalnueva,
02/84/15; Raphael
Ramírez Villanueva, sf; María de Jesús Ramírez, 74/-/-; Felipe Ramos Cabañas,
02/75/09; Heriberto Ramos
Cabins, 02/75/09; Marcos Ramos Cabañas, 02/75/09; Raymundo Ramos
Cabañas, 02/75/09; Eduwiges
Ramos De la Cruz, 02/75/09; Amalia Ramos Espinoza, 06/74/20; Rafael Ramos
Eusebio, 01/73/08; Robert
Ramos Eusebio, sf; Jeorgelina Ramos García, 12/62/30; Ramón Ramos
Mogrovejo, 03/71/16; Mark Ramos
Ocampo, 74/-/-; José Ramos Pano, 05/71/03; Melitón Ramos Tabares or, 05/74/17;
Abelardo Ramos Tapia,
09/74/28; Joel Guillermo Ramos Vázquez, 10/73/26; Leobardo Isidro Rangel,
10/66/08; Maria Esperanza
Rangel Aguilar, 04/72/18; Simona Rangel de Adame, 09/77/16; Alberto Rangel De
Alva, 74/-/-; Isidro Rangel
Leonardo, 04/72/18; Rogelio Raya Morales, 03/71/16; José María Rayo Sánchez,
10/66/08; Juan Razo
González, 09/74/27; Alejandro Rebollar Gama, 07/78/13O15; J Jesús Rebolledo
Hipólito, sf; David
Rebolledo Martínez, 10/74/08; Getulio Rebolledo Ocampo, 10/74/14; Natividad
Rebolledo Ocampo, 74/-/-;
David Rebolledo Tecpan, 09/74/12; Paul or Pablo Reichel Bauman, 03/74/18;
Udivino Rendón Martínez,
09/72/02; Armando Rentería Castillo, 02/74/21; Mónica Rentería Medina, 78/08/;
Emilio Rentería Mora,
10/66/08; Aristeo Reséndiz Hernández, 08/76/04; Eugenio Reséndiz Hernández,
08/76/04; Eva Resendiz
Hernandez, 08/76/04; Fulgencio Reséndiz Hernández, 08/76/04; Raymundo
Resendiz Martínez, 10/66/08;
Aristeo Reséndiz Salmerón, 76/-/-; Bernardo (Sergio) Reséndiz Salmerón,
08/76/04; Justo Reséndiz
Salmerón, 08/75/30; Bernardo Reséndiz Valente, 08/76/03; Juan Reséndiz
Valente, 76/-/-; Sergio Reséndiz,
08/76/04; Alejandro Reyes Argüello, 09/74/12; Bernardino Reyes Barrientos,
05/74/-; Dimas Reyes Blanco,
08/75/19; Josafat Reyes Blanco, 10/74/01; María Reyes Castro, sf; Rodolfo Reyes
Crespo, 12/73/22; Innocent
Kings of the Cross, 10/74/01; Crescencio Reyes Díaz, 04/73/24; Bernardo Reyes
Félix, 09/72/26; Sunday
Reyes Fierro, 09/72/19; Enrique Reyes Fierro, 09/74/12; José Luis Reyes Fierro,
09/67/03; Marquina Reyes
Fierro, 12/74/03; Roque Reyes García, 09/81/11; Benjamín Reyes Marín, 76;
Bruno Reyes Nava, 71; Edgar
Nelson Reyes Palomino, sf; Juan Fernando Reyes Peláez, sf; Francisco Reyes
Sáenz, 11/81/27; Luis Reyes
Vargas, 04/71/11 and 06/72/25; Dimas Reyes Yáñez, 08/74/18; Timoteo Reyes
Zamora, sf; Delfino Reyes,
05/67/18; Lucio Reyes, 09/72/02; María Reyes, sf; Raymundo Reyes, sf; Rodolfo
Reyna Cervantes, 10/66/08;
Juan Reynada Victoria, 05/67/18; Luis Reynoso, 09/66/05; Sara Reynoso
Hernández, 03/71/17; Diego
Reynoso Melesio, 07/76/27; José Luis Rhy Sauci Galindo, 04/74/02; Victor Rico
Galán, 08/66/12; Roger
Ríos Castillo, 11/76/18; Romana Ríos García de Roque, 06/72/25; Salomón Ríos
García, 07/77/29; Agustin
Ríos Ocampo, 09/72/02; Agustìn Rìos, 07/74/07; José Ríos, 06/72/25; Arturo
Alejandro Rivas Jiménez,
01/74/09; Salvador Rivas Salcido, 12/73/23; Socorr Rivera, sf; José Francisco
Rivera Carbajal, 08/73/26;
Humberto Rivera Leyva, 01/75/21; Alejandro Rivera Patiño, 02/76/03; Seferino
Rivera, 74; Cesar Robles
Bustamante, 02/67/26; Secundino Robles Galeana, 03/72/22; Constantino Robles
Peralta, 05/77/14; Francisco
Oaks Oaks, 02/67/26; Sergio Robles Robles, 02/67/26; Simplicio Robles Zamora,
sf; Christina Rocha
Manzanare de Herrera, 07/76/01; Gerardo Rodríguez, 11/72/28; Nora Rodríguez,
02/74/20; Manuel
Rodríguez Arciga, 10/66/08; Modesto Rodríguez Barrera, 63/04; Concepción
Rodríguez Bital, sf; Benedict
Rodríguez Carcaño, 08/74/17; Oscar Rodríguez Carcaño, 08/74/19; Francisco
Rodríguez Carpio, 05/67/17;
Roberto Rodríguez Carpio, 05/67/17; Juan Rodríguez Díaz, 08/72/03; Norma
Rodríguez Dorantes, 07/77/29;
Francisco Rodríguez Escobedo, 11/81/20; Manuel Hiram Rodríguez Esquer,
02/74/19; Juan José Rodríguez
Garcia, 78/05; Alejandro Rodríguez Gervasio, 04/71/30; Ricardo Rodríguez
González, sf; Nativity
Rodríguez Hernández, 76/-/-; Rafael Rodríguez Hernández, 10/66/08; Ubaldo or
Osvaldo Rodríguez Juárez, sf;
Ricardo Rodríguez Moreno, 03/74/14; Jesús Rodríguez Piñaza, 04/74/17; Fabiola
Rodríguez Ramos,
02/77/07; Fortunato Rodríguez Rodríguez, sf; Alfredo Rodríguez Salazar, sf;
Sabino Rodríguez Solís,
12/62/09; Arturo Rodríguez Torres, 04/77/07; René Rodríguez Valdéz, 02/67/26;
David Rojas Arias See
David Rojas Vargas, sf; Antonio Rojas Becerra, 05/78/14; José Manuel Rojas
Gaxiola, 07/76/21; German
Rojas Lafontaine, 02/67/26; Eleazar Rojas Morales, sf; Mario Rojas Rodríguez, sf;
David Rojas Vargas,
06/72/25; Pedro Rojas Vargas, 72; José Rojas Zertuche, 08/74/19; Lorenzo
Armando Roldán Montes,
12/76/19; Armando Roman Navarro, 10/66/08; Fausto Román Salgado, 12/62/30;
Samuel Romeo Ahumada,
05/67/16; Emilio Romero Benítez, 11/74/11; Israel Romero Dionisio, 03/74/13;
Adrian Romero Flores,
09/76/01; Justino Romero Flores, 09/76/09; Martha Romero Flores, 08/76/28;
Pastor Romero Flores,
09/76/09; Félix Romero Loeza, 08/76/08; Emilio Romero Mejia, 74/-/-; Emilia
Romero Olea, 77/-/-; Felix
Romero Radilla Apparently he is the same person as Romero Loeza, Félix,
reported as:, sf; Juan Romero
Radilla, 09/72/05; Nicandra Romero Salgado, 04/71/26; Braulio Romero Vinalay or
Vinlay, sf; Isaiah Romero,
69ó71; José Romero, 69 or 71; Reyes Romero, 69 or 71; Ismael Romo
Villalpando, 02/72/01; Salvador Ronces 56
Porcayo, 08/75/06; Marío Roque García, 09/72/02; Roman Roque Moreno,
02/76/06; Santiago Roque
Moreno, 07/78/11; Margarito Roque Ríos, 06/72/26; María de la Luz Roque Ríos,
04/72/20; Ascencio Roque
Roque, 04/72/20; José Encarnación Rosales Archundia, 09/73/27; Celso Rosales
Cortés, 07/78/21; Carlos
Rosales Tejeda, 09/73/27; Marcelino Rosales, 10/60/20; Julián Rosas Cabañas,
09/72/03; Roman Rosas
Contreras, sf; Héctor Rosas Huerta, 01/72/27; Julián Rosas Martínez, 09/72/05;
Eleazar Rosas Padilla, 74/;
Lino Rosas Pérez, 12/74/02; Honorio Rosas, 10/60/20; José Rozinc Valdez,
10/66/08; Ángel Rubí Argüello,
74/; Blonde 'N', 08/74/15 to 08/75/15,; José Rubio Arriaga, 10/66/08; Amador Rubio
Portillo, 11/73/24;
Victoriano Ruelas Ciriaco, 03/74/13; Irineo Ruíz ¿?, 05/81/17; Joel Ruíz ¿?, sf;
Juan Ruíz ¿?, 08/77/10; Jorge
Enrique Ruíz Díaz, 02/72/17; Benito Ruiz León, 04/77/16; Juventino Ruiz Santiago,
08/74/16; Narciso Ruiz
Santiago, 08/74/14; Salvador Ruiz Villegas, 01/69/10; David Rulfo Alendri,
04/75/25; Juan Ruperto
Melendez, 10/60/20; Elisa Irina Saenz Garza, 03/74/23; Paco Said Blanco, sf;
René Francisco Salas Azueta,
02/67/26; José Guadalupe Salas García, 07/77/30; Saúl Salas García, 10/77/20;
Ignacio Arturo Salas Obregón,
09/74/09; Isidro Salas Pineda, 09/74/01; Ramiro Salas Ramos, 04/78/04; Leonardo
Salazar Aguiluz, 12/76/30;
Othón Salazar Ramírez, 04/66/14; Carlos Salcedo García, 11/72/11; Marcos
Marcelo Saldaña Nava, 04/71/30;
Atilano Saldaña Parra, 02/76/06; Eric Saldivar Medina, 10/66/08; Agustín Saldívar,
07/77/-; Pedro Salgado
Antunes, 11/76/11; Máximino Salgado Guillén, 09/74/20; Guillermo Salgado López,
07/71/15; Juana Lydia
Salgado López, 07/71/15; Armando Salgado Salgado, 07/71/15; Luis Salinas
Mares, 10/66/08; Fernando
Salinas Mora, 08/73/29; Isidro or Isidoro Salinas Pineda, 09/74/01; Tomás Salinas
Rodríguez, sf; Israel
Salmerón H, 12/62/30; Estanislao Salmerón Hernández, 09/74/01; Lorenzo
Salmerón Sierra, 11/74/22; Alex
Samaniego Sámano, 11/77/17; Trinidad Sánchez Adame, 74/-/-; Vicente Irais
Sánchez Antonio, 07/74/10;
Ezequiel Sánchez Barrera, 07/76/30; Fernando Sánchez Barrera, 12/62/09; Mario
Sánchez Bello, 09/74/-;
Marciano Sánchez Cerda, sf; Roberto Sánchez Cerezo, 02/67/26; Edilberto
Sánchez Cruz, 04/76/17; Eduardo
Sánchez Dáiz, 11/77/07; Saturnino Sánchez García, 04/73/24; Ma De los Angeles
Sánchez Gómez, 06/77/10;
José Leobardo Eduardo Sánchez González, sf; Jorge Alberto Sánchez Hirales,
02/72/06; Vicente Sanchez
León, 02/67/26; Felipe Sánchez Lima, 09/73/25; Jerónimo Sánchez Magdaleno,
09/72/02; Amancio Sánchez
Moreno, 72/06ò07/25ò02; Jorge Enrique Sánchez Olivo, 04/78/14; Abel Sánchez
Patiño, 76; Rigoberto
Sánchez Pérez, 10/66/08; Elizabeth Sánchez Ramírez, 10/74/13; Ma Antonia
Sánchez Riquelme
Betancourt, 09/73/25; 'Newborn' Sánchez Rivera, 04/76/10; Reynaldo Sánchez
Rodríguez, 11/72/07;
Flavio Sánchez Roldan, 10/66/08; Alberto Sánchez Sánchez, 02/74/23; Librado
Sánchez Santiago, 01/72/12;
Miguel Ángel Sánchez Vázquez, 04/77/07; José Ascención Sánchez Vergara,
06/76/09; Alberto Sánchez,
07/72/18; Alfonso Sánchez, 10/60/20; Isidro Sánchez, 74/; Rogelio Sánchez,
08/72/01; Tomás Sánchez, 74/-/-
; Hector David Sandoval, 05/76/18; Armando Sandoval García, 12/62/09; Fernando
Sandoval García, 62/;
Ricardo Sandoval García, sf; Pablo Sandoval Ramírez, 10/66/08; Esteban
Sandoval Robles, sf; Glory
Sandoval Trejo, 02/72/01; Guillermo Sandoval Vaca, 10/66/08; Fausto Sandoval
Valdez, sf; Feliciano
Sandoval Valdez, 09/72/02; Francisco Sandoval Valdez, 09/72/09; Héctor David
Sandoval, sf; columbo
Santana Hernández, 12/62/30; Pablo Santana López, 06/77/25; Gorgonio Santiago
Alvarado, 11/74/23; Maria
del Rosario, Santiago Dionisio, 01/72/13; Octaviano Santiago Dionisio, 09/78/30;
Jose Gerardo Santiago
Hernandez, 74/-/-; Joaquín Santiago Mateos, 08/75/08; Doroteo Santiago Ramírez,
07/74/19; Jose Matilde
Santiago Vázquez, 10/73/27; Joel Santiago, 76/-/-; Antonia Santiz Méndez, 74/-/-;
Guillermo Santos,
03/74/24; Ismael Santos, 09/72/08; Gloria Sarmiento de Jiménez, 08/77/18;
Francisca Lourdes Saucedo
Gomez, 11/72/07; Claudio Segura Sánchez, 07/75/05; Paulino Segura, 74/-/-;
Leonardo Serafín Cruz, 74/-/-;
Aladdin Seraphim of Jesus, 09/74/27; Eladio Serafín de Jesús, 07/74/18; Alejandro
Serafín Gervasio,, sf;
Bartola Serafín Gervasio, 10/74/25; Conrado Serafin Gervasio, 10/74/25; Juana
Serafín Gervasio, 10/74/25;
Diego Serafín Gómez, 11/74/11; José Rosalío Serafín Gómez, 05/71/28; Serafín
Gudiño Dressing Room, 05/71/28;
Luis Serafín Gudiño, 05/71/28; Marcelo Serafín Juárez, 05/74/04; Miguel Serafín
Peralta, 09/74/08;
Margarito Serafín, sf; Francisco Serrano Abarca, 09/74/20; Herón or Eduardo
Serrano Abarca, 07/74/18; Fidel,
Serrano Barrientos, 09/74/12; Clauterio Serrano Cantú, 10/66/08; Leobardo
Serrano Fierro, 09/74/12;
Cornelio Serrano Galeana, 09/74/12; Eloy Serrano Reza, 08/82/04; Aquilino
Serrano Vargas, 74/-/-; Francisco
Serrano Vargas, 09/74/20; Mariano Serrano Zamora, 08/74/18; Rufino Serrano
Zamora, 09/74/12; Elias Fidel
Serrano, sf; Roberto Serrano, 72/-/-; Jesús Severiano Iturio, 06/75/29; José
Guadalupe Sicarios Angulo,
03/76/13; Leodegario Sierra Hernández, 02/67/26; José Luis Sierra Villareal,
02/72/13; Gilberto Joel Silva
Aréstegui, 08/75/30; Reynaldo Silva Córdoba, 02/67/26; Vicente Silva Vara,
10/66/08; Alejandro Simbras
Bernal, 11/69/08; Mario Simón Acevedo, 10/66/08; Rodolfo Siondia, 05/67/17;
Víctor Soberanis, sf;
Crescencio Soledo Luna, 08/75/10; Catalina Solís de Román, sf; Concepción Solís
Morales, Profa, 07/71/15;
Consuelo Solís Morales, 01/72/15; María Concepción Solís Morales, 07/71/14;
Adolfo Solís, 08/74/19;
Gabriel Solorio Ortega, 09/77/13; Elvia Solorio, 07/66/27; Pedro Sonora Mendoza,
03/74/06; Magdaleno 57
Sorcia M, 05/77/03; Mauro Sorcia Téllez, 77/06ó07/; Inocencio Soriano Soriano, sf;
Agustín Sosa Bello, sf;
Arnulfo Sotelo Abarca, 07/74/20; Arnulfo Sotelo Calderón, 08/75/19; María Sotelo
Hernández, 12/62/30;
Perla Sotelo Patiño, 07/74/02; Antonio Sotelo Pérez, 07/71/11; Gregoria Sotelo
Ramos, sf; Guillermo Sotelo
Raviela, 09/72/24; Anacleto Sotelo Rodríguez, 01/80/08; Manuel Sotelo Vejar,
04/74/23; William Gabriel
Sotelo, 04/74/15; Santos Soto Aquino, 78/-/-; Lorenzo Soto Cervantes, 05/78/24;
Benito Soto, 08/75/19;
Heriberto Suárez Baños, 10/66/08; José María Suárez Téllez, 12/62/05; Sergio
Tabares Bello, 08/74/19;
Nicolás Tabares Jacinto, sf; Tabares or (Tavares) Noriega Francisco Nicolás,
07/74/18; Eladio de Jesus
Tabares or (Tavares) Serafín, 08/75/19; Juan Taboada Salgado, 10/73/05;
Florencio or Lorenzo Taboada
Velázquez, 10/73/05; Venancio Talamantes Pérez, 10/66/08; Rubén Tapia
Ezquivel, 10/74/13; Benajmin
Tapia Mendoza, 08/79/07; Daniel Tapia Pérez, 11/74/16; Cuauhtemoc Tapia
Ramírez, 10/66/08; Ernesto
Tapia Ruiz, 02/67/26; Ulises Tavera Montero, 10/66/08; Adolfo Tecla Parra, 78;
Alfredo Tecla Parra,
06/75/03; Ana Lilia Tecla Parra, 05/78/18; Artemisa Tecla Parra, 05/78/16; Violeta
Tecla Parra, 78; Ignatius
Tejeda Estevens, 04/74/23; Isidoro Tellez Galindo, sf; Bonifacio Téllez Mata,
03/77/06; Enrique Tellez
Pacheco, 11/74/20; Marcos Téllez Ramírez, 07/72/18; Canuto Téllez, 07/72/18;
Loreto Téllez, 08/75/19;
Roberto Tello Alarcón, 11/74/20; Teodoro Agapito, 06/69/03; Teodoro Cirilo,
06/69/03; Theodore Donatian,
06/69/03; Mauro Teodoro Guerrero, 06/69/03; José Pilar Terrazas Sansabas,
06/74/05; Evaristo Terrones
Ramírez, 08/74/04; Lauro Terrones Ramírez, 74/-/-; Lázaro Terrones Ramírez,
08/74/04; Ricardo Texta
Villegas, 04/74/15; Maria Texta, 71/-/-; Marina Texta, 04/72/20; Miguel Toledo,
04/74/27; Candido Toledo
Espinosa, 10/73/26; José Tomalán Gómez, 05/76/03; Joaquín Torres Adame, sf;
Roman Torres Bernal, 71;
Jesús Torres Castrejón, 02/72/21; Jorge Manuel Torres Cedillo, sf; Teresa Torres
De la Mena, 74/-/-; Ephraim
Torres Fierro, 04/78/21; Isidro Torres Galindo, 74/10/-; Abad Torres Mesa,
01/75/15; Jose Luis Torres
Ontiveros, 07/77/23; Aarón Torres Pelaez, sf; Absalón Torres Pelaez, sf; Daniel
Torres Pelaez, sf; Eleazar
Torres Pelaez, sf; Ma Teresa and son Torres Ramírez de Mena, 01/76/31; Alberto
Torres Valenzuela, 10/66/08;
Fidel Torres, 69 or 71; Gregorio Torres, 10/60/20; Jerónimo Torres, 69ó71; Juan
Torres, 69 or 71; Roman Torres,
sf; Javier Toscano Olivares, 09/74/25; Quiet Sunday, 74/-/-; Manuel Trasviña
Aguilar, 10/66/08;
Oscar Trasviña Aguilar, 10/66/08; Mario Arturo Trejo Cancino, 09/71/13; Fausto
Trejo Fuentes Dr, 10/80/18;
Juan Trejo Martínez, 07/75/23; Rosa Irma Trejo Vázquez, sf; Rafael Trejo, sf;
Three people from Huitzuco, sf;
Olga Treviño Arizmendi, 06/74/12; Juan Rubén Treviño Elizondo or José Rubén,
04/73/21; Modesto Trujillo
Miranda, 04/73/21; José Luis Trujillo Salcedo, 10/66/08; Evangelina Ubaldo,
04/74/13; Felix Armando Ulloa
Alcocer, 08/72/-; Fernando Ulloa Alcocer, sf; Alberto Salvador Ulloa Borneman,
09/74/04; Lourdes Consuelo
Uranga López, 01/72/30; Pedro Uranga Rohana, 01/67/07; D Rafael Urban,
09/74/23; Quintanilla Urbieta
Morales, 09/77/18; Abel Uriarte Borboa, 11/81/09; Antonio Urioste Santiago,
09/74/08; Alejuandro Urioste,
74/-/-; Isaías Uriostegui Cepeda [not Terán], 07/74/01; Isaías Uriostegui Cepeda,
07/74/01; Efraín Uriostegui
Flores, sf; Antonio Uriostegui Morales, 12/74/05; Miguel Uriostegui Morales,
12/74/05; Felipe Uriostegui
Salgado See Felipe Uriostegui Velásquez, sf; Miguel Uriostegui Terán, 02/74/01;
Onesimo Uriostegui
Terán, 74/10/-; Reynaldo Uriostegui Terán, 07/74/01; Reynaldo Uriostegui Terán,
07/74/01; Felipe Uriostegui
Velasquez, 08/74/18; Felipe Uriostegui, 74/-/-; Luciano Uriostegui, 74/10; Niceforo
Urrieta or Urbieta
Morales, sf; Genaro Vaca Soza, 10/66/08; Alejandrina Valadez de Arroyo, sf;
Rubén Valdéz Hernández,
09/74/27; Juan Carlos Valdez López, sf; María Guadalupe Valdez López, sf; Martín
Rodolfo Valdez López,
sf; Esteban Valdez Palacios, 09/72/19; Nicolás Valdez Palacios, sf; Salustio Valdez
Palacios, 09/72/15;
Telésforo Valdez Palacios, 09/72/19; Margarito Valdez Rodríguez, 04/73/24;
Clemente Valdez Valdovinos,
09/72/05; Roberto Valdez Verduzco, 10/66/08; Heriberto Valdovinos Girón,
08/75/08; Heriberto Valdovinos
Nario, 10/77/13; Mario Heriberto Valdovinos, 77/-/-; Onofre Valdovinos, sf; Marco
Antonio Valencia
Aramburo, 09/76 or 09/77; Salvador Valencia Gutiérrez, 12/71/27; Alejandro
Valencia Hurtado, 10/66/08;
Leopoldo Valencia Millán, 10/71/27; Romeo Nardo Valentín Maldonado, 74/;
Horacio Valenzuela Ibarra,
02/67/26; Carlos Valenzuela, 10/60/20; Margarito Valladares, 69 or 71; Félix Valle
Bello, sf; Luis Leonardo
Zamora Valley, 08/75/19; 'N''N' Valley, 10/60/20; Leonardo Luis Valles Zamora,
74/-/-; Jorge Hermenegildo
Varela Varela, 05/77/08; Jacinto Vargas, 10/66/08; Melesio Vargas Cabrales,
02/74/22; Salvador Vargas
Estrada, 10/66/08; Francisco Vargas García, 09/72/02; Odilón Vargas García,
09/72/05; Silvano Vargas
Leyva, 02/73/23; Genaro Vargas Llergo, 10/66/08; Remedio Vargas López, sf; Jose
de Jesus Vargas
Madrigal, 11/73/-; Juan Vargas Martínez, 10/66/08; Abel Vargas Peña, 76/-/-;
Carmen Vargas Pérez,
06/75/26; David Vargas Rojas, sf; Benigno Vargas Sánchez, 72/06ò07/25ò02;
Francisco Vargas Vinalay,
09/72/05; Arturo Vargas Viviano, 04/75/24; Ramiro Jerónimo Vasalle, 10/66/08;
Delfino Vázquez Baltazar,
05/71/01; Margarito Vázquez Baltazar, 07/74/13; Fernando Vázquez Blanco, sf;
Alberto Vazquez
Castellanos, 02/75/16; Juan Vázquez de Jesús, 74/03ò10; Antonio Vázquez
González, 11/76/18; Athalo Saul
Vázquez Iturbe, 10/68/17; Ernesto Vázquez Laguna, 08/78/; Genaro Vázquez
López, sf; Salvador Vazquez 58
López, 10/66/08; Julián or Julio Vázquez Macedo, 10/71/27; Sebastión Vázquez
Mendoza, 11/74/16; José
Isaías Vázquez Rodríguez, 03/78/04; Alfonso Vázquez Rojas, 05/71/01; Genaro
Vázquez Rojas, 02/72/02;
Gilberto Vázquez Romero, sf; Timoteo Vázquez Santiago, 06/77/26; Antonio
Vázquez Solano, 74/01; Genaro
Vázquez Solís, 07/71/14; Juana Vázquez Suástegui, 74/01; Martha Vázquez
Vázquez, 10/66/08; Martin
Vázquez Vázquez, 10/66/08; Guadalupe Vázquez, sf; Honorio Vázquez, 69ó71;
Julio Vázquez, 69 or 71;
Marcos Vázquez, 71; José Luis Vega Ayala, 10/66/08; Bertha Vega Fuentes,
03/71/16; Severino Vega Reyna,
10/66/08; Juan Vega Zamudio, 09/73/25; Francisco Vejar Virrueta, 10/66/08; Isaías
Velásquez Castro,
06/72/27; Isaías Velásquez Clavel, 08/75/19; Ana María Velásquez Vargas,
10/66/08; Medarda Velasquez
Widow of Castillo, 05/73/01; Luis Velasquez, 06/72/25; Elsa Velazco Cahuitz,
08/75/15; Salustia Velazco
Mendoza, 09/72/19; Fidelio Velázquez Martínez, 74/07/; Héctor Javier Velázquez
Molina, sf; Jose Luis Velez
Cienfuegos, 04/75/24; Bonifacio Vélez, sf; Husband of Mrs. Vences, sf; Saturnino
Venegas Corona, 07/71/11;
fma Ventura, 09/66/02; Daniel Vera Olivar, 08/74/28; Epifanio Verdún Carbajal,
09/74/12; Mauricio Vergara
Félix or Celis, sf; Anastacio Vergara Gil, 12/62/30; Epifanio Verrún Torres, sf;
Delfino Vicario Flores, sf;
Filiberto Victorino Gutiérrez, 76/10/; Pedro Vilchis Pérez, sf; Artemio Villa Chavez,
sf; Cecilio Villa
Jesus, sf; Silvestre Villa Flores, 10/74/01; Victorino Villa Rosales, 04/74/17; Laura
Villa, 02/76/06; Saints
Villa, 12/77/31; Eduardo Villaburo Ibarra, 11/74/16; José Villagomez Pérez,
10/66/08; Sergio Villalobos
Navarrete, 08/78/; Bernardo Villamar Pérez, 02/76/03; Luis Villanueva Rodríguez,
09/74/27; alberta
Villanueva, 74/01; Baldemar Villarreal Alvarado, 02/72/07; Rafael Villeda, 05/78/20;
Apolonio Villegas
Cross, 07/74/19; Isidro Villegas Cruz, 07/74/18; Cesáreo Villegas Tabares,
09/72/03; Gerardo Villegas
Tavares or (Tabares), sf; Justino Villegas Zúñiga, 06/73/21; Rosario Villegas, sf;
Virgilio Vinalay Jiménez,
05/76/16; Carlos Arturo Vives Chapa, 03/74/18; Raymundo Vivián Sosa, 03/74/17;
Avelino Yánez Ponciano
see: Avelino Llanes Ponciano, sf; Manuel Yañez Martínez, sf; Santana Yañez
Noriega, sf; Guadeloupe
Yañez Ocaña, 03/74/03; Jesús Zacarías Tavares, sf; Antonio Zamacona Radilla,
10/74/14; Fidencio Zamano
Bello, sf; Roberto Zambada Vélez, 05/67/17; Rosendo Zambrano Bello, sf;
Cesáreo Zambrano Castro, sf;
Francisco Javier Zambrano Grijalva, 03/74/05; José de Jesús Zambrano Grijalva,
03/74/05; Ascension
Zambrano Pino, sf; Inés Zambrano, 08/75/19; Rosendo Zambrano, 74/10/-;
Fidencia Zamora Bello, sf; Maria
Engracia Zamora Díaz, sf; Graciela Zamora González Vda de Salinas, sf; Juan
Zamora Hernández, 08/74/16;
Mariano Zamora Hernández, 07/74/18; Zenón Zamora Hernández, 07/74/16;
Ignacio Zamora Román,
08/74/17; Antonio Zamora, 62/-/-; Mariano Zamorano Becerril, 06/69/07; Héctor
Zamudio Fuentes, 03/78/29;
Pedro Ignacio Zapata Antonio, 09/72/02; N Zasueta Lopèz, 04/79/09; Pedro Zavala
Melchor, sf; Albert
Zavala Olvera, sf; Dionisio Zavala Olvera, 04/77/11; José Zavala Orozco, 10/66/08;
Humberto Zavala Peña,
10/66/08; Gloria Lorena Zazueta Aguilar, 04/79/09; Humberto Zazueta Aguilar,
04/79/09; Benjamin Zozaya,
10/66/08; Domingo Zúñiga Elisea, 04/76/-; Vidal Zúñiga Elisea, 04/76/-; Federico
Zurita Carballo, 02/74/06.
8.6. Permanent and continued torture
Systematic torture is considered a crime against humanity and, therefore,
imprescriptible. There are also various types of torture that are maintained as a
form
permanent and continuous. One type of continuous torture is that which is inflicted
on family members,
friends and people close to the disappeared detainees, since the person is
detained and
stolen from the family and society until said person appears or the
reliable information on his whereabouts. It is also permanent torture that results as
sequel to crimes committed by the State to the direct detriment of those who suffer
torture
permanent or your loved ones. Given the seriousness of the crime of forced
disappearance,
This is classified as against humanity, which literally means that 'it hurts the
humanity'. In this sense, this wound, similar to the waves that occur in a
pond when a stone is thrown, produce different levels of disturbance – which
analogically it would translate into pain-, producing more severe levels of pain for
people
closest to those who suffer forced disappearance, but which expands to society
surrounding and the rest of humanity, as long as the cases are not clarified and the
perpetrators are punished.
responsible. 59
8.6.1 Relatives of those who suffer forced disappearance
The torture that is inflicted on the relatives of those who suffer forced
disappearance is
continuous nature, with permanent effects and, probably, the one that causes the
most damage. HE
considered as continuous until the victim of the forced disappearance appears or, if
this
It is impossible, until it is offered to the bereaved and people in its first circle.
reliable information about his whereabouts. If he is alive, to reintegrate him into his
environment and
repair, to the extent possible, the damage. If not, to return his remains in order to
that they be honored and make mourning possible in this way. If this is also
impossible,
must give precise indication of the circumstance that prevents it. A crime collateral
to
This is produced by the obstruction of the truth, which is equally permanent until
that reliable information on the whereabouts of the missing person is offered.
In accordance with the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights,
the
continued obstruction of the efforts of family and friends to know the truth of the
facts, and above all the concealment of the corpses of those who have been
executed, as well as
the obstacles posed by various public authorities to the exhumation proceedings,
as well as the official refusal to provide information in this regard constitute
cruel, inhuman or degrading, violating Article 5 of the American Convention
(substantive ruling para. 165, case of Efraín Bámaca vs. Guatemala. COIDH).
Whoever has this information, and refuses to provide it, aggravates the damage,
continues to inflict on a continuous basis, and prolongs indefinitely its character of
torturer. This crime is against humanity due to the seriousness of the violation of
integrity.
psychological and moral that it causes. The damage is aggravated by the proximity
of the family bond,
due to the particular circumstances of the relationship with the victim, and due to
the participation
circumstantial, as a possible witness of the events related to the disappearance of
the
victim. Torture is also caused by the lack of response, or the falsity of the same
that is offered by the State to procedures initiated – which, in turn, constitutes
treatment
cruel, inhuman and degrading. The effects on integrity must also be analyzed
psychological, moral, physical and negative consequences on the quality of life of
those
They survive this torture. The deep anguish it causes.
8.6.2 Those who suffer traumatic consequences for crimes committed
For the state
“Gumersindo Morales
61
He was released and after 14 days he died from torture. Others
They went crazy from the beatings, when they were blindfolded, locked up and tied
up, as is

61
Morales García, Gumersindo, arrested on 08/72/28 by the EM. According to DFS
[100-10-16-4-73/ L 7/ fs.145-
165], was arrested on 09/72/02 by the Mexican Army, accused of having
participated in the ambush of the
72/ 08/ 23. On 09/72/12 he was brought before the judge of Acapulco. According
to the DFS, on 73/02/08 [100-10-16-4-
73/ L.7/ Fs. 174-177], the District Judge, Arturo Uribe García “issued a release
order for the 29 prisoners
accused of participating in the ambush of 08/72/23”, among whom was this person.
After that
They were transferred from the Acapulco prison to the 27th ZM and handed over to
the PJ with the order to “return them.”
safe and sound to their places of origin… under express order of Governor I.
“Nogueda Otero.” The universal
reports that he was released on 02/73/08 (CU, II, 1994, 136) in a group with 28
other peasants. According to
Zohelio died 14 days after being released. He died due to torture. According to
Justino and Celso Pino
Hernandez at two years old. He has no family in El Quemado. 60
the case of Andrés Blanco Tacuba, and Don Luis Oltigor. Efraín also became upset
and when he left
died".
62

Yolanda Benitez Santiago, talks about the way her father, Onofre Gabino
Benitez was arrested at his home in the 'El porvenir' ejido in 1972. Onofre, was
disappeared for 15 days or a month and, upon returning, became an alcoholic.
remained
mentally disturbed. “I don't know what the military did to him because he was
afraid,
They blurted out […], but it wasn't coming very well from their head anymore.
Sometimes he spoke well, and sometimes badly.
He and his brothers took up the habit because that was the only way they could
control themselves to get ahead,
because they were nervous and afraid, because they thought they would always
be
persecuted.”

Evelia Fuentes Martínez, sister of the missing Julio Fuentes Martínez, from San
Francisco del Tibor, tells what happened to his children José Guadalupe Gutiérrez
Fuentes
63
and Natividad Gutiérrez Fuentes,
64
kidnapped at the Pie de la Air Base military camp
Cuesta: “They gave them touches. They were blindfolded. They put them into the
water with a bag
rubber on the head. And they just gave them beans, nothing more. They threw
them at him. If they
They reached the mouth, well; and if not, they fell and didn't eat. They gave them a
bolillo. they were
“kids, they were 17 and 18 years old.” That time they went out. They caught Lupe
again a year later
next, in 1974. That time, he says he heard planes landing; he believes they had
him in
the Pie de la Cuesta air base in Acapulco. I don't remember how many days I was
there.
One night they returned it. My brother's brother-in-law, Esteban Organista, was
there and heard
My brother arrived and said to him: -'Julio, what's wrong with you, friend? How
have they done to you! -Ugly!
he replied. -If you saw how they have done to me! The soldiers heard them and
scolded them and
they kicked. My brother heard my son talking and he approached where my brother
was.
He touched the feet and said, "You are it!", and then again the soldiers kicked them
again to
that they would not speak. Afterwards he didn't realize what was happening,
because they took him out of there and he
They took him to Acapulco prison. That's when I realized it and went to see him in
jail. You
They burst his ear with a butt butt they gave him. My daughter saw it first and told
her that
He wouldn't show his clothes to me, because they were all covered in blood from
where they had
struck. I didn't see his clothes, I only found my son swollen up to here and his ear
with

62
Testimony of Zohelio Jaimes.
63
Gutiérrez Fuentes, (José) Guadalupe. (a) 'La Cirila'. –MDL- According to MA
Acosta Chaparro (1990, 100)
He was part of the PdlP. Arrested on July 2, 1972, in San Francisco del Tibor for
his alleged
participation in the ambush of 06/72/25. It was presented until 08/72/01 (CU, II,
1994, 121), together
with 20 other detainees DFS 100-10-16-4-72 L-5 H-136. On 72/08/02 it was
recorded before the District Judge
Lic. Antonio Uribe García for the AMP Lic. Wilfredo Ortiz Melgarejo, in Acapulco,
along with 16 others
detained. In their statements before said Judge they denied their participation in
the events because they had been
confessed under torture; in DFS 08/72/03 [IPS vol. 2538]. It was made available to
the 1st Civil Judge because it was
younger. According to the newspaper El Grafico, tortured and accused of
participating in the confrontation with
the EM on 72/06/25.
64
Gutiérrez Fuentes, J. Nativity, (a) 'El Pibe'. –MDL- According to MA Acosta
Chaparro (1990, 100)
He was part of the PdlP. Arrested on June 25, 1972, in San Francisco del Tibor. It
was presented until
72/ 08/ 01 (CU, II, 1994, 121), along with 20 others detained for their alleged
participation in the ambush of the
72/ 06/ 25. On 08/72/02 it was recorded before the District Judge Lic. Antonio Uribe
García for the AMP Lic.
Wilfredo Ortiz Melgarejo, in Acapulco, along with 16 other detainees. In his
statements before said Judge
They denied their participation in the events because it had been confessed under
torture; in DFS 08/72/03 [IPS vol.
2538]. He was placed at the disposal of the 1st Civil Judge because he was a
minor. According to the newspaper El Grafico,
tortured and accused of participating in the confrontation with the EM on 06/72/25.
61
blood (…) They didn't talk to me because I was crying for what they had done to
them. (…) My
son, the big one, screamed when he fell asleep, jumped and remembered the
screams, because he
they made it uglier.
65
Forced disappearance has produced different types of disorders in family
members.
In some cases, cases of schizophrenia are recorded, as is the case of María
Reyes. In
October 1974, a group of soldiers arrested Tecpan de Tecpan in Las Palmas,
Santa Lucía
Galeana, thirteen people, some of whom are missing. Among them are
Juan Flores, husband of María Reyes Urioste, was there. Since that day, according
to
collected testimonies, María Reyes Urioste suffers from her mental faculties.
There are wives who lost their husbands thirty years ago. Some have had
children after that date or already live with another partner. The anguish and
anxiety in which
they find is permanent. In the eyes of the husband's family, they have not known
how to keep
fidelity, since there is no certainty that he had died. They have searched until
exhaustion to their missing husband, but they also fear that, if he ever returns,
produce the conflict.
In another number of families, problems have arisen around land. The
woman has had to face family expenses and has been in charge of cultivating
crops.
plots; However, many times these were inherited from the husband, as well as the
house in the
that they inhabit. In the event of a prolonged and indefinite absence regarding the
property, if it continues
Whether it is the husband's or not, many wives have had problems with the
husband's family
who claims the properties. Poverty exacerbated by the lack of someone in charge
of the
Production and conflict add permanent hardship to the pain.
In the case of the teachers who were accused of collaborating with the guerrilla,
the
The state withdrew their places and benefits from them and their families. This
results,
once again in a situation of extreme poverty and aggravated hardship that
continues to weigh as
unjust punishment in people's pain.
There are those who died of grief.
There is a whole group of victims who, to this day, suffer from the consequences of
an unjust imprisonment, which the State also took charge of propagating as a
disgrace.
1968 students and social fighters who were imprisoned for the crime of asking
justice.
There are cases in which the torture inflicted on a family member has turned
The family relationship has been in hell for thirty years and that torture is
permanent
till the date. For example, the case of David, son of teacher Hilda Flores Solís.
When
David was two years old, the police came to arrest her without an arrest warrant.
As a way of torturing the teacher, they took the child “from her arms and threw him
away.
“It fell into the stove and suffered damage that it still suffers.”
66
Although the child was rescued and survived
to this brutality, the physical and mental effects last and it has not stopped needing
specialized medical treatment to combat the schizophrenia he suffers from, as part
of
the aftermath of trauma. The mother was deprived of her teaching position and
currently lives
in extreme misery. The crumbs of help he receives from his neighbors he allocates
to the
medicine for his son who also reproaches him for his situation because he was a
victim of torture
that was inflicted on her. Entering their ruined house, knowing the hell this family
has
lived for decades and understand that the torture was provoked by the police in
order to inflict

65
Evelia Fuentes Martínez (FA) San Francisco del Tibor. EN 3. June 2003
66
R-3-202 62
pain to a person who distinguished himself for his dedication to justice; and that
this poverty
continues to suffer from it due to the mechanism that the State established to be
cruel in
against those who challenged his authoritarianism. To understand this is to be
outraged by torture.
permanent -which is defined by the attack on the dignity of the person-, which has
not been
relieved by the State.
8.7. Damage to the most vulnerable and defenseless sectors of society
Although we are all left extremely vulnerable when the authorities, in
Instead of acting in a rule of law, they treat us with criminal practices, without
However, special conditions in humans that make them even more vulnerable
when they are left in the hands of the authority, unprotected by the law. The
legislation, both
nationally and internationally, has been adopting legislation of particular protection
to
women, children under fifteen years of age, the elderly, the injured and
sick, disabled and those who, due to their culture and language, are particularly
vulnerable. Women will be especially protected against any attack on their honor
and,
in particular against rape, against forced prostitution and against all
attack on his modesty; to not be subjected to humiliating and degrading treatment;
to the
protection of her privacy, to remain confined in places other than those of
men; If you are pregnant, to have the necessary attention and care during your
pregnancy.
pregnancy and childbirth. Subsequently, to be able to care for your child, protect
him and
decide who can take care of him, after the age of seven, in case of
prolonged detention. In relation to minors, the special care that
require according to the stage of development they have and, particularly, not to be
separated from
his family. Elderly people must be treated with respect and attention.
of care that their physical condition imposes on them; the wounded, sick and
disabled to have the
medical attention to heal and the relevant care that does not cause pain
unnecessary or greater than their state of health limits. To the indigenous people,
to communication
in their language and a clear explanation of the reasons and procedures followed
in
regarding their detention and allowing them to carry out their cultural and religious
practices.
8.7.1. Use vulnerability to cause more damage
Illegal detention, forced labor and disappearance of children
Children and adolescents were taken to clandestine detention centers and to
military zones that served as concentration camps and illegal detention. In some
cases they used them to torture their parents. There were also groups of children
from the same
family who suffered humiliation and kidnapping. Jorge Carrasco Aráizaga
67
presents several
cases, among them that of Jacinto Iturio de Jesús, Matías Iturio Barrientos and
Armando Castillo
Iturium. Jacinto was arrested by the Judicial Police under the command of Wilfrido
Castro Contreras in
Atoyac on August 21, 1977, accused of bringing tacos to the guerrillas.
Subsequently
He was taken to a clandestine prison in Acapulco and used 'as a godmother' at
checkpoints
military.

67
See The children that the State disappeared, Jorge Carrasco Aráizaga, Process
1472, January 16, 2005,
pages 56-59. 63
Matías Perdón Iturio de Jesús was arrested on 04/72/20.
68
According to the testimony of his
sister, Amada Iturio de Jesús, Jacinto “was in the hands of the army for about six
months.
A few days in Atoyac, most of the time in the 27th ZM in Acapulco with 'Chagoya'
where they tortured him with electricity. When it arrived, it was full of electric light.
Pure black dots.”
69
On August 22, 1977, Matías was detained again and, since
then he was missing.
On 11/76/18, Armando Iturio Barrientos, 17 years old, was arrested by the PJF in
Valle de Guadalupe DF, and placed at the disposal of the 27th ZM. It was used as
'godmother'
70
and disappeared.
Torture of children in front of their families.
On April 9, 1979 in Torreón, Coahuila, elements of the 'Special Brigade'
They kidnapped Bertha Alicia López García, her husband, José Humberto Zazueta
Aguilar, her
two small children and the couple formed by Gloria Lorena Zazueta Aguilar and
Armando
Gaytán Saldívar.
71
On their way to CM1, where they remained missing for
three months, they passed through 'La Joya' and the General Directorate of
Transit. In 1980, Bertha
published his testimony:
“They picked me up and took the cloth off my head and forced me to
get completely naked –Bertha says-. They took me to the presence of my husband,
who
He was also naked and they were applying electric shocks to his testicles. I
They threw me to the ground and lifted me by my breasts, stretching my nipples.
Afterwards I
They introduced an iron into the vagina to which, they told me, they would put an
electric current, which
which they didn't do, but they did give me electric shocks on my vulva and breasts.
To my daughter
Tania, they tortured her in my presence, mistreating her and applying electric
shocks all over her.
his little body
72
(Process; 80,)
Abuse of women who gave birth in captivity.
Martha Alicia Camacho, 8 months pregnant when she was detained in Culiacán,
and
She had her baby in captivity under the following circumstances: “On September
28 at
Tomorrow, my water broke, within that immense darkness, I conceived an attempt
to
I told Mrs. Josefina and she told me: 'Your son is about to be born, don't be afraid,
I'll go
to help' I replied that how would I get lubrication if it was the most basic thing, to
which she
She told me that there was no problem, that she was going to do, whatever needed
to be done. Without
However, the tremor clung to my body, faced with the sensation of an uncertain
destiny,
They raised the bandages so she could check me and we both covered ourselves
with a sheet and she
He checked me to see if there were dilations, to see if the child was going to be
born, and sure enough,

68
 Telegram 5045 from Solano Chagoya to DN UNO, dated 72/04/27, in SDN 94/281/
f. 219.] He points out that “with
information provided by Matías Peromo (sic) Iturio, alias 'el Fego', on the location
of the Lucio group
Cabins.”
69
Testimony of his sister Amada Iturio de Jesús.
70
(Hipolito; 1982, 125) [FI, T-021].159
71
A document signed in the handwriting of Miguel Nazar Haro, s/f, reports that the
arrest of these
people: “Bertha Alicia López García (a) 'La chilindrina', 22 years old, originally from
Ciudad
Obregón, Son., who continues to be interrogated…” DFS 11-207-79 L 13 H 122
72
Process Magazine No 166, 80/ 01/ 07 64
confirmed that the child was about to be born. […] I still had no labor pains. The
military
They yelled at me: “Cry, doesn't it hurt you bitch?” I was scared to death. The hours
They went slowly until they called an individual who was apparently their boss.
At midnight, I began to bleed tremendously and they decided to take me out, to
take me to
a place to give birth.
“There was a moment when they took down my blindfold telling me,
At the moment when they take down the blindfold, they show me the baby and he
tells me: “Look what your baby has.”
son in the head, a shark tail submachine gun, let's see if that cools you down,
that's why we're going to do it
take to a catacomb.” (…) In this way, without having closed the wounds that were
done to me,
What they did to me, so that my son could be born, they sat me in a chair and
carrying, between
two, they put me back in a vehicle, taking me back to the prison
clandestine When we arrived the child's cry was very loud, when those there heard
it.
They were kidnapped, they started shouting “We are dads, we are dads!
“With the death of José Manuel, I had been filled with stress and my body could not
allow this, the child cried from hunger, my nipples bled, milk did not come out from
loss
with blood However, since I had nothing, I didn't have a bottle at least to give him
water, it was all the little I could give him, hunger made him cry a lot, the soldiers
They said that if he didn't shut him up, they would kill him. (…) The night of October
7, 9 days after
having my son born, after being informed that I was going to be free, they told me
that
I would forget what happened to me, that they would forget that I was married, that
I had a child. (…) I
Well, like a desperate madwoman, I grabbed the child because, obviously, they
used them, I don't know what.
I was thinking at that moment, so I grab him and put him between the back of the
seat
back and my body as I was going to protect it. “According to what I found out, one
afternoon, my parents
They had contacted a person, with whom they negotiated a large amount of money
for
my freedom".
73

Violations of women and minors.

Among the humiliations that the National State allowed to be committed in its
name, it is worth highlighting the large number of rapes of which women and men
were victims.
teenagers, abused by soldiers of the Mexican Army. With any excuse, during
During the period analyzed, soldiers assigned to rural areas took women as
detained or held hostage, and abused them while the men of the house were
tortured or kept under the surveillance of others.
Elba Fuentes Organista, from La Remonta, was raped several times when she was
15
years, by judicial police. Elba was detained for another month, blindfolded and tied,
in Pie
of the Cuesta. In that same place he saw his father, Julio Fuentes Martínez,
missing.
74

73
Testimony of Martha Alicia Camacho
74
Fuentes Martínez, Julio. (a) 'Chavelo' or 'Simón' –DD- from Tepetixtla or San Fco,
del Tibor. According to
Fierro (1984: 96-99) came from 'The Party Organization'. On 72/01/ -, while the
LCB group was
In his camp in La Pintada, Julio Fuentes Martínez (a) 'Chavelo' - who had a garden
of
coffee on said hill -, joined the group, at the invitation of Salomón Ríos García (a)
'Ramón'. According to the DFS,
on 72/ 07/ 22 [100-10-16-4-72/ L 5/ pages 89-93, and on 100-10-16-4-73/ L6/
Pages 232-241], an order is issued of
arrest in Criminal Proceeding No. 177/72 against Juan Pastor García and others
for the ambush of the EM on
72/ 06/ 25. According to Julio Fuentes Martínez, he separated from Lucio's group,
following Carmelo Cortés
in the first half of 1973. According to his statement before the DFS [100-10-16/ file
10/ p.125] it was
arrested by the Military Police on 11/74/07 in Naucalpan, Edo. Mexico. His
statement of 74/11/13 in 65
For Elba, the reason he was systematically tortured was to torture his father, who
He was a member of the OP.
“I heard when they tortured other people, I didn't hear the questions but the
screams yes, among the music they played you could hear the screams in the
night. Me
They took me out to torture me because maybe they wanted my dad to see. There
were stands,
They took me down to another house, it looked like a basement, they sat me in a
chair and started doing
You ask some judicial agents, I didn't know and they wanted me to tell them names
of
my dad's colleagues, of people who had gone to my house, I told them that I didn't
know
to anyone, if my dad had something who knows where because we didn't know
anything,
We are kids, I told them, how old am I? They asked me and I told them 15 years
old and
He said he could bear it because it was already good. That time they hit me, they
hit me
electric cables, they tangled the cable around my wrists, the judicial officer who
asked me the questions
He was next to me and the person who connected him was a little further away and
told him, connect him, to the
touch I screamed.
"I think they did this to torture my father, because I didn't know anything or
They got nothing out of me, I think my dad was in front when they did that to me.
HE
They took advantage of me. The one who had power over me and took advantage
of it was Raúl Leyva Martínez,
The second from the judicial branch was older. The first commander was called
Wilfredo Castro
Reds. Those who were interrogating were judicial, I don't understand how they
worked with the
soldiers who were there. I was only in the fifth year of primary school, a kid,
I did not know anything.
(…) “When they tortured me, they took me down to a room, we went down some
steps, it was
a big place, after going down the stairs I walked there, about 10 steps,
where I sat, and on two occasions I told him I wanted to go to the bathroom and
then they told me
to walk straight up to where the bathrooms are at the top of the wall, alone, and
turn straight and
You will find someone who would grab my hand and sit me down again. The
second
commander of the judicial police who detained me, when they released me, at the
time I wanted he was going to
bring to the house until I hid from him, my mother brought me here to La Remonta
and
here I stayed. At the time he wanted he would take me out and force me. This in
Acapulco, in
Palmas garden, threatening me, abusing me about four times during the month of
January and then I hid and they brought me to La Remonta, I never returned
home. He
He forced me, he told me that if I wanted to get out of there I had to be with him, I
was afraid
because they threatened me saying that whenever he wanted he would disappear
and your mother wouldn't even
He's going to realize, he said, I thought that if I didn't do what he wanted, maybe
he'd bother me.
mom, to my brothers, because I even had photos of all of them, my little brothers, I
They even had photos of my 5-year-old sister Concepción, my little brother Maciel
I was 8 years old, from my father, from my mother, and they said that at any time
they wanted they would disappear

(DFS 100-10-16-4-74 L 10 H 125). He is linked to the kidnapping of Cuahutémoc

García Terán. In the
statement of Agapito Pastor (DFS 100-10-16 L 5 H 129) there is the note that
Agapito, Julio Fuentes Martínez
and Lucio Cabañas are brothers-in-law. His daughter Elba Fuentes O. He saw it in
Pie de la Cuesta, Acapulco, and is a witness to
how he vomited blood from torture. His nephew Guadalupe Gutiérrez Fuentes also
found him in Pie
of the Cuesta. On 01/75/21 the DFS reports (DFS 100-10-16-4L 11H 10) on the
situation of the people who were
mentioned in the statement of Pedro Hernández Gómez. When referring to Julio
Fuentes (a) 'Chavelo' there is a
cross (†), which only appears with people who are still missing. It could mean that
since then
They had a record that he was dead. 66
some of them, I was afraid because they know where we are, at the time they
wanted
"They came into the house, they fell on us during the day."
Between April 20 and 25, 1978, according to a complaint by Octaviano Santiago,
María Concepción Jiménez Rendón was detained, tortured [raped and harassed]
by the Police
Judicial in Acapulco. She was seen a few meters from police chief Mario's office.
Acosta Chaparro.
75
Torments to people of legal age.
Don Ignacio Sánchez Gutiérrez was kidnapped on November 2, 1972,
76
and
held in the Pie de la Cuesta concentration camp, where, according to several
testimonies, died due to torture.
77
“We were prisoners there in the prison of
Acapulco, in the Hogar Moderno neighborhood, they transferred a group of farmers
there who
They had arrested the Mexican Army, which they call Arroyo, for the second
ambush.
Dark and more than 60 companions from El Quemado arrived and before putting
them in the cells
They took them for interrogation in the prison and tortured many people, the ones I
remember:
Mr. Ignacio Sánchez del Quemado, over 70 years old, could not stand the torture
and died in the
prison dining room and from there they took his body, I was locked up just
separated us
a fence.”
78
Drills on children to torture their parents.
Several cases of this type of torture are recorded in the investigation. Parents who
are
forced to hurt their children; damage in front of them, including recordings of
screams of
women and children, who were placed to psychologically torture the detainees, to
who were made to hear the screams telling them that it was their relatives.
On November 18, 1976, Irma Mesino Serafín, was kidnapped along with one of
her children and her husband in Mexico City, by soldiers and transferred to CM1.
There he suffered humiliation and

75
Santiago Dionicio, Octaviano. Letter dated 79/01/04 from the Acapulco prison
addressed to the Attorney General of
Justice of the State of Guerrero Carlos Ulises Acosta Víquez. In Asking About His
Missing Partner.
Process Magazine.
76
DFS 100-10-16-4-72 L 6 H 153. 7-Sep-72.-The 2nd of the current in "El Quemado",
Municipality of Atoyac de
Álvarez, 41 elements of the Fight Commission of the Party of the Poor were
detained, by virtue of
having found in his possession various effects belonging to the troops of the 48th
Infantry Battalion, among
them Ignacio Sánchez Gutiérrez.
77
Sánchez Gutiérrez, Ignacio. –DD, EX- From El Quemado. He was 70 years old.
According to Montemayor (War in the
Paraíso, 1991, 75) was 60 years old. According to MA Acosta Chaparro (1990,
104), he was part of the PdlP.
Arrested on 72/09/02. Accused of participating in the ambush of the army on
08/72/18, along with 75 others
people According to María Roque García (in 439-R), this person died. He was
beaten to death by the EM,
according to the testimony of Juan and Celso Pino Hernández. According to the
testimony of Zohelio Jaimes Chávez [2-
091], he witnessed how Ignacio Sánchez was beaten to death in the dining room in
front of everyone. To your wife
Filemona Cruz González told them her friend Dimas (†) that Ignacio had died,
according to what was published
in the newspaper {Verónica has it in FEMOSPP-Atoyac}. This testimony is also
collected in
Montemayor (1991, 77). They never gave them the body nor do they know where
the body was, no authority
I'll let you know. A comadre – Aleja who lives in Acapulco – said she saw him lying
in the Morgue. To the photographer of
newspaper that published the photo beat him. Juan and Celso Pino Hernández
also testify to this
murder.
78
Testimony R 3 189 67
torture, and the disappearance of her husband. “They took us blindfolded and
together with my husband and the
rest of them in an armored truck, gray black, when we arrived we could hear
who were marching and with a flag and something like that, they passed us
through a tunnel and
left there, where every day was the same for us because we were in the
darkness and they no longer let us listen. (…) There was torture. At that time I was
pregnant with my youngest son, I was 6 months pregnant and still there was
torture.
(…) They did not put me in the water tank but they did give me electric shocks and
an attempt to
rape. (…) I had two interrogations and then they took me out in the early morning, I
They left me near where I had lived, but for that they had taken the child they had
taken away from me.
brought with me, whose name is Antonio Castillo, threatening me that they were
going to kill us and that
They were going to kill the child if we didn't answer what they wanted, thus they
martyred their
dad, and after taking it off I didn't know where they had it until when I came out I
demanded that
that they should return the child to me, and they told me that they had already
killed my son, that I was going to leave
but not my son. I went out, I demanded my son again, so they put me back in the
car
bandaged and they took me to the house of a woman I also knew called
Dominga without remembering their last names, who had several children in her
house who took her from
people who had children with them and were going to leave them with her to take
care of them, and between
them there was mine. (…) Regarding the subsequent effects on children, it is like
the case of
my son, that when they grabbed us they put the gun to the boy's head and
threatened
my husband with killing our child, who was crying out of fear, jerked around and
they grabbed him
stronger (…). That was very bad for the child, every time he remembered that, he
cried, and
He said that just as they were going to kill him, maybe they would kill his father,
those were things that were
They were recorded. When my other child was born it was difficult for him because
of all the fear that one
It happened, he resented it, he no longer knew his father because three months
after they let me free
I had my birth. (…) They had my sister-in-law tied up and beaten her, without
drinking water,
They hit a lot in the stomach, on the sides, even though she always lived in the
D.F. and I didn't know about the movement in the State of Guerrero. He also
suffered an attempt to
rape. He didn't tell me anymore. It was something that one wanted to forget. They
didn't hit me like that
maybe because I was pregnant, but they gave me electric shocks, threatened me,
they kicked. So many things. Without owing it or anything
79
.
Testimonies of massive human rights violations
On April 7 to 14, 1978, according to testimonies offered by the
population in a town assembly, in front of their authorities and before two civil
bodies of
recognized trajectory in the field of Human Rights, the Mexican army carried out
raids on towns in the Tierra Caliente de Guerrero in which he brutally murdered
cold blood, on July 10, 1978 to Mr. Pedro Cortés, of Las Higuerillas, municipality of
Ajuchitlán; and they killed the child Alejandro Rebollar Gama, two years old,
consequence of the torture inflicted on him on July 13 to 15, 1978 in the
La Cañita town, Coacoyul ejido, Municipality of Ajuchitlán. To the women of 'Puerto
Grande', Municipality of Ajuchitlán, raped them repeatedly, with luxury of violence
and
of viciousness There are testimonies from the following victims: Domingo Aguirre,
Felipe Cruz Maldonado, Gloria Cruz Chávez, Florentina Cruz Chávez, Guadalupe
Valle
Aguirre, Josefa Valle Aguirre, Cira Valle Aguirre, J. Isabel Valle Aguirre, J.
Loneliness
Mendoza Serrano, and Tomás Rebollar Gama. The men of that town were kept

79
R-3-014 68
naked in the sun, without food and torturing them during the days of April 7, 8, 9
and 10, 1978.
The way in which this happened is recounted in a chilling way in the testimonies
that
they are annexed. Among the tortures to which the men were subjected, in addition
to the
helplessness of not being able to defend their wives and daughters from scorn,
they were
hanging from a tree, being thrown from the tree tied hand and foot, being
buried alive, being beaten with logs, irons and whips until they fainted, being
smeared with nestlé milk and placed in anthills to be stung by ants. Between
Those responsible who were recognized are Lieutenant Colonel Moisés Bahena, a
Captain
Balderas and another captain Góngora. In addition to the physical and emotional
damage, the troops stole and
He looted all the houses, taking everything of value he found and destroying what
was not going to be saved.
carry. The testimonies, in an attached document, give an account of the derision
and what the army
robbed the families of the declarants.
Also in that same month from April 9/11 to April 12/13, the troops entered and
made
outrages of the same nature as those already mentioned, in several towns of
'Puerto
Grande', 'Las Higuerillas', 'La Cañita', 'Los Pocitos' and 'La Lajita' of the 'El Balcón'
ejido.
The torture and looting also occurred. The women were forced to undress and,
alternating, they hung them from the neck, they hung from the feet and they hung
from the arms, giving him
turns the rope so that, when released, the women would spin violently, and the
They were subjected to various humiliations and multiple rapes. The most
unimaginable tortures
are related by some of the following injured parties who gave their testimony:
Sotera
López Quirino, Victoria Márquez Hernández, Emma Santoyo Gallegos, Angelita
Atanacio
Márquez, Catalina López Quirino, María Rauda Barajas, Mariana Méndez
Sánchez, Rufina
López Quirino, Concepción Espinoza López, Lorenza Saucedo Atanacio, Catalina
Aguirre
Garduño, Miguela Alarcón López, Enedina Rentería Mojica, Hermila Vargas Villa,
Flavio
Orozco Sánchez, Petrocinia Gallegos Villa, María Orozco Gallegos, Eloisa Orozco
Gallegos, Ángela González Cerón, Margarito González Atanacio.
According to J. Soledad Mendoza Serrano, eyewitness to the murder of Mr.
Pedro Cortés, they took him to disappear: “it's going to be time to kill this guy
also"; until it escaped them. This person recounts the trajectory of the army: On the
10th
They grab him and Don Pedro Cortés, on the way from Las Higuerillas to Puerto
Grande
where, each one, they were going to buy a load of corn. The army found them and
tortured them.
Pedro Cortés could not endure the torture and died. For the town of Las Higuerillas
the army
He forced Soledad to dig a grave for Pedro and buried him in the mountains and
then
He set fire to erase the trace. With the group that brought him, they were in Las
Higuerillas on the 11th and left for La Lajita on the 12th, on Thursday, April 13 at
around 11:00
army left for Las Cañitas where they remained until Sunday the 16th, the day they
left
for Coacoyul. There they slept and on the 17th they left for Pizotla, where they
stayed until
on the 20th from where they left at around 3:30 PM heading to Chamichi. There
they slept and, the next day
Next they left for Ciudad Altamirano, passing through San Juan Chámacua, where
The army cars were already waiting for them and took them to Altamirano on the
23rd. TO
They took him to the barracks and locked him in a room where they had to eat him.
On the 29th
April, Captain Góngora and another soldier took him out at 6 in the afternoon in a
private car
to Mexico City, where he was until Monday, May 1, when at around 8:00 a.m.
In the morning he jumped over the fence and started running. That day he was
able to get to
Tlapehuala and walked to Corral Falso. On May 2 he met his mother and returned
to
her land. There are 29 testimonies from these victims. 69
8.7.2. Magnitude of the problem
According to the information obtained, 204 minors were victims of
arbitrary arrests, forced disappearances, deaths or injuries in massacres,
executions
and/or tortured.
Abarca Benítez, Esteban. (a) 'Guillermo', minor who disappeared on 10/74/12 in
Guerrero; Ablanedo Aguirre, Elia, minor detained on
09/68/18 in Federal District; Ablanedo Aguirre, Judith, minor detained on 09/68/18
in the Federal District; Acosta Bonilla, Miguel, minor
arrested on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Adame Gervasio, Ernestina, minor
detained on 76/-/- in Guerrero; Adame Gervasio, Flavio,
minor detained on 76/-/- in Guerrero; Adame Gervasio, Margarito, minor detained
on 76/-/- in Guerrero; Aguilar Sánchez, Ricardo,
minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal District; Alarcón Casas, Pedro, minor
detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Alejo Cruz,
Julián, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal District; Alvarez del Castillo
Rodríguez, Jorge, minor detained on 09/68/18 in District
Federal; Amaro Alcalá, Serafín, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal District;
Andrade Malfabon, Mario Humberto, minor detained on
09/68/18 in Federal District; Antonio Castillo Mesino, minor detained on 11/76/18 in
Guerrero; Araiza Tapia, Carlos, minor detained on
02/67/26 in Sonora; Arellano González, Guillermo, minor detained on 10/68/02 in
the Federal District; Arenas Estrada, Raúl, minor
arrested on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Arizmendi Cano, Luis, minor detained
on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Atondo Rodríguez,
Jesús Amadero, minor detained on 02/67/26 in Sonora; Austreberta, minor
detained on 01/72/15 in Guerrero; Ayala Nava, Isabel (a)
'Flor María Libertad', 'Eva María Libertad', minor detained on 11/74/25 in Guerrero;
Barona (Varona) Salazar, María Magdalena, minor
arrested on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Barrientos Serafín, Carmela, minor
detained on 10/74/25 in Guerrero; Barrientos Serafin,
Humberto, minor detained on 10/74/25 in Guerrero; Barrientos Serafín, Sofía,
minor detained on 10/74/25 in Guerrero; Bautista Andalon
Guillermo, minor who disappeared on 04/77/20 in Jalisco; Benítez Radilla,
Francisco, minor detained on 06/74/07/ in Guerrero; Bolio
García, Joaquín Gabriel, minor detained on 10/68/03 in the Federal District;
Bustamante Acuña, Hernán, minor arrested on 02/67/26 in
Sonoran; Caballero Ortiz, Manuel, minor detained on 09/68/24 in the Federal
District; Caballero Rayna, Arturo, minor arrested on 09/68/19
in Federal District; Caballero Rivero, Arturo, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the
Federal District; Cabañas Ayala, Micaela, minor detained
on 11/74/25 in Guerrero; Cabello Cruz, Arturo, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the
Federal District; Caldera Moreno, Jesús, minor detained on
10/68/03 in Federal District; Calderón Álvarez, Juan, minor detained on 10/68/03 in
the Federal District; Camarena Flores, José Luis, minor
arrested on 09/68/24 in the Federal District; Campos González, Pedro, minor
detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal District; Campos Sánchez,
Manuel, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal District; Campuzano Reygoza,
Enrique, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District;
Cano Bocanegra, José, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Caro
Salas, Álvaro, minor detained on sf in Guerrero; Castle
Iturio, Margarito, minor disappeared on 11/76/26 in Guerrero; Castillo Leyva, Inés,
minor who disappeared on 75/-/- in Guerrero; Castle
Mesino, Antonio, minor detained on 11/76/18 in Guerrero; Celis Pineda, Gilberto,
minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Cetine
Urbina, Alejandra Virginia, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal District;
Chacón Hernández, José, minor detained on 09/68/24 in
Federal District; Chávez Correa, Pedro, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal
District; Clavel Domínguez, Epifanio, minor detained on
07/78/21 in Guerrero; Cortes Jiménez, José Guadalupe, minor detained on
09/68/23 in the Federal District; Cortés Villegas, Juan, minor
arrested on 10/68/03 in the Federal District; Covarrubias Melgar, Dante, minor
detained on 06/78/21 in Guerrero; Covarrubias Melgar,
Felipe, minor detained on 06/78/21 in Guerrero; Covarrubias Melgar, Lenín, minor
detained on 06/78/21 in Guerrero; Cristabel Fierro
Rodríguez, minor detained on 02/77/07 in Guerrero; Cruz Alvarez, Federico, minor
detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Of Jesus
Vázquez, Jacinto, minor who disappeared on 08/77/21 in Guerrero; De la Cruz
Llanes, Mariana, minor who disappeared on 08/74/24 in
Warrior; De los Santo Flores, Alejandro, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal
District; Delgado Jiménez, Emilio, missing minor
on 04/74/25 in Guerrero; Domínguez Noyola, Domingo, minor detained on
07/78/21 in Guerrero; Enríquez García, Armando, minor
arrested on 09/68/23 in the Federal District; Espejo Aguilar, Gildardo, minor
detained on 02/67/26 in Sonora; Farfán Rivera, Gabriel, minor
arrested on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Figueroa, Ambrosio, minor
extrajudicially executed on yes in Guerrero; Figueroa, Eucaria and
Martha, minor extrajudicially executed on yes in Guerrero; Flores Carrasco Juan
Germán, minor who disappeared on 08/77/20 in Sinaloa;
Franco García, José, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal District; Fuentes
De la Fuente, Esperanza, minor detained on 09/68/18 in
Federal District; Galindo Posadas, Segundino Jose Luis, minor detained on
10/68/03 in the Federal District; Gallangos Cabrera, 'In utero',
minor disappeared on 06/75/19 in the Federal District; Galván Vázquez, Juana,
minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Gamboa
Mirales, Eugenio Jorge, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; García
Atondo, Rolando, minor detained on 02/67/26 in Sonora;
García Castro Luis Francisco, minor who disappeared on 08/77/28 in Sinaloa;
García Peguero, Raúl, minor detained on 09/68/19 in District
Federal; García Ramírez, Alberto, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal
District; García Salcedo, José Hugo, minor detained on
10/68/03 in Federal District; Gómez, Ángel., minor detained on 07/78/21 in
Guerrero; González Cárdenas, Marcial, minor detained on
09/68/18 in Federal District; González Juárez, Oscar, minor detained on 02/76/03
in Guerrero; Grovas Villanueva, Adolfo, minor
arrested on 10/68/02 in the Federal District; Gutiérrez Fuentes, J. Natividad, minor
detained on 73/-/- in Guerrero; Gutiérrez Fuentes, José
Guadalupe, minor detained on 74/-/- in Guerrero; Gutiérrez Palacios, Carlos, minor
detained on 09/68/24 in the Federal District; Gutierrez
Ramos, Miguel Angel, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Gutiérrez
Villalba, Delfino, minor arrested on 09/68/19 in
Federal District; Guzmán Cruz Adenabe Solon, minor who disappeared on 08/74/
in Michoacán; Guzmán Cruz Venustiano, minor
disappeared on 07/74/ in Michoacán; Guzmán Trigos, Antonio, minor detained on
09/68/23 in the Federal District; Hernandez Barrera,
Mario, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Hernández Bravo, Raúl,
minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District;
Hernández Hernández, Daniel, minor detained on 09/68/24 in the Federal District;
Hernández Méndez, Consuelo, minor detained on
09/68/18 in Federal District; Hernández Ortega, Javier, minor detained on 09/68/24
in the Federal District; Hernández Ramírez, Ignacio,
minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Hernández Reyes, Félix, minor
detained on 10/68/03 in the Federal District; Hernandez
Sánchez, Roberto, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Iturio
Barrientos, Armando, minor who disappeared on 11/76/18 in
Warrior; Iturio de Jesús, Jacinto, minor who disappeared on 08/77/21 in Guerrero;
Jaimes Chávez, Zahelio, minor detained on 10/68/02 in
Federal District; Koel Castro, Enrique, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal
District; León Díaz Héctor Arnoldo, missing minor
on 04/77/25 in Sinaloa; Lerdo Ortiz, Juan, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the
Federal District; López Mena, Fernando, minor detained on
10/68/02 in Federal District; López Muratalla, Jorge, minor detained on 09/68/19 in
the Federal District; Luébano Ornelas, Manuel, minor
arrested on 09/68/24 in the Federal District; Maldonado Tirado, Francisco, minor
detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Marquez Perez
Francisco Javier, minor who disappeared on 08/77/19 in Sinaloa; Marquez
Vázquez, Juan, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal District;
Martínez Flores, Josefina, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District;
Martínez Peña, Guillermo, minor arrested on 09/68/24 at 70
Federal District; Martínez Pérez, Jil, minor extrajudicially executed on sf in
Guerrero; Martínez Rojas, Arturo, minor detained on
09/68/19 in Federal District; Martínez Soto, Raúl, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the
Federal District; Maya Jaimez, Joel, minor detained on
09/68/23 in Federal District; Medina Ugaldea, Bernardo, minor detained on
09/68/23 in the Federal District; Mejía Martínez, Fernando,
minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Mena Torres, 'Nonato', minor
who disappeared on 01/76/31 in the Federal District; Mendoza
Valdéz, Dulce María, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Millán
García Felipe Angel, minor who disappeared on 08/77/19 in
Sinaloa; Moncada Hernández, José manuel, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the
Federal District; Montes de, Oca Carlos, minor detained on
10/68/03 in Federal District; Morales Piza, Clemente., minor detained on 09/72/ in
Guerrero; Moreno Anaya, Rogelio, minor detained on
10/68/02 in Federal District; Mota, Alejandro, minor detained on 01/72/15 in
Guerrero; Mota, Guadalupe., minor arrested on 01/72/15
in Guerrero; Mújica Vilar, Guillermo, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal
District; Nàjera Cabañas, Berenice, minor detained on
04/73/25 in Guerrero; Nava Ríos, Fredy., minor disappeared on 05/77/01 in
Guerrero; Navarrete Olivarez, Gerardo, minor detained on
09/68/19 in Federal District; Navarrete Peralta, María del Carmen, minor detained
on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Ocampo Delgado,
Delfino, minor extrajudicially executed on 07/66/27 in Guerrero; Paredes Jorge,
Luis, minor detained on 09/68/18 in District
Federal; Paz Cabrera, Oscar, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal District;
Peralta Rivera, Toribio, minor extrajudicially executed
on 10/74/04 in Guerrero; Pérez Cuéllar, Claudio, minor detained on 09/68/24 in the
Federal District; Pérez De la Garza, Guillermo, minor
arrested on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Pérez Montes, Guillermo, minor
detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Perez Reyes,
Dionicio, minor detained on 09/68/24 in the Federal District; Pérez Rodríguez,
Víctor, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District;
Porchat Maldonado, Jesús, minor detained on 02/67/26 in Sonora; Porras
Reynoso, Roberto, minor detained on 09/68/24 in District
Federal; Puig Sol, Lucila, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District;
Ramírez Gómez, Martín, minor extrajudicially executed
the sf in Guerrero; Ramírez Samaycón, José Abel., minor who disappeared on
11/71/24 in Guerrero; Ramírez Villar, Alfredo, minor detained
on 10/68/02 in the Federal District; Ramos Muñoz, Marco Antonio, minor detained
on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Reroll Range,
Alejandro, minor extrajudicially executed on 07/78/13 or 15 in Guerrero; Reséndiz
Mosqueda, Rubén, minor arrested on 10/68/02 in
Federal District; Reyes Fierro, Marquina., minor who disappeared on 12/74/03 in
Guerrero; Reyes Govantes, Maria Alejandra, minor
arrested on 10/68/03 in the Federal District; Reyes Valdez, Sergio, minor detained
on 10/68/03 in the Federal District; Reynoso Camacho, Flower
Esmeralda, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Rincón López,
Sergio, minor detained on 09/68/24 in the Federal District;
Robles Robles, Sergio, minor detained on 02/67/26 in Sonora; Rodríguez Cruz,
Mario César, minor detained on 10/68/02 in District
Federal; Rodríguez Hernández, René, minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal
District; Rodríguez Leal, Juan, minor detained on 09/68/24
in Federal District; Rodríguez Prieto, Manuel, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the
Federal District; Rodríguez Saucedo, Joel, minor detained
on 09/68/24 in the Federal District; Rojas Domínguez, Aurelio, minor detained on
10/68/031 in the Federal District; Roldán Torres, Gustavo,
minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Romero Centeno, Fernando,
minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Rosemary
Dionisio, Israel, minor disappeared on 03/74/13 in Guerrero; Romero Flores,
Justino, minor who disappeared on 09/76/09 in Guerrero;
Romero Flores, Pastor, minor who disappeared on 09/76/09 in Guerrero; Rosado
Mendoza, Alejandro, minor detained on 09/68/18 in
Federal District; Rosales Cortés, Celso, minor detained on 07/78/21 in Guerrero;
Rosas Berrena, Mario Alberto, minor detained on
09/68/18 in Federal District; Sánchez Bernardo, Jaime, minor detained on 09/68/19
in the Federal District; Sánchez Cortes, Aurelio, minor
arrested on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Sánchez De la Cruz, Jorge Arturo,
minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal District; Sanchez
León, Vicente, minor detained on 02/67/26 in Sonora; Sánchez Patiño, Abel, minor
arrested on 76 in Guerrero; Sánchez Ramírez, José
Antonio, minor detained on 09/68/24 in the Federal District; Sánchez Rivera,
'newborn', minor disappeared on 04/76/10 in Guerrero;
Sánchez Romero, Rogelio, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal District;
Sánchez Saloma, Esperanza, minor detained on 09/68/18 in
Federal District; Sánchez Sandoval, Enrique, minor detained on 09/68/24 in the
Federal District; Sánchez Vázquez Miguel Ángel, minor
disappeared on 04/77/07 in Jalisco; Serafín Juárez, Marcelo, minor who
disappeared on 05/74/04 in Guerrero; Serra del, Valle Marcelo
Antonio, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal District; Silva Córdoba,
Reynaldo, minor detained on 02/67/26 in Sonora; Solorio,
Elvia, minor extrajudicially executed on 07/66/27 in Guerrero; Sosa Ferreira, José
Gastón, minor detained on 10/68/02 in District
Federal; Tagle Montes, Guillermo, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal
District; Tecla Parra Adolfo, a minor who disappeared in 1978 in
New Lion; Tolentino López, Sabino, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal
District; Torres Adame, Joaquín, missing minor on sf
in Guerrero; Torres Valencia, Elías, minor detained on 09/68/19 in the Federal
District; Trejo Yánez, David, minor detained on 09/68/24 in
Federal District; Uriostegui Cepeda, Isaías, minor extrajudicially executed on
07/74/01 in Guerrero; Uriostegui Flores, Efraín,
minor extrajudicially executed on yes in Guerrero; Valero Becerra, Eugenia, minor
detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Vazquez
Solís, Genaro, minor detained on 07/71/14 in Guerrero; Vega Vázquez, Rodolfo,
minor detained on 09/68/18 in the Federal District; Truthful
Romero, Rodolfo, minor detained on 10/68/02 in the Federal District; Villalobos
Mejía, Leopoldo, minor detained on 09/68/24 in District
Federal; Villaverde Acosta, José Luis, minor detained on 09/68/23 in the Federal
District; Wong Alvarez, Jorge Víctor, minor detained on
09/68/18 in Federal District; Zamora Romero, Rodolfo, minor detained on 09/68/18
in the Federal District.

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