Group 4 presentation:

Topic: modernalisam, traditionalism and

it's valves
Members including :
❏ Laraib zafar
❏ Amna ijaz
❏ Aliyaa Parveen
❏ Nishaa Arshad
Submitted to: professor Muhammad
Kaleem
 Traditionalism
Traditionalism can be best understood as
the belief in and adherence to the
customs, beliefs, and practices that have
been passed down through generations
within a culture or society. It involves
valuing and maintaining the way things
have been traditionally done, whether in
religion, customs, or other aspects of life.
 Society of traditionalism:
Examples of traditional societies include:

1. Indigenous communities (e.g., Native American tribes)

2. Rural villages or agrarian communities
3. Ancient cultures (e.g., tribal societies)
4. Religious communities (e.g., Amish, Orthodox Jewish)
5. Traditional monarchies or chiefdoms
6. Nomadic or pastoralist societies (e.g., Bedouins,
Maasai)
7. Island or isolated communities (e.g., Pacific Islanders)

Keep in mind that traditional societies are not static or

unchanging; they evolve and adapt to external
influences while maintaining their core cultural identity.
 Traditionalism in Islam :
Traditionalism in Islam refers to the adherence to traditional
Islamic beliefs, practices, and interpretations as inherited from the
early Muslim community and passed down through generations. It
emphasizes the importance of:
1. Quran and Hadith (Prophetic traditions)
2. Consensus of the Muslim community (Ijma)
3. Analogical reasoning (Qiyas)
4. Jurisprudence (Fiqh) of the four schools (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i,
Hanbali)
5. Sufism (mystical dimension of Islam)
6. Respect for Islamic scholarship and authority
7. Preservation of traditional Islamic sciences (e.g., theology,
jurisprudence, exegesis)
8. Continuity with the early Muslim community (Salaf)
● Types of traditionalism:

❖ Social traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes the

importance of maintaining traditional social structures and roles,
such as gender roles or class hierarchies.
❖ Aesthetic traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes
the importance of preserving traditional forms of art, music, and
architecture, such as classical music or Gothic architecture.
❖ Ecological traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes
the importance of preserving traditional ways of living in harmony
with nature, such as sustainable agriculture or indigenous land
management practices.
 Types of traditionalism :
Architectural traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes
the importance of preserving traditional styles of architecture, such as
the Classical Revival or Arts and Crafts movements.
- Educational traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes
the importance of preserving traditional forms of education, such as
classical education or apprenticeship programs.
- Culinary traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes the
importance of preserving traditional forms of cooking and food
preparation, such as slow food or regional cuisine.
Types of traditionalism:
There are several different types of traditionalism, each with its own set of
beliefs and practices. Some of the most common types of traditionalism are:

● Cultural traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes the

importance of preserving and celebrating the customs and traditions of a
particular culture.
● Religious traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes the
importance of following the teachings and traditions of a specific religion,
such as Christianity or Islam.
● Political traditionalism: This type of traditionalism emphasizes the
importance of maintaining traditional political structures and ideologies,
such as conservatism or nationalism.
 Modernism:
*Modernism* is a movement in art, literature,
and design that reflects the characteristics
and thoughts of contemporary life. It can also
describe an art and literature movement of
the 19th and 20th centuries, characterized by
a rejection of traditional forms and a focus on
innovation and experimentation. In simple
terms, modernism represents a departure
from the past and a conscious embrace of
new ideas and forms of expression.
 Example of modernism:
Examples of modernism includ

1. Art: Cubism, Futurism, Surrealism

2. Architecture: Bauhaus, Deconstructivism, Skyscrapers
3. Literature: Stream-of-consciousness writing, Imagism, Free Verse
poetry
4. Music: Atonal music, Jazz, Experimental music
5. Dance: Ballet, Modern dance, Contemporary dance
6. Film: Experimental film, Avant-garde film, Cinéma vérité
7. Design: Minimalism, Industrial design, Graphic design
8. Philosophy: Existentialism, Nihilism, Postmodernism
 Types of modernism:
Here are a few types of modernism that could be explored:
1-Aesthetic modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes
experimentation and innovation in art, architecture, and design.
2-Literary modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes
innovative forms of literature, such as
stream-of-consciousness writing and non-linear narratives.
3- Social modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes the
importance of social and political change, such as women's
rights, civil rights, and worker's rights.
 Types of modernism:
Other types of modernism include:

4- Technological modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes the

importance of technological innovation and progress.
5- Cultural modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes the importance of
cultural diversity and pluralism.
6- Economic modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes the importance
of economic growth and progress, often through the use of free-market
capitalism.
Each of these types of modernism emphasizes different aspects of modern
life, and they can often be in conflict with each other.
 Types of modernism:
Here are a few additional types of modernism:
7- Environmental modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes the
importance of environmental sustainability and conservation.
8-Political modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes the importance of
democracy and individual rights.
9- Religious modernism: This type of modernism emphasizes the importance
of reinterpreting religious beliefs and practices in light of modern scientific
and philosophical knowledge.
Each of these types of modernism has had a significant impact on society and
culture, and they continue to shape the way we think about ourselves and the
world around us.
 Stages of modernism:
❖ Early modernity: 1500–1789 (or 1453–1789 in
traditional historiography) People were beginning
to experience a more modern life (Laughey, 31).
❖ Classical modernity: 1789–1900 (corresponding to
the long 19th century (1789–1914) in Hobsbawm's
scheme) ...
❖ Late modernity: 1900–1989.
Modernism vs traditionalism:
*Modernism vs. Traditionalism*
The dichotomy between *modernism* and *traditionalism* has been a subject of significant debate and analysis across
various domains, including art, architecture, religion, and societal values. This conflict often revolves around questions of
artistic developments, cultural expressions, and ideological perspectives.
In the realm of art, the clash between modernism and traditionalism is evident in the artistic developments at the end of the
nineteenth century in Paris, as artists grappled with questions surrounding artistic expression and innovation [𝟏] [𝟐]. This
tension is also reflected in discussions about architecture, where the establishment bias against traditional architecture
has been a point of contention, with modernist proponents engaging in conversations about pastiche and passion [𝟑].
The conflict between traditionalism and modernism is not limited to the arts. In the context of religion, the tension between
traditionalism and modernism is exemplified in the Catholic Church, where Catholic Modernism has been defined as the
attempt to reinterpret the teachings of the church by incorporating new perspectives [𝟒]. This ideological clash is further
explored in the roots of radical traditionalism, where the rejection of agnosticism and the dangers of Modernism are central
themes.
Moreover, the dichotomy between traditionalism and modernism has historical roots, as evidenced by the contrasting
societal values and lifestyles during the Roaring Twenties, where traditionalists sought to live a simple life, while
modernists embraced change and innovation [𝟓].
In summary, the conflict between modernism and traditionalism permeates various aspects of human expression and
societal values, shaping discussions and debates across art, architecture, religion, and cultural ideologies.
Difference between:

Modernism: Traditionalism:

- Emphasizes innovation, experimentation, and - Emphasizes heritage, customs, and

progress established practices
- Values individual freedom, creativity, and
- Values community, continuity, and social order
self-expression
- Favors time-tested wisdom, religion, and
- Favors reason, science, and technology
cultural heritage
- Encourages critical thinking and questioning of
authority - Encourages respect for authority and tradition

- Often rejects established norms and conventions - Often resists change and innovation

- Embraces change and the new - Embraces the familiar and the known
 Modern values:
Modern values are the principles and beliefs that guide individual and
collective behavior in contemporary society. Some core modern values
include:
1. Equality: Belief in equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for all
individuals.
2. Individualism: Emphasis on personal freedom, autonomy, and
self-expression.
3. Democracy: Support for democratic principles, participation, and
decision-making processes.
4. Human rights: Respect for universal human rights, dignity, and well-being.
5. Rationalism: Trust in reason, science, and evidence-based decision-making.
6. Progressivism: Embracing innovation, change, and improvement.
 Modern values:
7. Tolerance: Acceptance and celebration of diversity, inclusivity, and
multiculturalism.
8. Sustainability: Concern for environmental protection, conservation,
and social responsibility.
9. Global citizenship: Recognition of global interconnectedness and
shared humanity.
10. Open-mindedness: Willingness to question, learn, and adapt in a
rapidly changing world.

These modern values shape our attitudes, behaviors, and institutions,

influencing how we interact with each other and the world around us.
 Traditional values:
Traditional values are the principles and beliefs passed down through
generations, shaping the customs, practices, and social norms of a
community or society. Some core traditional values include:
1. Respect for authority: Obedience to elders, leaders, and established
institutions.
2. Family and community: Prioritizing the needs of the family and community
over individual desires.
3. Religion and spirituality: Adherence to religious teachings, rituals, and
cultural heritage.
4. Social hierarchy: Acceptance of social roles, status, and positions within a
community.
5. Gender roles: Adherence to traditional gender roles and expectations.
6. Patriotism: Loyalty and devotion to one's country, culture, and national
identity.
Traditional values:
7. Conservation: Preserving traditional practices, customs, and
cultural heritage.
8. Social etiquette: Adherence to established social norms, manners,
and protocols.
9.Hardwork and self-discipline:Emphasis on personal responsibility,
diligence, and self-control.
10. Loyalty and duty: Commitment to family, community, and social
obligations.
Traditional values often prioritize collective well-being over individual
freedom, emphasizing social order, stability, and continuity. They
provide a sense of belonging, identity, and shared purpose within a
community.