Practice Manual

AUTHORITIES

Dr. Wilson Mejia

FCS Dean

Dr. Flor Montes de Oca

Director School of Dentistry

Dr. Ana Campusano

Chair Coordinator

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TECHNICAL PREPARATION TEAM

Dr. Luis Rafael Sánchez R.

Dr. Walda Camilo Pichardo
Dr. Zuleika Badía Oleo
Dr. María Isabel Franco H.

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 PRESENTATION
This manual for the preclinical practice of Oral-Dental Anatomy
and Physiology has been designed to teach aspects of the form,
position and function of the denture, as well as the use of
correct terminology.

This manual has been designed with the development of manual

skills required by students studying Dentistry in mind.

We include techniques for large-scale and average-scale

drawings of permanent teeth. Drawings and preliminary
exercises designed for the development of students' manual and
visual skills and abilities.

The second part includes carving and soap modeling techniques

of dental morphology.

These techniques have been updated with the contents of the

new educational model with a constructivist conception, to
achieve meaningful learning, achieve the required skills in the
student and be able to apply them in their professional practice.

We hope that this manual will be very useful for students to

learn to model the morphology of teeth correctly and excellently.

Practice Manual

ACADEMIC REQUIREMENTS

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Semester: 4th. Semester

Prerequisites: Head and Neck Anatomy . (CMO – 116)

Hours : Thursday or Friday from 8/12 am.

Clothing : 1 White long-sleeved robe

Shoes : Black

Identification : white coat identified with the logo of the School

of Dentistry, name and registration of the student.

Mandatory Attendance: 3 absences fail the practice

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NECESSARY EQUIPMENT

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- Ambient classroom

- Suitable tables

- Data Show, whiteboard, eraser.

- Sheets with drawings and designs by steps of the tooth carving and
modeling procedure.

- Large scale models and extracted teeth models.

BASIC MATERIAL:
DRAWINGS:
- Graph paper

- A Folder

- Charcoal Pencil

- Eraser

- Pencil sharpener

- Millimeter ruler

CARVING AND MODELING:

- A 20X 20 inch Green Cloth

- Cuba Soap

- A knife

- A V carver

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 ETHICAL AND BIOSECURITY ELEMENTS

As in all dental practices, students and teachers are exposed to multiple

risks, so it is necessary to establish Biosafety Standards focused on the
prevention of accidents and common contamination risks in all procedures
in clinical practice such as laboratory practice.

In all practices, staff and students work manipulating inanimate objects,

simulators, sharp objects, materials for clinical use, lighters, alcohol, wax,
flammable materials, which contaminate the environment by emitting
gases, waste and dust with particles harmful to health. .

All this great risk affects the physical integrity and health of the work
team, potentially interrupting the complete development and successful
completion of the practice.

For this reason, it is necessary to maintain adequate behavior and

discipline for each of the work teams, which must be properly equipped
and dressed for their effective protection.

Students will be evaluated on their intellectual, ethical and professional

skills, attitudes and values.

Practice Manual

OBJECTIVES OF THE MANUAL

The basic objective of this practice manual is to facilitate the construction
of knowledge and learning of the subject Oral-Dental Anatomy and
Physiology so that the student becomes familiar with dental morphology,

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mastering all the anatomical architecture of the teeth with which he will
work. work his entire life as a dental professional.

 Identify the name of each tooth.

 Use correct terminology.

 Identify each of the faces or surfaces of the teeth and recognize

the anatomical and morphological characteristics.

 Identify the teeth inside and outside the mouth.

 Draw the anterior teeth on a natural scale.

 Acquire the necessary skills to handle carving and modeling

instruments.

 Reproduce the anatomical morphology of the teeth by carving

and modeling on a double scale.

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 VALUE OF PRACTICE
Practice is worth 100 points

-Attendance 30 points

-Drawings 35 points

-Carving and Modeling 35 points

___________________________________

-Total 100 points

MANUAL CONTENT

FIRST PART:
Dental Anatomy Drawings

SECOND PART:
Carving and Modeling of Dental Morphology

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OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS

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1. All teeth are made up of a crown, neck and root.
2. The adult has 32 teeth, made up of two groups: anterior and posterior: the
anterior teeth are in turn subdivided into incisors, which are a group of
eight teeth, and the canine group, which is four. The posterior ones are
subdivided into eight premolars and twelve molars.

Children's Teeth or First Teeth

Adult Teeth or Second Dentition

Incisors Canines Premolars Molars

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3. The incisors and canines are wedge-shaped or chisel-shaped, which are

used to cut and have a single conical root, called Uniradicular.

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4. The premolars have a pentagonal cuboidal shape and begin grinding food
with their occlusal surface. They generally have one root and sometimes
two or biradicular roots.
5. The molars have a cube-shaped crown and finish grinding food on their
chewing surface, which has pyramidal-shaped eminences. The upper ones
are Triradicular because they have three roots and the lower ones have two
forked roots.
6.
7.
The

anatomical neck of the teeth marks the end of the crown, forming a step at
the expense of the root; its shape and size depend on the number of roots.
8. All tooth surfaces are concave or convex, flat areas are produced by
chewing wear.
9. All proximal mesial and distal surfaces converge toward the lingual and
cervical.
10. All free labial or vestibular surfaces converge towards Incisal.
11. The cusps of the upper molars fall outside the lower molars.
12. The Anterior teeth present a bulge in the cervical area of the buccal
surface.
13. The anterior teeth have a concavity called the lingual fossa.
14. The posterior teeth have grooves that separate the cusps, fossae, and
pits.

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15. The cervical third of the labial surface of the anterior teeth has small
grooves called perichymata.
16. The labial surfaces of the anterior teeth have longitudinal lines called
lines of union of the developmental lobes.
17. The buccal cusps of the upper molars and the lingual cusps of the lower
molars are more acute and taller and the mesial cusps are larger than
the distal ones.
18. For the purposes of description the teeth are divided into areas called
thirds.

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 Practice Manual

Introduction, Nomenclature and Dental Terminology

Apex

Root

CCervivCervic
al Cervical

Crown

mesial Distal

MI angle Angle D

Incisal Edge

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 Practice Manual

INTERNSHIP PROGRAM

Drawings
Practice # 1: Exercises for the Development of Visual Skills.

Practice #2: Drawings of Upper Incisors.

Practice # 3: Drawings of Upper and Lower Incisors

Practice #4: Drawings of Canines.

Practice #5: Drawings of Left and Right Incisors and Canines.

Practice #6: Drawings of Upper and Lower Incisors and Canines.

Practice # 7: Buccal and Proximal Surface Drawings of Incisors.

Carving and Modeling

Practice # 1: Exercises for the Development of Manual Skills

Practice #2: Drawing and Carving of the Upper Central Incisor.

Practice # 3: Drawing and Carving of the Upper and Lower Canine.

Practice #4: Drawing and Carving of Lower Premolars.

Practice #5: Drawing and Carving of Upper Premolars.

Practice #6: Drawing and Carving of the Lower First Molar.

Practice # 7: Drawing and Carving of the Upper First Molar.

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 Practice Manual

First part

Dental Anatomy Drawings

PRACTICE No. 1

TITLE OF THE PRACTICE

Exercises for the Development of Visual

Skills

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 Procedure:

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Practice No. 1
Exercises for the development of visual skills

1.1 .- Make horizontal lines freehand with 5mm. Separating each one, the lines
will be from right to left, on another sheet from left to right.

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 Practice Manual

1.2.- Make vertical lines by hand with a separation of 5mm. On a sheet

from top to bottom. On another sheet, from bottom to top.

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 Practice Manual

1.3.- The lines in this exercise will be intermittent, pressing and releasing.

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 Practice Manual

1.4.- Shade from top to bottom on half of the sheet from strong to light,

fading the shading, on the other half do the opposite.

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1.5.- Make three circles in the center of the sheet and circle them,

imagining that they receive light from the outside.

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 Practical Evaluation No. 1

Exercises for the development of visual skills

Name Tuition

Indicator No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5

Cleaning

Precision

Proportion

Shading

Ability

Total

Valuation based on 10 points Total Value

Firm teacher Date

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PRACTICE No. 2
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 QUALIFICATION:

Drawings of Upper Incisors

Procedure:
2.2.- Draw the Upper Left Central Incisor (ICSI), scale in cm.

Crown height: 10cm .

Crown width: 8cm.
Root length: 11cm.
Total length: 21cm.

2.3.- Draw the upper left central incisor (ICSI), scale in mm.

Crown height: 10mm Crown width: 8mm.

Root length: 15mm. Total length: 25mm.

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PRACTICE No. 3
TITLE OF THE PRACTICE:

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Upper and Lower Incisors

Procedure
3.1.-Draw the Upper Central Incisors, Left and Right, in cm.

3.2.- Draw the Upper Central and Lateral Incisors, scale in cm.

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3.3.- Draw the Central and Lateral Lower Incisors, scale in cm.

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3.4.- Draw the Upper and Lower Central and Lateral incisors, scale in cm.

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PRACTICE No. 4

TITLE OF THE PRACTICE:

Drawings of Canines.

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 Procedure

4.1.-Draw the Upper Left Canine (CSI), to scale in cm.

Crown height: 10cm .

Crown width: 8cm.

Root length: 13cm.

Total length: 23cm.

4.2.-Make the handwriting of the Left Upper Canine, mm.

Crown height: 10mm .

Crown width: 8mm.

Root length: 18mm.

Total length: 28mm.

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4.3.- Draw the Left and Right Upper Canines, scale in

cm.

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 Crown height: 10cm .

Crown Width: 8cm.

Root length: 15cm.

Total length: 23cm.

4.4.-Draw the Upper and Lower Canines, Left and Right

Crown height: 8cm . Crown Width: 6cm.

Root length: 13cm. Total length: 23cm.

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PRACTICE No. 5
TITLE OF THE PRACTICE:

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Drawings of Left and Right Upper Incisors and
Canines

PROCEDURE:

5.1.- Draw the Central Incisors, Laterals and Upper Canines, Left and
Right, scale in cm.

5.2.- Draw the Central Incisors, Laterals and Upper Canines, Left and
Right, scale in mm.

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PRACTICE No. 6
TITLE OF THE PRACTICE:

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Drawings of Left and Right Incisors and
Canines, Upper and Lower .

6.1.- Draw the Left and Right Incisors and Canines, Upper and Lower, to a scale in

cm.

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6.2.- Make the handwriting of the Incisors and Canines, Left and Right,

upper and lower, scale in mm.

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 Practice Manual

PRACTICE No. 7
TITLE OF THE PRACTICE:

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Drawings of the Buccal and Proximal Surface of the Central
Incisor.

Procedure:
7.1.- Draw the Buccal and Proximal (Mesial and Distal) surface of the Upper Left
Central Incisor to a scale in cm.

7.2.- Draw the Buccal and Proximal surface (Mesial and Distal) of the Upper Left

Central Incisor to a scale in cm.

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Assessment

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Drawing practices: No. 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 - 7

Name Tuition

Indicator No. 2 No. 3 No.4 No.5 No 6 No.7

Cleaning

Precision

Proportion

Shading

Skill

Total

Valuation based on 10 points

Total Value

Firm teacher Date

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