FORENSIC

MORPHOLOGY OVERCOME ITS TECHNICAL INSTITUTE

JUDICIAL AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM

PIENDAMO, 2018
INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGY.

UNIT 1
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORENSIC AND
CRIMINALISTICS MORPHOLOGY.
IDENTIFICATION FACTORS
CHARACTERISTIC POINTS OF THE FACE
PHASES OF MORPHOLOGY.
INDUCTION TO MORPHOLOGICAL WORK.
MATERIALS TO USE.
RECOMMENDATIONS
CRANIOMETRIC POINTS
SKULL MEASUREMENTS
 INTRODUCTION
► Discipline responsible for studying the structure of
an organism or system, within a comparative
context; That is, it studies the shape, length,
dimension and chromatography of the general and
specific features of a person's face.
► Procedure that is developed in criminology with
artistic, technical and scientific methods applied,
manually or systematically in order to search,
individualize and subsequently identify people who
break the law, reported missing or NN corpses found
in the process of skeletonization.
 FORENSIC MORPHOLOGY IN THE
CRIMINALISTICS
► It takes place in criminal investigations, as
support in the identification of corpses, or
missing people, by working on the biometric
features of individuals, and identifying a set of
images through comparison of faces as a systematic
method of recognition.
► It provides the necessary bases for the
individualization of people, through techniques for
reconstructing facial patterns from bone
remains, and constructing spoken portraits of
living people.
• This science offers techniques based on body description with
emphasis on facial features, supported by anatomical, myological
and osteological study with the application of specific knowledge
in physical anthropology, psychology and judicial interview
techniques to obtain information.
► Therefore, they are trained to provide support in the preparation
of spoken portraits, and photographic recognition albums, in the
preparation of image comparison, graphic and systematized
processes of characterization, processes of
aging and partial reconstructions of the face based on images,
and even support the development of three-dimensional graphic
and plastic reconstructions based on bone remains, through the
recovery of human remains in exhumations, natural catastrophes
and mass disasters.
Facial morphological
comparison
GRAPHIC PROCESS
FACIAL
CHARACTERIZATION

based on images

Comparison carried out in the Morrolo

district
Facial graphic reconstruction - bone- Three-dimensional bone-based facial plastic
based reconstruction

fsci reconstruction triclin&isiau

• Determines age range, sex, racial affiliation and
morphological and somatic characteristics of individuals;
► The first systematic recognition method was developed by
the French criminologist Alphonse Bertillon in 1882, when he
began to take measurements and created a database of facial
features. The main method he used was identification based
on taking measurements. and classification of all possible
traits.
► Pupils
► corners of the mouth
► Eyes
► Eyebrows
► 20 distances
IDENTIFICATION FACTORS
CHARACTERISTIC POINTS OF THE FACE
► MORPHOLOGICAL: Traits Characteristics
Shape

► NATURAL: Age, ethnic characteristics,

Face
height, Proportions
sex,
Hairline
complexion,
dental eruption and position, fingerprints, molesLastand warts, eye,
hair and skin color Forehead
Horizontal wrinkles
Size
Eyebrows
► ACQUIRED: Surgical and traumatic scars, tattoos, amputations,Mouth
Brands Shape
Distance Superior lip
cosmetic and dental treatments Position lower lip
Color Shape
Eyes
Shape Distance between mouth and chin
Bags Chin
dimples
Wrinkles Dewlap
Length Brands
Width Special Scars
Prominence features Symmetry
Nose Symmetry friends
root shape

Shape of the nostrils

Partition
Size
Position
 PHASES OF MORPHOLOGY

► Individualization – Spoken Portrait – Witnesses, cognitive interview

► Preparation of photographic recognition albums – graphic process of age
(aging), partial reconstruction of the face based on photographs (images),
personal characterization processes (disguise), photographic comparisons
(images), graphic reconstruction based on bone (skull) and three-
dimensional plastic reconstruction with bone base (skull)
► Facial morphologist profile – identification and description of people
► IDENTIFICATION: Recognize if a person or thing is the same as what is assumed or
sought
► PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION: instantaneous, unconscious mental comparison between
the flesh and blood person observed, and the image of the same person that is
recorded in the mind or subconscious
► IDENTITY: Quality inherent to every human being, which remains
essentially the same, yet different from all the others
► CRIMINAL PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION: Act judicially equivalent to unequivocally
establishing the identity or physical personality of an individual from their first
technical review, whether anthropometric, morphological, photographic, lophoscopic,
odontosopic, phonospectrographic, graphological and/or genetic.

► PERSONAL DESCRIPTION: Physical, mental or moral representation of a person, by

virtue of which he or she can be identified, it includes the description of the entire
human body because it is accessible at the level of our gaze, and is easier and more
comfortable to perceive (particularly the face), since vital expressions and
temperament are reflected in it; They have more individualizing features than the
rest of the body.
In the judicial function, it begins from the reception of ambiguous data provided by
the complainant or witness; or photographs of a missing person, along with affiliation
data and personal details, provided by their relatives (imprecise or disordered).
► To locate, use is made of the morphological personal description that supports
lophoscopic identification, and is based on the characters and peculiarities of the
human body, especially its external appearance.
PHYSIOOMY: Peculiar appearance of each person's face, which results
from the diverse combination of their features. (exterior appearance of
people)
The personal and morphological description consists of the configuration
of the human body with data provided on the genotypic and physical
characteristics of the individual. Which are generally done in written or
oral form, and are complemented with all kinds of graphic signs or
drawings.
INDUCTION TO WORK
MORPHOLOGIC
The precise scheme that must be followed to make a perfect description goes
from general characteristics to specific ones, taking into account chromatic,
morphological, and complementary aspects.
► GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: It is necessary to achieve a first selective
exclusion, to eliminate from the research all individuals who do not fit the
established grades, including:
► RACE: Biological characteristics that manifest themselves genotypically (genetic
 inheritance) and phenotypically (visible traits).
► AGE: It can be real or calculated, when the age is assumed or comes from an approximate
calculation, it must be taken with an approximate margin of 5 years.
► SEX: These are the visible secondary characters that morphologically differentiate the
female from the male.
► HEIGHT: Height of a person, it may be exact or calculated, it varies between tall (> 1.71
m), medium (1.61 m – 1.70 m), or short height (1.52 m – 1.60 m). ).
► WEIGHT: Body mass of an individual, which can be determined exactly or
approximately; the calculation can be made by comparison with nearby people;
Estimates should be made in 5 kg, e.g., 70 to 75 kg.
► CONTEXTURE: Appearance in the muscle thickness that the individual presents. She
is classified as thin, medium, athletic, robust, and obese. Likewise, the total
posture of the body must be included: erect or standing, normal or inclined.
► SKIN COLOR (COMPLETION): Appeared on the face, and often on the cheeks, the
color of the skin depends on the greater or lesser proportion of melanin (organic
pigment based on iron and sulfur present in the epidermal layers). . This presence is
null in albino individuals. There are white, dark, black, or albino complexions.
► APPEARANCE: Model that represents a person due to their psychological and physical
characteristics (style of dress and external morphological structures).
 ► ACCENT OR DIALECT: Refers to language variations depending on the region from
which the person comes, national or other countries.
► SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS: The description should begin from the head, and progressively
descend towards the lower areas.
► FACE: Shape (Asymmetrical, elongated, square, round, pear-shaped and oval), appearance
(refers to the particularities found in the skin of the face, such as: wrinkled, freckled,
spotted, brownish or with acne and scarred)
► FRONT: Height (Short, medium and tall) and Length (Medium, Narrow and Wide)
► HAIR: Color (albino, gray, gray, blonde, brown, reddish, black and dyed), quantity (bald,
sparse, medium, long and very long), length (short, medium, long and very long), shape
(straight , straight, wavy, kinky, curly and woolly) and hairstyle (updo, parted to the right,
parted to the left, parted half, combed back, loose and capul)
► BALDNESS: Partial or total absence of hair; can be total, coronal, frontocoronal, frontal,
lateral, bilateral
► EYEBROWS: Amount and position, e.g. prominent upper, drooping lower and cleft.
► CHIN: Shape (sharp, square, dimpled and bilocated). Profile (Outgoing, medium and
incoming)
► NECK: Length (long, medium and short), Thickness (Thin, medium, thick), Particularity
(jowl, cheek, and apple)
► BEARD: Hair that originates from part of the zygomatic arch to cover the ascending branch of
 the mandibular body and chin. It is distinguished by its quantity (hairless, scarce, medium
and abundant), length (shaved, short, medium and long) and style (chivera, false and
sideburn).
► MUSTACHE: Hair that covers the space between the upper lip and the nose, described
by its quantity (hairless, sparse, medium and abundant), length (shaved, short,
medium and long).
► EARS: external organ of the ear, also called the pinna. Size (small, medium and
separated) , position (attached, medium and separated) and details (hairy, pierced,
attached lobe and separated lobe) are described.
► DENTURE: Set of dental structures that have a specific number, size, position and shape
of a person, whose function is chewing, phonation and aesthetic harmony of the face,
Origin (natural, artificial, mixed and without dentures), position ( separated, ordered,
crowded, cared for, neglected and injured)
 MATERIALS TO USE
• FREEHAND DRAWING : This system is carried out through the
composition of images of the face (facial features) of a wanted
person, which are joined one after the other by freehand
(drawing on paper) in a format designed for this purpose. ,
according to the data provided by the witness or person
interviewed; To do this, it is necessary to master the drawing and
construction of the human head in general.
It is necessary to know the head assembly, the proportions
between its parts, the shapes of the different elements that
make it up: eyes, nose, mouth, ears, chin and hair.
Graphite pencils with varied lead quality are used to outline and
give mass and volume.

RECOMMENDATIONS
► To carry out a Spoken Portrait you must have the minimum resources
mentioned below:
a. In criminal investigation, “the time that passes is the truth that flees” quotes Edmond Locard, a
concept to be taken into account by the expert in Spoken Portrait, the more urgent the expertise is
carried out, the greater the possibility of achieving a face with a higher percentage of approximation
whom the witness saw, time dilates or blurs memories.
b. Professional management of the art of drawing, in relation to proportions and dimensions.

c. Knowledge of Perspective.

d. Computer Knowledge.

e. Knowledge of Human Anatomy (bone, muscle, ligaments)

f. Morphology Management.

g. Minimum knowledge of Anthropology.

h. Investigative capacity that brings out the data in the witness's subconscious.

i. Knowledge of current laws.

j. Have a systematized questionnaire to carry out the Portrait in conjunction with the witness's
account.
CR
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 Raneometric issues — later form
Vertex

Lambda

Opisthocranion
Asterion

Inion

CRANIOMETRIC POINTS
 CRANIOMETRIC POINTS
AAuntos (Metric D raneoS — Superior Morma
Bregma
Stephanion

Vertex

Obelion
Lambda

Opisthocranion
 Skull Metric Points — aorma Nnfertor
CR
AN
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Opisthocranion
 Craniometric units
We can divide the main craniometric points into odd - middle and even - lateral

The odd - middle ones are:

•
•
•
•
•
•
Basion: virtual point in the center of the ventral edge of the foramen occipital
Opisthian: center of the dorsal edge of the foramen occipital
Inion: external occipital protuberance
Opistacranian: most posterior point of the occipital bone in the midline
Lambda: crossing of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures
Obelian: sagittal point between the two parietal foramina
The lateral pairs are:
THE
* Stephanion: crossing of the coronal suture with the superior temporal line
* Pterion; virtual point in the center of the pteric suture or parí et of rontoe
• Vertex: most superior point of the interparietal suture sf enoí dal; the anterior and posterior ends of this suture being called
• Bregma: crossing of the sagittal and coronal sutures propterion and metapterion.
• Metapion: sagittal point between the two frontal protuberances (difficult to determine} * Porion; point on the upper edge of the external auditory canal
• Ophryon: Sagittal supraglabellar point (depression! * Euryon; corresponds to the center of the parietal tuberosity
• Glabella: corresponds to the middle frontal protuberance * Asterion; confluence of the lambdoid, parietomastoid and occipitomastoid
sutures
• Passion: meeting point of the internalal suture with the frontal
* Dacrion; confluence of the lacrimomaxillary suture with the frontal
• Kidney: distal point of the internalal suture 4
Gonion: external part at the vertex of the angle of the
• Nasospinal: anterior nasal spine
• Prostion: distal point of the intermaxillary suture {if it exists! or
between the alveolar processes of the two incisors
* Msntonian: most prominent virtual point of the mental eminence
i Pogonion: most anterior point of the mental protuberance
• Gnathion: most anterior and inferior point of the mandible in the
midline
• Siapbilion: corresponds to the posterior nasal spine
SKULL MEASUREMENTS

► GLABELLO-OCCIPITAL LENGTH :
Maximum distance obtained from the
glabella in the mid-sagittal plane
► NASION-OCCIPITAL LENGTH: Maximum
distance obtained from the nasion in the
mid-sagittal plane
► BASION-NASION LENGTH: Length of the
cranial base
► BASION-BREGMA HEIGHT