oxygenated functions

Presence of some carbon-oxygen bond : single (CO) or double (C=O)

Functional
Luis series Formula Structure Prefix Suffix Example
group
Hydroxyl
Alcohol R-OH hydroxy- -ol
group
Alkoxy (or
R -il R' -yl
aryloxy ) Ether ROR' -oxy-
ether
group
-to the
Aldehyde RC(=O)H formil-
-carbaldehyde
2
carbonyl
group
RC(=O)-
Ketone oxo- -one
R'

Carboxyl Carboxylic
R-COOH carboxy- -ic acid
group acid

-
R-COO-
acyl group Ester yloxycarbony R' -yl R -ate
R'
l-

Nitrogen functions

Amides, amines, nitro compounds, nitriles. Presence of carbon-nitrogen bonds : CN, C=N or
C≡N

Functio
Composite Formul
nal Structure Prefix Suffix Example
type a
group

Amine R-NH 2 Not me- -amine

amino
group
_CH3-
R-NCH
Imina _ CH2-CH2-
2
CHO
 amino
groups RC(=O)
and Amide N(-R')- _ _
carbony R"
l

nitro Nitro
R-NO 2 nitro- _
group compound

Nitrile or
R-CN cyano- -nitrile
cyanide

alkyl
Isocyanide R-NC _
Nitrile isocyanide
group
alkyl
Isocyanate R-NCO _
isocyanate

alkyl
Isothiocyanat
R-NCS isothiocya
e
nate

Azoderivativ RN=NR
azo- -diazene
e '

Diazoderivati
R=N=N diazo- _
azo ve
group

Azide RN 3 azido- -azide

diazonium X - RN + ...diazoniu
_
salt ≡N m ...-ide

R1R2
_ Hydrazine N-NR 3 _ -hydrazine
R4

-
Hydroxylami
_ -NOH _ hydroxylam
ne
ine
Halogenated functions

Composed of carbon, hydrogen and halogens.

Functional Formula of
Composite type Prefix
group compound
Halide group Halide RX halo- _
acyl group acid halide R-COX Haloformil- -oyl halide

Sulfur-containing groups

Functional
Composite type Compound formula Prefix Suffix
group
Sulfide group Thioether or sulfide RSR' alquikoo-
R-SH Thiol mercapto- -thiol
R-SO-R' Sulfoxide _ _ _
R-SO 2 -R' Sulfone _ _ _
_ sulfonic acid RSO 3H sulfo- -sulfonic acid

Organophosphates

Functional Composite
Formula Structure Prefix Suffix Example
group type

Sodium
PR 3 _ _
phosphinate

_ P(=O)R 3 _ _

Phosphinite P(OR)R 2 _ _ [[File:|75px|]]

P(=O)(OR)R
Phosfinate _ _
2

Phosphonite P(OR) 2 R _ _

P(=O)(OR) 2
Phosphonate _ _
R
 phosp
Phosphite BY 3 _
hite

Phosphate P(=O)(OH) 2
Phosphate _ _
group R

Phosphorane PR 5 _ _