CBSE : X - CLASS - COURSE MATERIAL ADDING

QUESTIONS (TERM - 1)

4. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

NCERT EXERCISE - 4.1

1. Check whether the following are quadratic equations :

i) (x + 1)2 == 2(x –3) ii) x2 – 2x = (–2) (3 –
x)
iii) (x – 2) (x + 1) = (x – 1) (x + 3) iv) (x – 3) (2x + 1) = x(x + 5)
v) (2x – 1) (x – 3) = (x + 5) (x – 1) vi) x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – 2)2
vii) (x + 2)3 = 2x(x2 – 1) viii) x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = (x – 2)3
Sol : i) (x + 1)2 = 2(x –3)  x2 + 2x + 1 = 2x – 6
 x2 + 2x – 2x + 1 + 6 = 0  x2 + 7 = 0
2
 x + 0.x + 7 = 0
Which is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
ii) x2 – 2x = (–2) (3 – x)  x2 – 2x = 6 + 2x
2
 x – 4x + 6 = 0
Which is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
iii) (x – 2) (x + 1) = (x – 1) (x + 3)
 x2 + x – 2x – 2 = x2 + 3x – x – 3
 x2 + x – 2x – 2 – x2 – 3x + x + 3 = 0
 –3x + 1 = 0  3x – 1 = 0
Since degree of equation is 1, hence, given equation is not a quadratic equation.
iv) (x – 3) (2x + 1) = x(x + 5)
 2x2 + x – 6x – 3 = x2 + 5x
 2x2=+x – 6x – 3 – x2 – 5x = 0  x2 – 10x – 3 = 0
Which of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
v) (2x – 1) (x – 3) = (x + 5) (x – 1)
 2x2 – 6x – x + 3 = x2 – x + 5x – 5
 2x2 – 6x – x + 3 – x2 + x – 5x + 5 = 0  x2 – 11x + 8 = 0
Which of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
vi) x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – 2)2

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  x2 + 3x + 1 = x2 + 4 – 4x
 x2 + 3x + 1 – x2 – 4 + 4x = 0  7x – 3 = 0
Since degree of equation is 1, hence, the given equaiton is not a quadratic
equation.
vii) (x + 2)3 = 2x(x2 – 1)
 x3 8 + 3x.2 (x + 2) = 2x3 – 2x
 x3 + 8 + 6x2 + 12 x = 2x3 – 2x
 x3 – 6x2 – 14x – 8 = 0
Which is not of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation.
viii) x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = (x – 2)3
 x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = x3 -8 + 3x(–2) (x – 2)
 x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 8  2x2 – 13x + 9 = 0
Which is of the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
2. Represent the following situations in the form of quadratic equations :
i) The area of a rectangular plot is 528 m2. The length of the plot (in metres) is one more
than twice its breadth. We need to find the length and breadth of the plot.
ii) The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306. We need to find the integers.
iii) Rohan’s mother is 26 yeras older than him. The product of their ages (in years) 3 years
from now will be 360. We would like to find Rohan’s present age.
iv) A train travels a distance of 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 8 km/h less,
then it would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same distance. We need to find the
speed of the train.
Sol. i) Let breadth of the reactangular plot = x m
Then, length of the plot = (2x + 1) m
Area of a rectangular plot = l × b
 528 = (2x + 1)x  528 = 2x2 + x
 2x2 + x – 528 = 0
Which is the required quadratic equation.
ii) Let the two consecutive integers be x and x + 1
Then, x(x + 1) = 306  x2 + x – 306 = 0
Which is the required quadratic equation.
iii) Let the present age of Rohan = x years
Rohan’s mother’s present age = (x + 26) years
After 3 years, Rohan’s age = (x + 3) years

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 According to the question ,After 3 years, Rohan’s mother’s age = (x + 26 + 3)
years
(x + 3) (x + 29) = 360
 x2 + 29x + 3x + 87 – 360 = 0
 x2 + 32x – 273 = 0
Which is the required quadratic equation.
iv) Let speed of the train = x km/h
Total distance to be covered = 480 km
distance 480
Time  
speed x
Decreased speed of the train = (x – 8) km/h
480
Now, Time 
x 8
According to question,
480 480  1 1
 3  480   3
x 8 x x 8 x

x  x  8
 480  3  480  8  3x  x  8 
 x  x  8 
 3840 = 3x2– 24x  3x2 – 24 x– 3840 = 0
 x2 – 8x – 1280 = 0
Which is the required quadratic equation.

NCERT EXERCISE - 4.2

1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by factorisation :

i) x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 ii) 2x2 + x – 6 = 0

1
iii) 2x 2  7x  5 2  0 iv) 2x2 – x + =0
8
v) 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0
Sol : i) x2 – 3x – 10 = 0  x2 – 5x + 2x – 10 = 0
 x(x – 5) + 2 (x – 5) = 0  (x + 2) (x – 5) = 0
 x + 2 = 0 or x – 5 = 0
 x = – 2 or x = 5
Hence, the roots 5, – 2.
ii) 2x2 + x – 6 = 0  2x2 + 4x – 3x – 6 = 0
 2x(x + 2) – 3 (x + 2) = 0  (2x – 3) (x + 2) = 0
 2x – 3 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
 2x = 3 or x = –2

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 3
 x= or x = –2
2
3
Hence, the roots are –2, .
2

iii) 2x 2  7x  5 2  0
 2x 2  5x  2x  5 2  0
 x  
2x  5  2  
2x  5  0 
 x 2  
2x  5  0

x 2  0 or 2x  5  0
5
 x   2 or x  
2
5
Hence, the roots are  2,  .
2

1 16x 2  8x  1
iv) 2x – x +  0
2  0
8 8
 16x2 – 8x + 1 = 0  16x 2  4x  4x  1  0
 4x  4x  1  1  4x  1  0   4x  1 4x  1  0
 4x – 1 = 0 or 4x – 1 = 0
 4x = 1 or 4x = 1
1 1
 x or x 
4 4
1 1
Hence, the roots are ,
4 4
v) 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0  100x2 – 10x – 10x + 1 = 0
 10x (10x – 1)–1 (10x – 1) = 0  (10x – 1) (10x – 1) = 0
1
 10x – 1 = 0 or 10x – 1 = 0  x
10
1
or x 
10
1 1
Hence, the roots are ,
10 10
2. Solve the following situations mathematically :
i) John and Jivanti together have 45 marbles. Both of them lost 5 marbles each and the

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 product of the number of marbles they now have is 124. We would like to find
out how many marbles they had to start with.
ii) A cottage industry produces a certain number of toys in a day. The cost of
production of each toy (in rupees) was found to be 55 minus the number of
toys produced in a day. On a particular day, the total cost of production was `
750. We would like to find out the number of toys produced on that day.
Sol. i) Let the number of marbles John had be x.
Then, the number of marbles Jivanti had = 45 – x
The number of marbles left with John, when he lost 5 marbles = x – 5
The number of marbles left with Jivanti, when she lost 5 marbles = 45 – x – 5 = 40 - x
According to question
(x – 5) (40 – x) = 124  40x – x2 – 200 + 5x = 124
2
 x – 45x + 324 = 0  x2 – 36x – 9x + 324 = 0
 x(x – 36) – 9 (x – 36) = 0  (x – 9) (x – 36) = 0
 x – 9 = 0 or x – 36 = 0
 x = 9 or x = 36
Number of marbles they had to start with 9 and 36.
ii) Let the number of toys produced in a day be x
Then, cost of production of each toy on that day = `(55 – x)
Total cost of production on that day = x (55 – x)
According to question
x (55 – x) = 750  55x – x2 = 750
 x2 – 55x + 750 = 0  x2 – 25x – 30x + 750 = 0
 x(x – 25) – 30(x – 25) = 0  (x – 30) (x – 25) = 0
 x – 30 = 0 or x – 25 = 0
 x = 30 or x = 25
Number of toys produced on that day was 25 or 30.
3. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.
Sol. Let one number = x,  other number = 27 – x
According to question,
x (27 – x) = 182  x2 – 27x + 182 = 0
 x2 – 14x – 13x + 182 = 0  x(x – 14) – 13(x – 14) = 0
 (x – 13) (x – 14) = 0
 x – 13 = 0 or x – 14 = 0
 x = 13 or x = 14
Hence, the numbers are 13 and 14.
4. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.
Sol. Le the two consecutive integers be x and x + 1.

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 According to question,
x2 + (x + 1)2 = 365  x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 = 365
2
 2x + 2x – 364 = 0  x2 + x – 182 = 0
 x2 + 14x – 13x – 182 = 0  x(x + 14) – 13(x + 14) = 0
 (x - 13) ( x + 14 )= 0  x 13, -14
(–14 is rejected because it is negative integer)
Hence, the two consecutive positive integers are 13 and 13 + 1 = 24.
5. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm,
find the other two sides.
Sol. Let base = x cm,  height = (x – 7) cm
By Pythagoras theorem,
(base)2 + (height)2 = (hypotenuse)2
 x2 + (x – 7)2 = (13)2  x2 + x2 + 49 – 14x = 169
 2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0  x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
2
 x – 12x + 5x – 60 = 0  x(x – 12) + 5(x – 12) = 0
 (x + 5) (x – 12) = 0
 x – 12 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
 x = 12 or x = – 5
(–5 is rejected as sides can never be negative)
 Base = 12 cm and altitude = 12 – 7 = 5 cm)
6. A cottage industry produces a certain number of pottery articles in a day. It was observed on a
particular day that the cost of production of each article (in rupees) was 3 more than twice the
number of articles produced on that day. If the total cost of production on that day was Rs. 90,
find the number of articles produced and the cost of each article.
Sol. Let total number of pottery articles produced in a day = x
90
Cost of production of each article = `
x
According to question,
90
2x + 3 =
x
 x (2x + 3) = 90  2x2 + 3x = 90
 2x2 + 3x – 90 = 0  2x2 + 15x – 12x – 90 = 0
 x(2x + 15) – 6 (2x + 15) = 0  (2x + 15) (x – 6) = 0

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  2x = – 15 or x – 6 = 0
15 15
 x= or x = 6 (  is rejected)
2 2
 Number of articles produced per day = 6
90
Cost of production of each article = = `15
6

NCERT EXERCISE - 4.3

1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, if they exist, by the method of
completing the square :
i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 ii) 2x2 + x – 4 = 0

iii) 4x 2  4 3x  3  0 iv) 2x2 + x + 4 = 0

Sol : i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0  2x2 – 7x = –3
Dividing both sides by 2, we get
7 3
x2  x 
2 2
2
1  7 
Adding the square of coefficient of x, i.e.   on both sides, we get
2  4
2 2
2 7  7  3  7 
x  x    
2  4 2  4
2 2
 7 3 49  7 24  49
x    x  
 4 2 16  4 16
2 2 2
 7 25  7  5
 x     x     
 4 16  4  4

7 5
x 
4 4
7 5 7 5
x  and x   
4 4 4 4
5 7 5 7
x  and  x   
4 4 4 4
12 2 1
 x and x   x = 3 and x =
4 4 2

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 1
Hence, x  3, are the roots of the given quadratic equation.
2
ii) 2x2 + x – 4 = 0  2x2 + x = 4
On dividing both sides by 2, we get.
1
x2  x  2
2
2
1  1 1
Adding the square of coefficient of x, i.e,    on both sides, we get
2  2 2
2 2
2 1  1 1  1 1
x  x    2  
2  2 2  2 2

1 1 1
 x2  x   2 
2 16 16
2 2
2
 1 33  1  33 
 x    or  x     
 4 16 4  4 

1 33 1 33
 x  and x   
4 4 4 4
33 1 33 1
x  and x   
4 4 4 4
33  1  33  1
x and x 
4 4
33  1  33  1
Hence, the roots are and
4 4
iii) 4x 2  4 3x  3  0
4 3 3
 x2  3x   0  x 2  3x  
4 4 4
2
1  3
Adding the square of coefficient x, i.e.,   on both sides, we get
2  2 
2 2
2
 3 3  3 
 x  3x     
 2  4  2 

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 2 2
 3 3 3  3
x     x  0
 2  4 4  2 

3 3
 x  0 and x  0
2 2
 3  3
x and x 
2 2

 3  3
Hence, the roots are and
2 2
iv) 2x2 + x + 4 = 0
1 4 1
 x2  x   0  x 2  x  2
2 2 2
2
1  1 1
Adding the square of coefficient of x, i.e.    on both sides, we get
2  2 2
2 2 2
1
2  1  1  1 1
 x  x     2      x    2 
2  4  4  4 16
2 2
 1 32  1  1 31
 x     x   
 4 16  4 16
2 2
 1  31 
x    
 4  4 
Which is impossible as square root of negative integers is not possible.
Hence, the roots do not exist.
2. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by applying the quadratic formula.
i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 ii) 2x2 + x – 4 = 0 iii) 4x2 + 4 3x  3  0 iv) 2x2 + x + 4 = 0
Sol. i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
Where a = 2, b = –7 and c =3
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (–7)2 –4 × 2 × 3 = 49 – 24 = 25
Since, D > 0
Let roots are  and 

 b  D   7  25 7  5 12
    3
2a 22 4 4

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  b  D   7  25 7  5 2 1
    
2a 22 4 4 2
1
Hence, the roots are 3, .
2
ii) 2x2 + x – 4 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Where a = 2, b = 1 and c = –4
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (1)2 – 4 × 2(–4) = 1 + 32 = 33
Since, D > 0
Let roots are  and 

 b  D 1  33
 
2a 4
 b  D 1  33
 
2a 4
1  33 1  33
Hence, the roots are ,
4 4

iii) 4x 2  4 3x  3  0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
where a = 4, b = 4 3 and c = 3
2
Discriminant,  
D = b2 – 4ac =  4 3  4  4  3  48  48  0
Since, D= 0
Roots are
 b  D 4 3  0 4 3  3
   
2a 8 8 2
 b  D 4 3  0 4 3  3
   
2a 8 8 2

 3  3
Hence, the roots are , .
2 2
iv) 2x2 + x + 4 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a = 2, b = 1 and c = 4
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (1)2 – 4 × 2 × 4 = 1 – 32 = –31 < 0
Roots do not exist as D is negative.

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3. Find the roots of the following equations
1 1 1 11
i) x   3, x  0 ii)   , x  4, 7
x x  4 x  7 30
x 1 x2  1
Sol. i)  3  3
1 x x
 x2 – 1 = 3x  x2 – 3x – 1 = 0
2
This is of the form ax + bx + c = 0,
where a = 1, b = –3 and c = –1
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4 × 1 × (–1) = 9 + 4 =13
Let roots are  and 

 b  D   3  13 3  13
  
2a 2 1 2

 b  D   3  13 3  13
  
2a 2 1 2
3  13 3  13
Hence, roots are ,
2 2

1 1 11 x  7   x  4 11
ii)    
x  4 x  7 30  x  4 x  7 30
x7x4 11 11 11
 2
  2

x  7x  4x  28 30 x  3x  28 30
1 11
 2

x  3x  28 30
 x2 – 3x – 28 + 30 = 0  x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
2
This is of the form ax + bx + c = 0,
where a = 1, b = –3 and c = 2
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4 × 1 × 2 = 9 – 8 = 1
Let rotos are  and 

 b  D   3  1 3  1 4
    2
2a 2 1 2 2

 b  D   3  1 3  1 2
    1
2a 2 1 2 2
Hence, roots are 2 and 1.

1
4. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s ages, (in years) 3 years ago and 5 years from now is .
3

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 Find his present age.
Sol. Let the present age of Rehman be x years
3 years ago Rehman’s age = (x – 3) years
5yreas from now Rehman’’s age = (x + 5) years.
1 1 1
 
x3 x5 3
x 5 x 3 1 2x  2 1
   
 x  3 x  5 3 2
x  2x  15 3
 6x + 6 = x2 + 2x – 15  x2 – 4x – 21 = 0
 x2 – 7x + 3x – 21 = 0  x(x – 7) + 3(x – 7) = 0
 (x + 3) (x – 7) = 0
 x + 3 = 0 or x – 7 = 0
 x = 7 or –3 (–3 is rejected)
Hence, present age of Rehman is 7 years.
5. In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got 2 marks
more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of their marks would have been
210. Find her marks in the two subjects.
Sol. Let the marks secured by Shefali in Mathematics = x
Then, marks in English = 30 – x
According to question
(x + 2) (30 – x – 3) = 210
 (x + 2) (27 – x) = 210  27x – x2 + 54 – 2x = 210
2
 –x + 25x + 54 – 210 = 0  x2 – 25x + 156 = 0
 x2 – 13x – 12x + 156 = 0  x(x – 13) – 12(x – 13) = 0
 (x – 12) (x – 13) = 0
 x – 12 = 0 or x – 13 = 0
 x = 12 or x = 13
If marks in Maths, x = 12 then, marks in English = 30 – 12 = 18
If marks in Maths, x = 13 then, marks in English = 30 – 13 = 17
6. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer side is
30 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of the field.

 3  3
Sol. Let the shorter side of rectangle x  x =xm
2 2
Then, longer side = (x + 30)m and diagonal = (x + 60) m
In ABC , (x + 60)2 = (x + 30)2 + (x)2 [Pythagoras Theorem]
 x2 + 120x + 3600 = x2 + 60x + 900 + x2
 x2 – 60x – 2700 = 0
 x2 – 90x + 30x – 2700 = 0
 x (x – 90) + 30 (x – 90) = 0  (x + 30) (x – 90) = 0

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  x + 30 = 0 or x – 90 = 0
 x = –30 (rejected) or x = 90
Hence, shorter side = 90 m
Longer side = 90 + 30 = 120 m
7. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8 times
the larger number. Find the two numbers.
Sol. Let the smaller number = x
and the larger number = y
According to question,
y2 – x2 = 180 ... (i)
and x2 = 8y ... (ii)
2
Putting x = 8y in equation (i), we get
y2 – 8y – 180 = 0  y2 – 18y + 10y – 180 = 0
 y (y – 18) + 10 (y – 18) = 0  (y + 10) (y – 18) = 0
 y + 10 = 0 or y – 18 = 0
From equation (ii) x2 = 8y
 x2 = 8 × 18  x2 = 144
 x  12
2

Hence, the smaller number is 12 or –12 and the larger is y 

12
 18 .
8
Two numbers are (12, 18) or (–12, 18).
8. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would have
taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
Sol. Total distance travelled = 360 km
Let uniform speed be x km/h
Then, increased speed = (x + 5) km/h
According to question

360 360  Distance 

 1  Time = 
x x5  Speed 

360  x  5  360x
 1
x  x  5
 360x + 1800 – 360x = x(x + 5)
 1800 = x2 + 5x
 x2 + 5x – 1800 = 0  x2 + 45x – 40x – 1800 = 0
 x(x + 45) – 40 (x + 45) = 0  (x – 40) (x + 45) = 0
 x = 40 or x = –45 (rejected)
 Speed of the train = 40 km/h

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 3
9. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours. The tap of larger diameter takes
8
10 hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time in which
each tap can separately fill the tank.
Sol. Let larger pipe fills the tank in x hours and the smaller pipe fills the tank in y hours.
1
The tank filled by the larger pipe in 1 hour 
x
1
The tank filled by smaller pipe in 1 hour 
y
3 75
Two taps together can fill the tank in 9 hours  hours
8 8
According to question,
75  1 1 
 1 [whole work]----------------------(i)
8  x y 
 Smaller tap takes 10 hours more than the larger tap
 y = x + 10 -------------------------------(ii)
From equation (i), we get
75  1 1 
 1
8  x x  10 


1 1 8 x  10  x 8
    x  x  10  75
x x  10 75
 (2x + 10) × 75 = 8(x2 + 10x)
 8x2 + 80x – 150x – 750 = 0  8x2 – 70x – 750 = 0
 4x2 – 35x – 375 = 0  4x2 – 60x + 25x – 375 = 0
 4x(x – 15) + 25 (x – 15) = 0  (4x + 25) (x – 15) = 0
 4x + 25 = 0 or x – 15 = 0
25
 x (rejected) or x = 15
4
Hence, the larger tap takes 15 hours and smaller tap takes 25 hours to fill the tank.
10. An express train takes I hour less than a passenger train to travel 132 km between Mysore and
Bengaluru (without taking into consideration the time they stop at intermediate stations). If the
average speed of the express train is 11 km/h more than that of the passenger train, find the
average speed of the two trains.
Sol. Let the speed of passenger train = x km / h
Then, the speed of express train be (x + 11) km/h
According to question,

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 132 132 132  x  11  132x
 1   11
x x  11 x  x  11
 132x + 1452 – 132x = x2 + 11x
 x2 + 11x – 1452 = 0  x2 + 44x – 33x – 1452 = 0
 x(x + 44) – 33(x + 44) = 0  (x – 33) (x + 44) = 0
 x – 33 = 0 or x + 44 = 0
 x = 33 or x = –44 (rejected)
Hence, speed of the passenger train = 33 km/h
and speed of the express train = 33 + 11 = 44 km/h
11. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters is 24
m, find the sides of the two squares.
Sol. Let the sides of two squares be x m and y m
According to question,
x2 + y2 = 468 ... (i)
Difference of perimeters = 24 m
 4x – 4y = 24 (x > y)
 x – y = 6 or y = x – 6 ---------------(ii)
From equation (i), we have
x2 + (x – 6)2 = 468  x2 + (x2 + 36 – 12x) = 468
 x2 + x2 + 36 – 12x = 468  2x2 – 12x = 468 – 36
2
 2x – 12x – 432 = 0  x2 – 6x – 216 = 0
 x2 – 18x + 12x – 216 = 0  (x – 18) (x + 12) = 0
 x – 18 = 0 or x + 12 = 0
 x = 18 or x = –12 (rejected)
From equation (ii), y = 18 – 6 = 12
Hence, the sides of two squares are 18 m and 12 m.

NCERT EXERCISE - 4.4

1. Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equations. If the real roots exist, find them

i) 2x2 – 3x + 5 = 0 ii) 3x 2  4 3x  4  0 iii) 2x2 – 6x + 3 = 0

Sol : i) 2x2 – 3x + 5 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
where a = 2, b = –3 and c = 5
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4 × 2 × 5 = 9 – 40 = –31
Since, D < 0
Hence, no real roots exist.

ii) 3x 2  4 3x  4  0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,

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 where a = 3, b =  4 3 and c = 4

Discriminant D = b2 – 4ac = (  4 3 )2 – 4 × 3 × 4 = 48 - 48 = 0
Since, D = 0
Hence, real and equal roots exist.

b  D
x
2a

x

 4 3  0 
4 3
23 6

2 3 2 3
Hence, roots are ,
3 3
iii) 2x2 – 6x + 3 = 0
This is of the form ax2+ bx + c = 0
where a = 2, b = –6 and c = 3
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (–6)2 – 4 × 2 × 3 = 36 – 24 = 12
Since D > 0
Hence, distinct real roots exist.

x
b  D

  6  12 6  4  3 6  2 3 2 3  3
   or

3 3 
2a 22 22 4 4 2

3 3 3 3
Hence, roots are ,
2 2
2. Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equations, so that they have two equal
roots.
i) 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 ii) kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0
Sol. i) 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where, a = 2, b = k and c = 3
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = k2 – 4 × 2 × 3 = k2 – 24
From equal roots,
D= 0

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  k2 – 24 = 0
 k2 = 24 or k   24
 k   4  6  2 6
ii) kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0
 kx2– 2kx + 6 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
where a = k, b = –2k and c = 6
Discriminant D = b2 – 4ac = (–2k)2 – 4 × k × 6 = 4k2 – 24k
For equal roots, D = 0
 4k2 – 24 k = 0  k(4k – 24) = 0
 k = 0 (not possible) or 4k – 24 = 0
 4k = 24
24
 k 6
4
3. Is it possible to design a rectangular mango grove whose length is twice its breadth,
and the area is 800 m2 ? If so, find its length and breadth.
Sol. Let breadth of the rectangular mango grove be x m
Then, the length of rectangular mango grove be 2x m
According to question
x × 2x = 800  2x2 = 800
 x2 = 400  x = 20 [–20 is rejected]
Hence, breadth = 20 m and length = 2 × 20 = 40 m
So, it is possible to design a rectangular mango grove whose length is twice its breadth.
4. Is the following situation possible ? If so, determine their present ages. The sum of the ages of
two friends is 20 years. Four years ago, the product of their ages in years was 48.
Sol. Let the present age of one friend be x years.
Then, the present age of other friend be (20 – x) years
4 years ago, one friend’s age was (x – 4) years
4 years ago, other friend’s age was (20 – x – 4) = (16 – x) years
According to question,
(x – 4) (16 – x) = 48
 16x – x2 – 64 + 4x = 48  x2 – 20x + 112 = 0
This is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where, a = 1, b = –20 and c = 112
Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac = (–20)2 – 4 × 1 × 112 = 400 – 448 = –48 < 0
Since, no real roots exist
So, the given situation is not possible.
5. Is it possible to design a rectangular park of perimeter 80 m and area 400 m2?If So, find its
length and breadth .
Sol: Let the length of rectangular park be x m and breadth be y m.

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 Given area = 400 m2
xy = 400
400
y
x
perimeter = 80m
2(x + y) = 80
x + y = 40
Putting the value of y in equation (i) we get
400
x+ = 40  x2 + 400 = 40 x
x
 x2 – 40x + 400 = 0  x2 – 20x – 20x + 400 = 0
 x (x – 20) – 20(x – 20) = 0  (x –20) (x – 20) = 0
 x – 20 = 0 or x = 20
400 400
Since y  y  20
x 20
Hence, length of park = 20m and breadth of park = 20 m
So, the given situation is possible.

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