Chapter 11 - Trigonometric Equation

Exercise 11.1

Page number:11.21

Question 1.

Solution:

We have:
(i) sin   1
2
The value of θ satisfying sin   1 is π/6.
2
 sin   1 / 2

 sin   sin
6
n 
   n   1 , nZ
6
3
(ii) cos  
2
3
The value of θ satisfying cos   is 7π/6.
2
cos   3 / 2
 cos  cos7 / 6
   2n  7 / 6, n  Z
(iii)
1
cos ec   2  or  sin  
2
1
The value of θ satisfying sin  is   .
2 4
1
 sin   
2
 sin   sin   / 4 
n
   n   1   / 4  , n  Z
n 1
   n   1  / 4, n  Z
1
(iv) sec  2  or  cos 
2
 1 
The value of θ satisfying cos  is .
2 4
1
cos 
2
 cos  cos  / 4
   2n   / 4, n  Z
(v)
1
tan   
3
1 
The value of θ satisfying tan    is 
3 6
1
. tan   
3
 
 tan   tan   
 6

   n – , nZ
6
(vi)
3 sec   2
2 3
 sec    or  cos  
3 2
3 
The value of θ satisfying cos   is
2 6
3
 cos  
2

 cos   cos
6

   2n  , nZ
6

Question 2.

Solution:
We have:
(i)
 3
sin 2 
2

 sin 2  sin
3
n 
 2  n   1 nZ
3
 n 
  n   1 , nZ
2 6
(ii)
1
cos3 
2

 cos3  cos
3

 3  2n  nZ
3
2n 
   , nZ
3 9
(iii)
sin 9  sin 
 sin 9 – sin   0
 9 –    9   
 2 sin   cos   0
 2   2 
8 10
 sin  0 or cos  0
2 2
 sin 4  0 or cos 5  0

 4  n , n  Z or 5   2n  1 , nZ
2
n 
  , n  Z or   2n  1 , nZ
4 10
(iv)
sin 2  cos 3
cos 3  sin 2
 
 cos 3  cos   2 
2 
 
 3  2n    2  , n  Z
2 
On taking positive sign, we have:
 
3  2n    2 
2 

 5  2n 
2
2n 
  
5 10

    4n  1 , n  Z
10
Now, on taking negative sign, we have:

3  2n –  2 , n  Z
2

   2n –
2

    4n – 1 , n  Z
2

(v)
tan   cot 2  0
 tan    cot 2
 tan   tan  / 2  2 

   n   2 , n  Z
2
   n   / 2, n  Z
    n –  / 2, n  Z
   m –  / 2, m  n  Z
(vi)
tan 3  cot 
 tan 3  tan  / 2 –  
 3  n   / 2 –  , n  Z
 4  n   / 2, n  Z
   n / 4   / 8, n  Z
(vii)
tan 2 tan   1
1
 tan 2 
tan 
 tan 2  cot 
 tan 2  tan  / 2 –  
 2  n   / 2 –   , n  Z
 3  n   / 2, n  Z
   n / 3   / 6, n  Z
(viii)
tan m  cot n  0
 tan m   cot n
 tan m  tan  / 2  n 
 m  r   / 2  n  , r  Z
  m – n    r   / 2, r  Z
 2r  1  
    , rZ
m – n2
(ix)
tan p  cot q
 tan p  tan  / 2 – q 
 p  n   / 2 – q  , n  Z
  p  q    n   / 2, n  Z

 
 2n  1  , nZ
 p  q 2
(x)
sin 2  cos  0
 cos   sin 2
 cos  cos  / 2  2
   2n   / 2  2 , n  Z
On taking positive sign, we have:
  2n   / 2  2
   2n   / 2
   2m –  / 2, m  n  Z
   4m  1  / 2, m  Z
On taking negative sign, we have:
  2n –  / 2 – 2
 3  2n –  / 2
    4n – 1  / 6, n  Z
(xi)
sin   tan 
 sin  – tan   0
sin 
 sin  –  0
cos 
 1 
 sin  1 –   0
 cos  
 sin   cos   1  0
 sin   0 or cos  – 1  0
Now,
sin   0
   n , n  Z
cos – 1  0
 cos  1
 cos  cos 0
   2m , m  Z
(xii)
sin 3  cos 2  0
 cos 2   sin 3
 cos 2  cos  2  3
 2  2n   / 2  3 , n  Z
On taking positive sign, we have:
2  2n   / 2  3 
   2n   / 2
   2m –  / 2, m  n  Z
    4m 1  / 2, m  Z
On taking negative sign, we have:
2  2n –  / 2 – 3 
 5  2n –  / 2
   4n  1  /10, n  Z

Question 3.
Solution:
(i)
1
sin 2  – cos  
4
1
 1 – cos2  – cos  
4
2
 4 – 4 cos  – 4cos   1
 4 cos2   4 cos  – 3  0
 4 cos2   6 cos  – 2 cos  – 3  0
 2 cos   2 cos   3 – 1 2 cos   3  0
  2 cos   3  2 cos   1  0
  2 cos  – 1  0 or 2 cos   3  0
1 3
 cos   or cos   
2 2
3
cos    is not possible.
2
1
 cos  
2

 cos   cos
3

   2n  , nZ
3
(ii)

2 cos 2  – 5 cos   2  0
 2 cos 2  – 4 cos  – cos   2  0
 2 cos   cos  – 2   1  cos  – 2   0
  cos  – 2   2 cos  – 1  0
  cos  – 2  0 or ,  2 cos  – 1  0
cos   2 is not possible.
 2 cos  – 1  0
1
 cos  
2

 cos   cos
3

   2n  , nZ
3
(iii)
2 sin 2 x  3 cos x  1  0
 2 – 2 cos 2 x  3 cos x  1  0
 2 cos 2 x  3 cos x – 3  0
 2 cos 2 x – 2 3 cos x  3 cos x – 3  0

 2 cos x cos x – 3   
3 cos x – 3   0


 2 cos x  3   cos x –  0 3

  2 cos x  3   0 or  cos x – 3  0
cos x  3 is not possible.
 2 cos x  3 0
3
 cos x  
2
5
 cos x  cos
6
5
 x  2n  , nZ
6

(iv)

4 sin 2   8cos   1  0
 4 – 4 cos 2  – 8 cos   1  0
 4 cos 2   8 cos  – 5  0
 4 cos 2   10 cos  – 2 cos  – 5  0
 2 cos   2 cos   5   1  2 cos   5   0
  2 cos  – 1  2 cos   5   0
  2 cos  – 1  0 or  2 cos   5   0
Now, 2 cos   5  0
5
 cos     It is not possible.
2
 2 cos  – 1  0
1
 cos  
2

 cos   cos
3

   2n  , nZ
3
(v)

tan 2 x  1 –  
3 tan x – 3  0

 tan 2 x  tan x – 3 tan x – 3  0

 tan x  tan x  1  3  tan x  1  0


 tan x – 3   tan x  1  0

  tan x – 3   0 or  tan x  1  0

Now, tan x – 3  0
 tan x  3

 tan x  tan
3

 x  n  , n Z
3
And, tan x  1
  
 tan x  tan  
 4 

 x  m – , mZ
4
(vi)
3 cos 2  – 2 3 sin  cos  – 3 sin 2   0
Now,
3  cos 2 – sin 2  – 3 sin 2  0
 3 cos 2 – 3 sin 2  0
 3  3 cos 2 – sin 2   0

  3 cos 2 – sin 2   0
sin 2
  3
cos 2

 tan 2  tan
3

 2  n  , nZ
3
n 
   , nZ
2 6
(vii)
cos 4  cos 2
 4  2n  2 , n  Z
On taking positive sign, we have:
4  2 n  2
 2  2 n
   n , n  Z
On taking negative sign, we have:
4  2n – 2
 6  2n
n
  , nZ
3
Question 4.

Solution:
(i)
cos   cos 2  cos 3  0
Now,
 cos   cos 3   cos 2  0
4 2
 2 cos cos  cos 2  0
2 2
 2 cos 2 cos   cos 2  0
 cos 2  2 cos   1  0
 cos 2  0 or , 2 cos   1  0
 1 2
 cos 2  cos or cos   
 cos
2 2 3
 2
 2   2n  1 , n  Z or   2m  , mZ
2 3
 2
    2n  1 , n  Z or   2m  , mZ
4 3
(ii)
 cos   cos 3  – cos 2  0
 4   2 
 2 cos   cos   – cos 2  0
 2   2 
 2 cos 2 cos  – cos 2  0
 cos 2  2 cos  – 1  0
 cos 2  0 or 2 cos  – 1  0
 1
 cos 2  cos or cos  
2 2

 cos   cos
3
 
 2   2n  1 , n  Z or   2m  , mZ
2 3
 
   2n  1 , n  Z or   2m  , mZ
4 3
(iii)
sin   sin 5  sin 3
 6   4 
 2 sin   cos    sin 3
 2   2 
 2 sin 3 cos 2  sin 3
 2 sin 3 cos 2 – sin 3  0
 sin 3  2 cos 2 – 1  0
 sin 3  0 or  2 cos 2 – 1  0
1 
 sin 3  sin 0 or cos 2   cos
2 3

 3  n or 2  2m 
3
n 
  , n  Z or   m  , mZ
3 6
(iv)
 1
cos  cos 2 cos3 
4
 cos   2   cos  2     1
  cos3 
 2  4
 2  cos3  cos   cos 3  1
 2 cos 2 3  2cos  cos3  1  0
 2 cos 2 3  1  2cos  cos3  0
 cos 6  cos 4  cos 2  0
 cos 6  cos 2  cos 4  0
 2 cos 4 cos 2  cos 4  0
 cos 4  2 cos 2  1  0
 cos 4  0 or 2cos 2  1  0
1
 cos 4  0 or cos 2  
2
 2
 cos 4  cos or cos 2  cos
2 3
 2
 4   2n  1 , n  Z or 2  2m  , mZ
2 3
 
    2n  1 , n  Z or   m  , mZ
8 3
(v)
cos   sin   cos 2  sin 2
 cos  – cos 2  sin 2 – sin 
 3        3 
  2 sin   sin    2 sin   cos  
 2   2  2  2 
 3       3 
 2 sin   sin    2 sin   cos  
 2  2 2  2 
   3   3 
 2 sin   sin   – cos    0
2  2   2 
   3   3 
 sin    0 or sin   – cos    0
2  2   2 
   3   3 
 sin    sin 0 or sin    cos  
2  2   2 
  3   3
  n , n  Z or cos    cos –
2  2  2 2
3 3
   2n , n  Z or  2m   / 2 – , mZ
2 2
3 3
   2n , n  Z or  2m   / 2 – , mZ
2 2
 Taking negative sign will give absurd result.
2m 
  2n , n  Z or    , mZ
3 6
(vi)
sin   sin 2  sin 3  0
 sin   sin 3  sin 2  0
 4   2 
 2 sin   cos    sin 2  0
 2   2 
 2 sin 2 cos   sin 2  0
 sin 2  2 cos   1  0
 sin 2  0 or 2 cos   1  0
1
 sin 2  sin 0 or cos   
2
2
 cos   cos
3
n
  , n  Z or   2m  2 3, m  Z
2
(vii)
sin   sin 2  sin 3  sin 4  0
 sin 3  sin   sin 4  sin 2  0
 4   2   6   2 
 2 sin   cos    2 sin   cos    0
 2   2   2   2 
 2 sin 2 cos   2 sin 3 cos   0
 2 cos   sin 2  sin 3   0
  5   
 2 cos   2 sin   cos     0
  2   2 
 5   
 4 cos  sin   cos    0
 2  2
 5   
 cos   0 , sin    0 or cos    0
 2  2

 5     
 cos   cos , sin    sin 0 or cos    cos  
2  2  2 2
  5   
    2n  1 , n  Z or    n , n  Z or ,     2n  1 , nZ
2  2  2 2
 2n
    2n  1 , n  Z or   , n  Z or    2n  1  , n  Z
2 5
(viii)
sin 3 – sin   4 cos 2 – 2
 sin 3 – sin   2  2 cos  2
– 1 
 2   4 
 2 sin   cos    2 cos 2
 2   2 
 2 sin  cos 2  2 cos 2
 sin  cos 2  cos 2
 cos 2  sin  – 1  0
 cos 2  0 or sin  – 1  0
 
 cos 2  cos   or sin   1
2
 
 sin   sin  
2
 n 
 2   2n  1 , n  Z or   n   1 , nZ
2 2
 n 
   2n  1 , n  Z or   n   1 , nZ
4 2

(ix)
sin 2 – sin 4  sin 6  0.
 8   4 
 2 sin   cos   – sin 4  0
 2   2 
 2 sin 4 cos 2 – sin 4  0
 sin 4  2 cos 2 – 1  0
 sin 4  0 or 2 cos 2 – 1  0
1
 4  n , n  Z or cos 2 
2

 cos 2  cos
3
n 
  , n  Z or   n  , nZ
4 6
Question 5.

Solution:
(i)
We have:
tan   tan 2  tan 3  0
Now,
tan   tan 2  tan   2   0
tan   tan 2
 tan   tan 2   0
1 – tan  tan 2
  tan   tan 2  1 – tan  tan 2   tan   tan 2  0
  tan   tan 2   2 – tan  tan 2   0
 tan   tan 2  0 or 2 – tan  tan 2  0
Now,
tan   tan 2  0
 tan   – tan 2
 tan   tan  2
   n – 2
 3  n
n
  , nZ
3
And,
2 – tan  tan 2  0
 tan  tan 2  2
sin  sin 2
  2
cos  cos 2
2 sin 2  cos 
  2 cos 2  – 2 sin 2 
cos 
 4 sin 2   2 cos2 
1
 tan 2  
2
 tan   tan 2 
2

1
   m   , m  Z ,   tan 1  
2
n
  , n  Z or   m   , m  Z
3
Here,
1
  tan 1  
2
(ii)

Given:
tan   tan 2  tan 3
Now,
tan   tan 2  tan   2 
tan   tan 2
 tan   tan 2 
1 – tan  tan 2
tan   tan 2
 tan   tan 2 –  0
1 – tan  tan 2
  tan   tan 2  1 – tan  tan 2  –  tan   tan 2   0
  tan   tan 2  1 – tan  tan 2 – 1  0
  tan   tan 2    tan  tan 2   0
 tan   tan 2  0 or tan  tan 2  0
Now,
tan   tan 2  0
 tan   – tan 2
 tan   tan  2
   n – 2 , n  Z
 3  n
n
  , nZ
3
And,
tan  tan 2  0
sin  sin 2
 0
cos  cos 2
2 sin 2 
  0
cos2  – sin 2 
 sin 2   0
 sin 2   sin 2 0
   m , m  Z
n
  , n  Z or   m , m  Z
3
(iii)
Given:
tan 3  tan   2 tan 2
Now,
tan 3 – tan 2  tan 2 – tan 
 tan  1  tan 3 tan 2   tan  1  tan 2 tan  
 tan  1  tan 3 tan 2 – 1 – tan 2 tan    0
 tan  tan 2  tan 3 – tan    0
 tan 2  0 or , tan   0 or , tan 3 – tan   0
And,
tan 2  0
 2  n
   n 2, n  Z
Or,
tan 3 – tan   0
 tan 3  tan 
 3  n  
 2  n
   n / 2, n  Z
And,
tan   0
   m , m  Z   n / 2, n  Z or   m , m  Z

Question 6.

Solution:
(i)
Given:
sin   co s   2 …(i)
The equation is of the form a sinθ + b cosθ = c, where a = 1, b = 1 and c  2.
Let:
a = r sin α and b = r cos α
Now,

r  a 2  b 2  12  12  2 and tan   1   
4
On putting a = 1 = r sin α and b = 1 = r cos α in equation (i), we get:
r sin  sin   r cos  cos   2
 r cos  –    2

 2 cos  –  2
4

 cos  –  1
4

 cos    cos 0
4

 –  n  0, n  Z
4

   n  , nZ
4

    8n  1 , nZ
4
(ii)

Given:
3 cos   sin   1 … (ii)
The equation is of the form of a cos θ + b sin θ = c, where a  3 , b = 1 and c =1.
Let:
a = r cos α and b = r sin α
Now,
2 b 1 
r  a2  b2  3  12  2 and tan     
a 3 6
On putting a = 3 = r cos α and b = 1 = r sin α in equation (ii), we get:
r cos α cos θ + r sin α sin θ = 1
 r cos  –    1
 2 cos  –    1
  1
 cos   –  
 6 2
  
 cos   –   cos
 6 3
 
 –  2n  , nZ
6 3
On taking positive sign, we get:
 
 –  2n 
6 3
 
   2n  
3 6

   2n  , nZ
2

    4n  1 , nZ
2
Now, on taking negative sign of the equation, we get:
 
 –  2m – , mZ
6 3
 
   2m –  , mZ
3 6
 1  
   2m    m  1 , m  Z
6 2  6
(iii)
Given:
sin   cos   1 …(iii)
The equation is of the form a sin θ + b cos θ = c, where a = 1, b = 1 and c = 1.
Let:
a = r sin α and b = r cos α
Now,
b 
r  a 2  b 2  12  12  2 and tan    1  
a 4
On putting a = 1 = r sin α and b = 1 = r cos α in equation (iii), we get:
r sin α sin θ + r cos α cos θ = 1

 r cos  –   1
 
 2 cos   –   1
 4
  1
 cos   –  
 4 2
  
 cos   –   cos
 4 4
 
 –  2n  , nZ
4 4
On taking positive sign, we get :
 
 –  2n 
4 4
  
   2n  
4 4

   2n  , nZ
2
On taking negative sign, we get:
 
  2m –
4 4
   2m , m  Z
(iv)
Given:
cos ec   1  cot 
1 cos
  1
sin  sin 
 sin   cos   1
The equation is of the form a sin θ + b cos θ = c, where a = 1, b =1 and c = 1.
Let:
a = r sin α and b = r cos α
Now,

r  a2  b2  12  12  2 and tan   1   
4
On putting a = 1 = r sin α and b = 1 = r cos α in equation (iv), we get:

r sin  sin   r cos  cos   1

 r cos  –    1

 2 cos  –  1
4
 1
 cos  – 
4 2
 
 cos  –  cos
4 4
 
 –  2n  , nZ
4 4
On taking positive sign, we get:

  2n  , nZ
2
On taking negative sign, we get:
  2m , m  Z
Exercise: Very Short Solution
Page Number: 11.26
Question 1.
Solution:
Consider:

tanx  secx  2 cosx

implies that sinxcosx  1 / cosx  2 cosx
implies that sinx  1/ cosx  2cosx
implies that sinx  1  2cos2 x
implies that sinx  2 cos2 x – 1

implies that 2sin2 x  sinx 1  0

implies that 2sin2 x  2sinx  sinx 1  0

implies that sinx  1  0 or 2sinx  1  0

implies that sinx  1 or sinx  1/ 2

implies that 2sinxsinx  1 1sinx  1  0

implies that sinx  1/ 2sinx 1  0
Now,
sinx  1
implies that sinx  sin3 / 2
implies that x  n  1 / n 3 / 2, n  Z .

Because it contains an odd multiple of  / 2 and we know that tan x and sec x are undefined on
the odd multiple, this value will not satisfy the given equation.
And,
sinx  1/ 2
implies that sinx  sin / 6
implies that x  n   1/ n   / 6, n  Z

Now, For n=0, x=π/6

For n=1, x=11π/6
For other values of n, the condition is not true.
Hence, the given equation has two solutions in 0, 2π.
Question 2.
Solution:
Consider,
4sinx – 3 cosx  7 …(i)
The equation is of the form a sin x  b cos x  c , where a = 4, b = -3 and c = 7.
Now,
Let:
a = r sin α and b = r cos α
Thus, we have:
r  a 2  b2  42  32
5
and
tan  4 / 3
implies that   tan 1  4 / 3
By putting a = 4 = r sin α and b = -3 = r cos α in equation (i), we get:
rsin sinx  rcos cosx =7
implies that rcos  x –    7
implies that 5cos x – tan 1  4 / 3  7
implies that cos x – tan 1  4 / 3   7 / 5
The solution is not possible.
Hence, the given equation has no solution.

Question 3.
Solution:
Consider:
tan 2 x  1
implies that tan2 x  tan  / 4
implies that 2 x  n   / 4
implies that x  n / 2   / 8, n  Z

Hence, the general solution of the equation is n / 2   / 8, n  Z .

Question 4.
Solution:
Consider:
3sin x – cos x  a
implies that 3sinx – cosx 2  a 2
implies that 32 sinx –12 cosx  a 2

implies that cos30sinx – sin30cosx  a 2

implies that sin  x – 30   a 2
implies that x – 30  sin 1a 2
implies that x  sin 1a 2  30

If a = 2 or a =-2,
then the equation will possess a solution.
For no solution, a ∈(-∞, -2) ∪ (2, ∞).

Question 5.
Solution:
Given: cosx  k
If k = 0, then
cosx= 0
implies that cosx  cos  / 2
implies that x   2n  1  / 2, n  Z

Now, x  3 / 2, 5 / 2, 7 / 2,  for n  1, 2, 3, 

If k =1, then
cos x  1
implies that cos x  cos0
implies that x  2 m , m  Z

Now, x  2 , 4 , 6 , 8 ,  for m  1, 2, 3, 4, 

If k =-1, then
cos x  1
implies that cosx  cos
implies that x  2 p   , p  Z
Now
x  2 p   , i.e. x  3 ,5 ,7 , when p  1,2,3,
,…
And x  2 p –  , i.e. x   ,3 ,5 ,7 , when p  1,2,3, 4

Clearly, we can see that for x = π, cosx = k has exactly one solution.
Therefore, k = -1

Question 6.
Solution :
Given curves: 2 y  1 and y  cos x
Now,
2y 1
implies that y  1/ 2
Also,
cosx  y
implies thatcos x  1/ 2
implies that cosx  cos / 3 and cos x  cos4 / 3
implies that x  2 n   / 3 or x  2 n  4 / 3.

By putting n=0, we get: x   / 3 and x  2 / 3

For the other value of n, the value of x will not satisfy the given condition.
Hence, the number of points of intersection of the curves is two, i.e.  / 3 and 4 / 3.
Question 7.
Solution:
(i)
sin2x,1/ 2 and cos2x are in AP.
implies that sin2x  cos2x  2 1/ 2
implies that sin2x  cos2x  11

This equation is of the form asin  bcos  c , where a = 1, b = 1 and c = 1.

Now,
Let:
a  rsin and b  rcos
Thus, we have:
r  a 2  b 2  1 2  12  2
tan  1
implies that    / 4
On putting a  1  rsin and b  1  rcos in equation (1), we get:
rsin sin2 x  rcos cos2 x  1
implies that rcos  2 x –    1
implies that 2cos2 x –  / 4  1
implies that cos2 x   / 4  1/ 2
implies that cos2 x   / 4  cos / 4
implies that 2 x –  / 4  2n   / 4 , n  Z

Taking positive value, we get:

2 x –  / 4  2n   / 4
implies that x  n   / 4

Taking negative value, we get:

2 x –  / 4  2 n –  / 4
implies that 2 x –  / 4  2n –  / 4
implies that x  n , n  Z

For n = 0, the values of x are π/4 and 0

For n = 1, the values of x are 5π/4 and π.
5π/4 does not satisfy the condition.
For the other value of n, the given condition is not true, i.e. [0, π].
Question 8.
Solution:
Consider:
2 y   1 and y  cosec x

Now,
2 y  1
implies that y  1/ 2

Also,
cosecx = y
implies that cosecx  1 / 2
implies that 1 / sinx  1 / 2
implies that sinx  2

The value of sine function lies between -1 and 1.

Therefore, the two curves will not intersect at any point.
Hence, the number of points of intersection of the curves is 0.
Question 9.
Solution:
Consider:

 2cos  1 4cos  5  0

Now, 2 cos  1  0 or 4cos  5  0
implies that cos  1/ 2 or cos  5 / 4

is not possible.
Thus, we have:
cos  1 / 2
implies that cos  cos2 / 3
implies that   2 n  2 / 3
By putting n = 0 and n = 1 in the above equation, we get:

  2 / 3 or   4 / 3 in  0,2 
For the other value of n
θ will not satisfy the given condition.
  2 / 3 and 4 / 3

Question 10
Solution:
Given equation:
sin 2 – cos   1 / 4

Now,
1 – cos2  – cos 14
implies that 4 – 4 cos2 – 4 cos 1
implies that 4 cos2  4 cos – 3  0
implies that 4 cos2  6 cos – 2 cos – 3  0
implies that 2 cos  2 cos  3 –1 2 cos  3  0
implies that  2 cos  3 2 cos –1  0

Here,
2 cos  3  0
implies thatcos   –3 / 2

is not possible.
Or,
2 cos –1 0
implies that cos 1 / 2
implies that cos  cos  / 3
implies that   2n   / 3

Taking positive sign,

  7 / 3, 1 3 / 3,1 9 / 3,...

Taking negative sign,

  5 / 3,1 1 / 3,1 7 / 3,...  5 / 3

and 7π/3will satisfy the given condition, i.e.,

θ in [0, 2π].
Exercise: 11.MCQ

Page Number:11.26

Question 1.

Solution:

(c) π/6

Consider:
3  cot  tan   4
implies that 3cos sin  sin cos  4
implies that 3  cos2  sin2   4sin cos
implies that 3  2 sin2  sin2  2sin cos 
implies that sin 2  3 / 2
implies that sin2  sin / 3
implies that 2  n   1 n / 3, n  Z
implies that   n / 2   1 n / 6, n  Z
To obtain the smallest value of θ, we will put n = 0 in the above equation.
Thus, we have:
θ = π/6
Hence, the smallest value of θ is π/6.

Question 2.

Solution:

(a) π/3

Consider: cos  3sin  2 …(i)

This equation is of the form a cos   b sin   c , where a = 1, b = 3 and c = 2.
Let:
a  rcos and b  sin
Now
1  rcos , 3  rsin
implies that r  a 2  b 2
 12  32  4  2
And , tan  b / a
implies that tan  3 / 1
implies that tan  3
implies that    / 3
On putting a  1  rcos and b  3  rsin in equation (i), we get:
rcos cos  rsin sin  2
implies that rcos  –    2
implies that 2cos –  / 3  2
implies that cos –  / 3  1
implies that cos –  / 3  cos0
implies that  –  / 3  2n  0
implies that   2n   / 3
For n = 0, θ= π/3.
∴ θ = π/3

Question 3.

Solution:

The correct option is (a)

Consider:
tanp – tanq  0
implies that tanp  tanq
sinp sinq
implies that 
cosp cos q
implies that sinp cosq  sinq cosp
  pq  p–q   q p q– p 
implies that 1/ 2 sin     sin      1 / 2 sin     sin   
  2   2     2   2  
Now,
1   A B   A  B 
sin A cos B   sin    sin  
2  2   2 
 pq  q p
sin    sin  
 2   2 
 pq 
2sin    0
 2 
 pq 
sin    0
 2 
 pq 
    n , n  Z
 2 
2n
 ,nZ
pq
Now, on putting the value of n, we get:
n  1,  2 /  p  q   a1
n  2,  4  p – q   a2
n  3,  6  p – q   a3
n  4,  8  p – q   a4
And so on.
Also,
d  a2 – a1  4  p – q  – 2  p – q   2  p – q 
d  a3 – a2  6  p – q  – 4  p – q   2  p – q 
d  a4 – a3  8  p – q  – 6  p – q   2  p – q 
And so on.
Thus, θ forms a series in AP.

Question 4.

Solution :

Correct option is (c)

Consider:
cotx – tanx  a
implies that 1/ tanx – tanx  a
implies that 1 – tan 2 x  atanx
implies that tan 2 x  atanx –1  0
It is a quadratic equation.
If tanx  z , then the equation becomes
z 2  az –1  0
–a  a2  4
z
2
a  a 2  4
tanx 
2
 a  a 2  4 
x  tan 1  
 2 
 
There are two roots of the Consider equation, but we need to find the number of roots in the first
quadrant.
 2
1 a  a  4

There is exactly one root of the equation, that is, x  tan  
 2 
 
Question 5.

Solution:
The correct option is (c)
Consider:
7 cos2   3sin 2   4
 
7 cos 2   3 1– cos 2   4
7 cos 2   3 – 3cos 2   4
4 cos 2   3  4
 
4 1– cos 2   3
4sin 2   3
3
sin 2  
4
3
sin  
2

sin   sin
3

  n  , n  Z
3
Q6.

Solution:

The correct option is (d)

Consider:
cos 2  sin  1  0
implies that 1 – sin 2   sin  1  0
implies that 1 – sin 2  sin  1  0
implies that sin 2 – sin – 2  0
implies that sin 2 – 2sin  sin  2  0
implies that sin  sin – 2   1  sin – 2   0
implies that  sin – 2   sin  1  0
implies that sin  – 2  0 or sin   1  0
sin   2 or sin   1sin   2 is not possible.
sin   1
3
sin   sin
2
n 3
  n   1 , nZ
2
The values of θ lies in the third and fourth quadrants.
 5 7 
Hence, θ lies in  , .
 4 4 
Q7.

Solution:

The correct option is (c)

Consider:
cos3x tan 5x  sin 7 x
sin  5 x  2 x 
 tan 5 x 
cos  5 x – 2 x 
sin 5 x cos 2 x  cos 5 x sin 2 x
 tan 5 x 
cos 5 x cos 2 x  sin 5 x sin 2 x
sin 5 x sin 5 x cos 2 x  cos 5 x sin 2 x
 
cos 5 x cos 5 x cos 2 x  sin 5 x sin 2 x
 sin 5 x cos 5 x cos 2 x  sin 2 5 x sin 2 x  sin 5 x cos 5 x cos 2 x  cos 2 5 x sin 2 x
 sin 2 5 x sin 2 x  cos 2 5 x sin 2 x
 
 sin 2 5 x  cos 2 5 x sin 2 x  0
  sin 5 x – cos 5 x  sin 5 x  cos 5 x  sin 2 x  0
 sin 5 x – cos 5 x  0,sin 5 x  cos 5 x  0 or sin 2 x  0
sin 5 x sin 5 x
  1,  1 or sin 2 x  0
cos 5 x cos 5 x
Now,
tan5x = 1
⇒ tan5x = tan(π/4)
⇒ 5x = nπ+ π/4, n∈Z
⇒ x = nπ/5+π/20, n∈Z
For n = 0, 1 and 2, the values of x are π/20, π/4 and 9π/20, respectively.
Or,
tan5x = 1
⇒ tan5x = tan 3/π4
⇒ 5x = nπ+3π/4, n ∈Z
⇒ x = nπ/5+3π/20, n ∈Z
For n = 0 and 1, the values of x are 3π/20 and 7π/20, respectively.
And,
sin2x = 0
⇒sin2x = sin0
⇒2x= nπ, n ∈Z
⇒ x= nπ/2, n ∈Z
For n = 0, the value of x is 0.Also, for the odd multiple ofπ2, tanx is not defined.
Hence, there are six solutions.

Q8.

Solution:

The correct option is (b)

Consider:
3sin x cos x  3 … (i)
This equation is of the form a sin   b cos   c , where a = 3, b = 1 and c = 3.
Let:
a  r cos  and b  r sin 
Now,
r  a 2  b2
2 b
  3  12  2 and tan  
a
1
tan  
3


6
On putting a = 3 = r cosα and b = 1= r sinα in equation (i), we get:
r cos  sin x  r sin  cos x  3
r sin  x     3
2sin  x     3
3
sin  x    
2

sin  x     sin
3
  
sin  x    sin
 6 3
n  
x  n   1  ,nZ
3 6
Q9.

Solution:

Correct option is (a)

Consider:
2 sin 2   3 cos   1  0
 
 2 1– cos 2   3cos   1  0
 2 – 2cos 2   3cos   1  0
 2cos 2  – 3cos  – 3  0
 2cos 2   2 3 cos   3cos  – 3  0
  
 2cos  cos  – 3  3 cos  – 3  0 
 
 2cos   3 cos  – 3  0 
 2 cos   3  0 or, cos  – 3  0
3
 cos    or, cos   3 is not possible.
2
5
 cos   cos
6
5
   2n  ,nZ
6
For n = 0, the value of θ is ±5π/6.
Hence, the smallest positive angle is 5π/6.

Q10.

Solution:
The correct option is (c)
Consider:
4sin 2   1
1
 sin 2  
4
1 1
 sin   or sin   
2 2
  
 sin   sin or sin   sin   
6  6
n  n 
   n   1 , n  Z or   n   1  , n  Z
6 6

   n  , n  Z
6

Q11.

Solution:

The correct option is (b)

Consider equation:
cot  – tan   sec
cos  sin  1
  
sin  cos  cos 
cos 2  – sin 2  1
 
sin  cos  cos 
2 2
 cos  – sin   sin 
 
 1 – sin 2  – sin 2   sin 
2
 1 – 2sin   sin 
 2 sin 2   sin  –1  0
 2 sin 2   2 sin  – sin  – 1  0
 2 sin   sin   1  1 sin   1  0
  sin   1 2 sin   1  0
 sin   1  0 or 2sin  –1  0
1
 sin   1 or sin  
2

Now,
sin θ = -1
⇒ sin θ = sin 3π/2 \
 3
⇒   m    1m ,m Z
2
And,
sin θ = 1/2
⇒ sin θ = sin π/6
n 
   n   1 ,nZ
6
n 
  n   1 ,nZ
6

Q12.

Solution:

The correct option is (d)

Consider equation:
cos  3sin  2 … (i)
Thus, the equation is of the form a cos θ + b sin θ = c, where a = 1, b = 3 and c = 3.
Let:
a  r cos  and b  r sin 
1  r cos  and 3  r sin 
2 b
 r  a 2  b 2   3   12  2 and tan  
a
3
 tan  
1

 tan   tan
3

 
3
On putting a = 1 = r cos α and b = 3 = r sin α in equation (i), we get:
r cos  cos   r sin  sin   2
 r cos  –   2

 r cos  – 2
3

 2cos  – 2
3
 
 cos      1
 3
 
 cos   –   cos 0
 3

 – 0
3

 
3

Q13.

Solution:

The correct option is (d)

Consider equation:
tan   tan 2  tan 3  tan  tan 2 tan 3
 tan   tan 2  – tan 3  tan  tan 2 tan 3
 tan   tan 2  – tan 3 1 – tan  tan 2 
tan   tan 2
  – tan 3
1 – tan  tan 2
 tan    2   – tan 3
 tan 3  – tan 3
 2 tan 3  0
 tan 3  0
 3  n
n
 
3
Now,
θ = π/3 , n = 1
θ = 2π/3 , n = 2
θ= 3π/3 = 180°, which is not possible, as it is not in the interval (0, 2π).
Hence, the number of solutions of the Consider equation is 2.

Q14.
Solution:

The correct option is (b)

1
sin 2 – cos  
4
1
 1 – cos 2  – cos  
4
 4 – 4 cos 2 – 4 cos   1
 4 cos 2  4 cos  – 3  0
 4 cos 2  6 cos  – 2 cos   3  0
 2 cos   2 cos   3  1  2 cos   3  0
  2 cos   3  2 cos  – 1  0
 2 cos   3  0 or , 2 cos  – 1  0
 cos    3 / 2 or cos   1/ 2
3
Here, cos    is not possible.
2
Therefore, cos   1
2

 cos   cos
3

   2n 
3
Now for n = 0 and 1, the values of θ are π/3, 5π/3 and 7π/3, but 7π/3 is not in 0, 2π.
Hence, there are two solutions in 0, 2π.

Q15.

Solution:

The correct option is (d)

Consider equation: e sin x – e  sin x – 4  0
Let :
esin x  y
Now,
y – y 1 – 4  0
 y2 – 4 y – 1  0
4  16  4
y 
2
4  2 5
y  2  5
2
And,
y  esin x esin x  2  5
Taking log on both sides, we get:
sin x = loge (2 ± 5)
 sin x  log e 2  
5 or sin x  log e 2 – 5 
 sin x  log e  4.24  or sin x  log e   0.24  log e  4.24   1
And sin x cannot be greater than 1.In the other case, the log of negative term occurs, which is
not defined.

Q16.

Solution :

The correct option is (d)

Consider equation:
3 cos x  4 sin x  6 …(i)
Thus, the equation is of the form a cos x + b sin x = c, where a = 3, b = 4 and c = 6.
Let:
a  3  r cos  and b  4  r sin 
Now,
b 4
tan   
a 3
4
   tan 1
3
Also,
r  a2  b2  9  16  25  5
On putting a = 3 = r cos α and b = 4 = r sin α in equation (i), we get:
r cos  cos  sin  sin   6
 r cos  –    6
 5 cos  –    6
6
 cos  –   
5
From here, we cannot find the value of θ.

Q17.

Solution:

The correct option is (d)

Consider equation:
3cos  sin  2 …(i)
This is of the form a cos θ + b sin θ = c, where a = 3 , b = 1 and c = 2.
Let:
a = r sin α and b = r cos α.
Now,
2
r  a2  b2   3  12  2
And,
tan   a / b
 tan   3 /1
 tan   tan  / 3
   /3
Putting a = 3 = r sin α and b = 1 = r cos α in equation (i), we get:
r cos  sin   r sin  cos   2
 r sin      2
 2 sin      2
 sin    / 3  1/ 2
 sin    / 3  cos  / 4
n
    / 3  n   1  / 4, n  Z
n
   n   1  / 4 –  / 3, n  Z

Q18.

Solution:

The correct option is (c)

Consider:
tan 5  cot 2
 tan 5  tan  / 2 – 2 
 5  n   / 2 – 2
 7  n   / 2
   n / 7   /14 , n  Z

Q19.

Solution :
The correct option is (d)
Consider equation:
cos 2  sin   1  0

 1 – sin 2    sin   1  0
 2 – sin 2   sin   0
 sin 2  – sin  – 2  0
 sin 2   2 sin   sin  – 2  0
 sin   sin  – 2   sin 
1 – 2   0
  sin  – 2   sin   1  0
 sin  – 2  0 or sin   1  0
 sin   2 or sin   1
Now, sinθ = 2 is not possible.
And,
sin    1
 sin   sin 3 / 2
n
   n   1 3 / 2
For n = 0, θ = 3π/2, for n = 1, θ = 7π/2 and so on.
Hence, 3π/2 lies in the interval 5π/4, 7π/4

Q20.

Solution:

The correct option is (b)

Consider equation:
cos   1/ 2
 cos   cos 120
   120
Or,
cos   cos 240 
   240 
So, both 120° and 240° lie in 0 < θ < 360°.

Q21.

Solution:
The correct option is (c)
Consider:
3 sin 2 x – 7 sin x  2  0
 3 sin 2 x  6 sin x – sin x  2  0
 3 sin x  sin x – 2   1  sin x – 2   0
  3 sin x  1  sin x – 2   0
 3 sin x – 1  0 or sin x – 2  0
Now, sin x = 2 is not possible, as the value of sin x lies between -1 and 1.
⇒sin x = 1/3
Also, sin x is positive only in first two quadrants. Therefore, sin x is positive twice in the interval
0,  .
Hence, it is positive six times in the interval  0,5  ,  0,   ,  2 ,3  and  4 ,5  .