The justification is the part of a research project that exposes the reasons that motivated the

research to be carried out. The justification is the section that explains the importance and reasons
that led the researcher to carry out the work.

The justification explains to the reader why and why the chosen topic was investigated. In general, the
reasons that the researcher can give in a justification can be that his work allows him to build or refute
theories; provide a new approach or perspective on the topic; contribute to the solution of a specific
problem (social, economic, environmental, etc.) that affects certain people; generate meaningful and
reusable empirical data; clarify the causes and consequences of a certain phenomenon of interest;
among other.

Among the criteria used to write a justification, the usefulness of the research for other academics or
for other social sectors (public officials, companies, sectors of civil society) is taken into account, the
significance over time it may have, the contribution of new research tools or techniques, updating pre-
existing knowledge, among others. Additionally, the language must be formal and descriptive .

It may help you:

 Introduction (of a project or research)

 Conclusion (of a project or research)

Examples of justification
1. The present research will focus on studying the reproduction habits of salmon in the
Mediterranean region of Europe, since due to recent ecological changes in the water and
temperatures of the region produced by human economic activity, the behavior of these animals
has been modified. Thus, the present work would show the changes that the species has
developed to adapt to the new circumstances of its ecosystem, and deepen theoretical
knowledge about the processes of accelerated adaptation, in addition to offering a
comprehensive look at the environmental damage caused by growth. unsustainable economic,
helping to raise awareness among the local population.
2. We therefore propose to investigate the evolution of the theoretical conceptions of class
struggle and economic structure throughout the work of Antonio Gramsci, since we consider
that previous analyzes have overlooked the fundamentally dynamic and unstable conception of
human society that is present. in Gramsci's works, and which is of vital importance to fully
understand the author's thought.
3. The reasons that led us to investigate the effects of regular cell phone use on the health of
middle-class young people under 18 years of age focus on the fact that this vulnerable sector of
the population is exposed to a greater extent than the rest of society to risks that the
continuous use of cell phone devices may entail, due to their cultural and social habits. We
 therefore intend to help warn about these dangers, as well as generate knowledge that helps in
the treatment of the effects produced by the abuse in the use of this technology.
4. We think that through the detailed analysis of the evolution of financial transactions carried out
in the main stock exchanges of the world during the period 2005-2010, as well as the
investigation about how financial and banking agents perceived the situation of the financial
system, it will allow us to clarify the economic mechanisms that enable the development of an
economic crisis of global dimensions like the one the world experienced starting in 2009, and
thus improve the design of regulatory and counter-cyclical public policies that favor the stability
of the local and international financial system.
5. Our study of the applications and programs developed using the three programming languages
analyzed (Java, C++ and Haskell) can allow us to clearly distinguish the potential that each of
these languages (and similar languages) present for solving specific problems. , in a specific
area of activity. This would allow not only to increase efficiency in relation to long-term
development projects, but also to plan with better results the coding strategies in the projects
that are already being worked on, and to perfect the teaching plans for teaching programming
and computing.
6. This in-depth study of the expansion of the Chinese empire under the Xia dynasty will clarify the
socioeconomic, military and political processes that allowed the consolidation of one of the
oldest states in history, and also understand the expansion of metallurgical and administrative
technologies. along the coastal region of the Pacific Ocean. A deep understanding of these
phenomena will allow us to clarify this little-known period of Chinese history, which was of vital
importance for the social transformations undergone by the people of the region during the
period.
7. Research on the effectiveness of captropil in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions
(particularly hypertension and heart failure) will allow us to determine whether angiotensin is of
vital importance in the protein peptidase blocking processes, or if On the contrary, these effects
can be attributed to other components present in the formula of the drugs frequently prescribed
to patients after medical consultation.

Source: https://www.ejemplos.co/7-ejemplos-de-justificacion-de-trabajo-o-investigacion/
#ixzz62J8orFmu

The APA methodological style , also known as APA standards , is the formal model for preparing
monographic or research works developed by the American Psychological Association (hence its
acronym) and extended to practically the entire world as a standard format for citations and
references. textual.
This regulation includes the various possible cases and unifies the criteria towards a single
format that must organize the entire text , from textual citations, footnotes and final bibliographic
references.

This set of standards is updated regularly, in successive versions that are included in their official
manuals.

Examples of APA standards

1. Sheet margins . When configuring the dimensions of the writing area, we must take into
account a margin of 2.54cm on the four sides of the sheet . This will be constant throughout the
entire text.

2. Footnotes . Notes in the text must be indicated with a successive and corresponding numeral
index ( 1 , 2 , 3 ...) in the body of the text. If they are indications that develop what was said in
the work, they should go at the footer of the page, and may extend over several pages. If they
are complete articles or other types of additional material, they should go as final notes. Under
no circumstances will footnotes be used for bibliographic indications .

3. Page numbering . The pages of the text must always be numbered in the upper or lower left
corner, with the exception, if any, of the cover page, title page and preliminary pages
(acknowledgments, epigraphs, etc. ) which will be taken into account in the numbering but not
They will carry the figure . Finally, the page number must be accompanied by the last name of
the author of the text, namely:

 Salazar 103

4. Bleeding . The first line of each paragraph (except the initial line of text) must be indented five
(5) spaces before the first word. This space is equivalent to a tab (hitting the “tab” key).

5. Abbreviations . Throughout the text the following abbreviations will be used in all types of
references, quotes or indicative text:

 Chap. for chapter

 ed. for editing
 rev. for revised edition
 trans. for translator or translators
 sf for “no date”
 p. for page and pp. for pages
 Vol. for volume (periodicals)
 number for number (periodicals)
 Pt for part
 Supl for supplement
 ed for editor or editors
 Comp. for compiler and Comps. for compilers

6. Textual quotes of less than 40 words or five lines . These must be enclosed in double
quotation marks (“”) to be distinguished from the rest of the text in which they will be inserted,
 without altering the paragraph. It must be accompanied by a parenthetical reference . For
example:

 Gautier stated regarding morality that “it is the finest of arts” (1985, p.4).

7. Textual quotes longer than 40 words or five lines . These will be in a smaller font size
(one or two points) than the ordinary text, indented with two tabs and without quotation marks,
as an aside in the text. It must be accompanied by its parenthetical reference .

8. Paraphrasing or paraphrasing quotes . Although saying the same thing with other words is
not quoting, this exercise of summarizing other people's ideas with your own words, called
paraphrasing, must always indicate their original authorship , including at the end of the
rewriting a parenthetical reference with the author's last name and the year of publication of
your work. So:

 Black holes emit detectable forms of radiation (Hawking, 2002) and…

9. Parenthetical references . They must appear in the quotes and paraphrases (rewritings) of
other people's content investigated. They must specify the surname of the cited author, along
with the year of publication of the text or work from which the content was extracted or to
which it is referred, followed by the page number (if applicable). Said information may vary to
the extent that it has been said before, so as not to be repetitive. So:

 (Soublette, 2002, p. 45)

 (Soublette, 2002)
 (Soublette, p. 45)
 (2002, p. 45)

10. Cite two or more authors . If the text consulted or cited has more than one author, their
respective surnames must be entered, separated by commas and finally by an “&” symbol ,
namely:

 Two authors: Mckenzie & Wright, 1999, p. 100

 Three authors: Mckenzie, Wright & Lloyce, 1999, p. 100
 Five authors: Mckenzie, Wright, Lloyce, Farab & López, 1999, p. 100

11. Cite a main author and collaborators . In cases where there is a main author of the text of
interest, whose authorship is shared with his numerous collaborators, the name of the main
author(s) accompanied by the expression et al will be referred to. For example:

 Mckenzie, et al., 1999.

 Mckenzie, Wright, et al., 1999.

12. Cite a corporate author . Texts of non-personal authorship, that is, property of a company or
organization, must be referred to by placing the name (or acronym) of the company or
organization where the author's last name would go. Namely:

 UN, 2010.
 Microsoft, 2014.
13. Quote an anonymous . In the case of anonymous authors ( which is not the same as
unknown authors ), the word Anonymous will be placed instead of the author's last name and
the rest of the format instructions will be followed. For example:

 Anonymous, 1815, p. 10

14. List of bibliographical references (bibliography) . The preparation of a bibliography must

be mandatory for research works (monographs, articles, etc.) and must be at the end of the
same, organized alphabetically based on the last name of the respective authors , which must
be accompanied by the year of publication of the work (in parentheses), the title in italics, and
then the rest of the pertinent editorial information. Thus, the basic bibliographic entry would be:

 Surname, First name of the author (year of publication). Qualification . City, Country of
publication: Publisher.

15. Refer fragments of books . For a book fragment (an article in a compilation, a story in an
anthology, a chapter in a thesis, etc.) that was not consulted in full or is not as interesting as
the fragment used , the following structure must be followed:

 Surname, First name of the author of the fragment (year of publication). “Title of the fragment”.
In Surname, Title of the compilation or book (pp. range of pages occupied by the fragment
separated with a hyphen). City, Country of publication: Publisher.

16. Refer magazine articles . To include an article in a magazine in the bibliography, the editorial
information pertinent to the number and volume of the periodical publication must be included
in the book models, namely:

 Last name, First name of the author of the article (Publication date). "Article title". Name of the
magazine . Volume (Number), pp. article page range.

17. Refer online articles . The difference when referring articles from the Internet lies in providing
the relevant URL address for retrieval, in this way:

 Last name, First name of the author if it exists (Publication date). "Article title". Name of the
online magazine . Retrieved from http://www.article URL

18. Refer press articles . When dealing with newspapers, one will distinguish between articles
with an author and without an author, in both cases explaining the complete information on the
location of the article in the newspaper. Let's look at both cases:

 With author: Last name, Author's name (Publication date). "Article title". Newspaper name ,
page range.
 Without author: “Title of the article” (Publication date). Newspaper name , page range.

19. Refer Web pages . To include an Internet page that is not a magazine or an online
newspaper, the following standard format will be used, adapting it more or less to the specific
characteristics of the website :

 Last name, First name of the author (Publication date). Title of the web page. Place of
publication: Editors. Retrieved from: http://www.URL address of the page
 20. Refer a movie . For all types of film productions, the format takes the director as the author of
the work and provides information about the production house, as follows:

 Surname, First name of the author (Year of appearance). Film title . Production house.

Source: https://www.ejemplos.co/ejemplos-de-normas-apa/#ixzz62J9jYvHx

How to cite this content:

Encyclopedia of Examples (2019). "APA rules". Retrieved from: https://www.ejemplos.co/ejemplos-de-

normas-apa/

Source: https://www.ejemplos.co/ejemplos-de-normas-apa/#ixzz62J9z6q6X
How to make an excellent thesis
support? (Downloadable Power Point
template)

So that you close your university career with a flourish, here we mention 10 tips on supporting
your thesis.
1) Synthesis capacity
You must keep in mind that what you are going to present is the summary of your thesis,
therefore neither the public nor the jury is interested in every minute detail. In fact, some
teachers value the student's ability to be synthetic in the presentation.
2) Highlight in your presentation only what is important
You should only put what is most relevant on the sheets and make sure that you understand it
yourself. Never include the table of variables, as it is unnecessary, and if it is poorly prepared the
juries will ruin you.
3) Don't read everything
Do not read all the pictures, it is normal that you read some and explain others in your own
words, for that reason, it is advisable that you place good quality images, accompanied by key
words that you must then explain.
4) Time management
You've probably already been told that you have 20 minutes to defend your thesis. Fear not, for it
is almost never strictly adhered to. If you go a little too far, they won't scold you.
5) Stage fright
If you are one of those who suffer from fear when speaking in public, you should practice
defense many times at home, it can be in front of the mirror or you can also record yourself.
Remember the words of Tiger Woods: “The recipe for becoming an expert at something is to
practice many times.”
6) Take care of your appearance
 Presenting yourself in the appropriate manner has an impact on how the examining board will
perceive you, so you should dress in a formal and neutral manner. Avoid clothing that is too
casual, sporty or festive, as well as colors or prints that could distract from what you are talking
about.
7) Maintain a neutral posture
Walking around the room or making exaggerated gestures will only divert attention from the
content of your presentation. Don't focus your gaze on a single audience member, on the ceiling
or on the floor, instead, choose three people and alternate eye contact with them.
8) Take care of the aesthetics of the presentation
If you are going to present with the support of a Power Point, Prezi, or other type of visual
resource, make sure to present elegant and visually pleasing slides.
9) Respond confidently
You should prepare for teachers' comments and questions. The most important thing here is to
respond with security and confidence, without appearing too shy or too arrogant. For this it is
essential to know your work down to the smallest detail.
10) Regarding the formal aspects of the presentation
 All slides must have a title.
 Dark letters on a light background or light letters on a dark background.
Below you will find a download button so you can get a free Power Point template that will
allow you to build a quality presentation.
 Tricks to succeed in supporting your
thesis
The topic of your thesis was surely very interesting, the methodology used adjusted perfectly to
the objectives set, and it is likely that the results found will be satisfactory. In addition to the
presentation of the final document, which must have been impeccable in terms of style correction
and APA standards.
However, in order to completely finish the thesis process, you need one last step: to support or
defend it. Therefore, knowing a little about presentations and oral expression is a basic skill for
thesis students.
Below we bring you some tricks to keep in mind to succeed in supporting your thesis.

The support material

Slides for support are essential in your presentation, so keep the following in mind:
 Start the support with an index where you place the topics you will talk about throughout the
session.
 Do not use colors or backgrounds with images that are too striking, as this will divert the
audience's attention.
 Write a maximum of 30 words per slide, and as much as possible less, this will guarantee a less
saturated presentation.
 Do not read the slides, you must make a presentation, so do not write paragraphs, only put key
words in them that remind you of what you should say.
 It uses images, graphs and tables, it is a practical way to present information and also allows you
to have a more striking presentation and make a more dynamic presentation.
 Use Sans Serif or sans serif letters. Comic Sans (No) Calibri (Yes).
 All slides must have a title.
 Use dark letters on a light background or light letters on a dark background.
 Use templates, whether it is your university's own template or one from Power Point, this is
important so that your presentation looks better.
 Avoid using sharp capital letters throughout the slides.
 Place quotes in some parts of the presentation, select the best quotes from your thesis, and write
them down so you can share them on the day of your defense.
 In the last slides place the references of your presentation.

The oral presentation

 The way you present will also determine the success of your defense, so keep the following tips
in mind:
 Speak with conviction, appear confident, let your audience know that you master the topic
perfectly and that your thesis is of real interest. Be careful with appearing arrogant, this is not the
same as confidence.
 Practice a lot before the lift, this will help you overcome your fears and be more confident when
performing. Remember the words of Tiger Woods: “The recipe for becoming an expert at
something is to practice many times.”
 Be specific, it is not about perfectly explaining every detail of your investigative process,
remember to only highlight what is most important, but above all, what you consider essential for
a correct understanding of the project.
 Your non-verbal language must be the perfect accompaniment, use your hands to explain, move
around the stage and look firmly at your audience. This way you will express yourself not only
with your language but with your body.
 Dress appropriately for the occasion, in this definitive moment any detail is important, and
clothing is no exception.
 Keep the language simple, remember not to complicate yourself with fancy words or foreign
words that you later forget to pronounce or use appropriately.
 Manage to have contact with the attendees, both visually and communicative, they can even
participate, without extending themselves of course, because this is your moment.
 Prepare for the jury's questions, when answering do so with confidence, remember that they
cannot cut you, because no one knows about your thesis more than you.
Finally, remember to download our template to make the lift available in this article.
How to make a slide presentation to
defend a thesis?
September 27, 2018 0

In order for you to be able to make a great slide presentation to defend your thesis, in this
note we give you some tips. Luck!

It is important that you review the information included in the introduction of your presentation several times to avoid errors.
5

 Before finishing your university studies you will have to face writing your thesis.

 Accomplishing this work is essential, since it is there where you will demonstrate everything
you have learned.

 I managed to present your thesis successfully with these tips.

Although a few years ago they were not used as much, currently Power Point presentations
cannot be missing in any thesis defense .

For this reason and because we know that nerves can take over you and leave you without ideas,
below we give you some guidelines so that you only have to worry about doing what you have to
do: standing out.
First stage of the thesis: Introduction
 It is important that you review the information included in the introduction of your
presentation several times , since these first minutes will act as a framework for the slides.
 The title of the dissertation should be bold and centered. You can't forget to include the name
of your University department and the delivery date in a smaller font.
 The next slide of your thesis can be called “ acknowledgments” or “acknowledgments” and
you can include the names of your advisors and those who helped you carry out the work.
 On the fourth slide you can put a brief statement , supported by slides with data, statistics and
interesting images.
 On another slide, you can talk about the importance of the research carried out.
 You cannot forget to make a list of the questions asked throughout the investigation.
 Finally, you can include a review of relevant books and previous experiments carried out by
specialists in the subject.
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Second stage of the thesis: how did you do the work?

 A good idea is to use a slide to detail the methods used to find an answer for each specific
question. Don't forget to justify.
 Include graphs, tables, and diagrams that reflect the results of your experiments.
 Detail critical discoveries that validate or refute your hypothesis.

Third stage: to close

 Present your conclusions and important discoveries for the field of study.
 Tell about the limitations you faced during the investigation.
 Suggest alternatives for future research and leave some questions unanswered to demonstrate
your interest in continuing to study the topic.