Anthology of Mexican Folkloric Diversity

MARIA DEL ROSARIO GUZMAN HERNANDEZ
“ANTHOLOGY OF MEXICAN FOLK DIVERSITY”

Ceb 5/5 QGB
'Anthology of Mexican folkloric diversity'
Student: Maria del Rosario Guzman Hernandez.
Semester. 2nd.
Cluster. 202.
Subject. Dance.
Teacher. Edwin Ivan Luna.
CD. Guzmán municipality of Zapotlan el Grande Jalisco. June 10, 2010.

Index.
1. Aguscalientes…………………………………………………………………………
2. Baja California……………………………………………………………………
3. Baja California………………………………………….……………………….
4. Campeche……………………………………………………………………..
5. Chiapas………………………………………………………………………….
6. Chihuahua…………………………………………………………………….
7. Coahuila…………………………………………………………………………..
8. Colima…………………………………………………………………………
9.Federal District-Mexico City…………………………………………
10.Durango………………………………………………………………………………
11. State of Mexico………………………………………………………………
12. Guanajuato ……………………………………………………………………
13. Warrior ………………………………………………………………
14. Hidalgo ……………………………………………………………………….
15. Jalisco……………………………………………………………………..
16. Michoacán ………………………………………………………………..
17. Morelos …………………………………………………………………..
18. Nayarit…………………………………………………………………………
19. Nuevo León ……………………………………………………………………….

20. Oaxaca…………………………………………………………………………...
21. Puebla…………………………………………………………………….
22. Querétaro………………………………………………………………………………
23. Quintana Roo ………………………………………………………………….
24. San Luis Potosí ……………………………………………………………..
25. Sinaloa………………………………………………………………………..
26. Sonora…………………………………………………………………………
27. Tabasco ……………………………………………………………………..
28. Tamaulipas………………………………………………………………………………
29. Tlaxcala………………………………………………………………………..
30. Veracruz…………………………………………………………………….
31. Yucatan……………………………………………………………………..
32. Zacatecas………………………………………………………………………..
STATE OF AGUASCALIENTES
In the Aguascalientes Valley region, several Chichimeca tribes were located, among which
the Cascanes, Guachichiles, Tecuexas and others stood out; who lived by gathering and
hunting. During the conquest, one of the tribes that gave the greatest opposition was the
Caxcana, hence small towns of Spaniards and Indians were founded until forming what is
now part of Zacatecas, Aguascalientes and part of Jalisco.
It is not known exactly what type of religious or pagan festivals or dances were danced
during the colonial era. What is true is that in several towns in Aguascalientes the Pluma or
Palma dance was danced; It was not until 1915 when Mr. Don Bernabe Felix formed the first
Matlachines dance brought from Zacatecas where the main reason was to dance to the Holy
Cross of the bricklayers. After several years of this dance, others were formed such as the
of Mr. Don Lucio, that of Mr. J. Carmen Montes that still exists but now with the nephew of
Don Carmen, who is Mr. Jesús Vázquez Montes (El Chale), later the company of Don Alfredo
Cedillo was formed, that of the shippers, of Mr. José Gutierrez (La Panzona), that of Juan
Mireles which is continued by Mr. Juan Andrade Salas; From that same one, another was
founded with one of the captains (Juan Arenas Garca) that now continues with the dance
name of Matlachines "Tenamaxtle" that also continues with the same tradition of venerating
the Holy Cross. From these dances, others were formed in the municipalities surrounding
the Capital with different rhythms and styles, but always preserving the same tradition.
The Matlachines dance is performed with a hunched style and strong footsteps with a
degree of difficulty, which make it one of the dances with the greatest vigor and showiness.
The training of the members is composed as follows:
- Two captains forward.

- Two captains behind.
- Two bellies - that follow the two captains in front.
- Two against bellies forward.
- Two against bellies behind.
- Several dancers that can be from two to ten or more.
- An old or dark-skinned dancer.
- A drummer.
- A violinist.
The role played by the captains, including the captain major, is to initiate the steps of the
son that is played.
The functions of the old man of the dance are:

- Maintain order and discipline of the dancers.
- Carry in a backpack with a tool to fix the huaraches when they break down.
- Open the field among the public so that they can dance and their clothing consists of:
- A mask that satirizes different people. - A whip that serves to control the
order of the dancers.

- Carry a claw monkey or a stuffed animal.
- Shirt and pants decorated with hangings such as rags, corcholas, reeds, etc.
- Sometimes wears a wig or hat.
The musician and the drummer wear common clothing for normal use.
The music of the sones has been passed from generation to generation and of which they
are played:
La Lobita, El Borras, El Salinas, El Indio, Las Conchitas, El Meco, El Cangrejo, El Zensontle,
Rancho Nuevo, Las Cuchillas, El Bonito, El Borras and others...
LOCKER ROOM.
The Matlachines are not only known in the state of Aguascalientes, they also exist in San
Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Coahuila, etc. but with well-defined characteristics for each region.
In Aguascalientes the Matlachin clothing consists of:
MONTERlLLA OR PENACHO. Embroidered in beads and sequins with different motifs such
as flowers, butterflies, fretwork, etc. mounted on a base
cardboard; It has dusters or chilillos that can be 7 to 9 colors: green, white, red, yellow, etc.
made with cocono or turkey feather; It has two braids woven with brightly colored ribbons.
SHIRT.- In satin, the color may vary; Currently the Matlachines groups use it in yellow, red,
blue, according to the group's interests.
UNDERWEAR.- It is in color with white stripes embroidered on the sides with flower motifs.
SOCKS.- They have always been used in red.
HUARACHE.- It is known as Zacatecano or three-hole, it consists of 3 or 4 soles and a

baquetilla top, sometimes it is decorated with flecks of yarn, but that depends on the taste
of each dancer.
NAGUILLAS.- They are two pieces (front, back), they are rectangles that are divided into
stripes, in which some are embroidered with sequins and beads and others have reeds.
The motifs of the embroidery depend on the creativity of the dancer, which can be flowers,
butterflies, fretwork, etc., at the bottom they have a piece of flesh known as fringe; This can
also be plastic.
BODYSUIT OR VEST.- Made of fabric and embroidered with sequins and beads with motifs
similar to nagüillas, it is a vest that fastens at the back, at the bottom it has a row of reed
with strips of bait.
PATIO OR COTENSE.- It is a blanket square folded in a triangle, it can be embroidered with

flowers or an Indian; This is used by dancers who do not have a bodice.
CORRELERAS.- Made of meat, they are tied at the bottom of the knee and cut into strips of
approximately 30 cm. long.
BOW AND RATTLE.- Made with wood, the rattle made of a gourd in which anthill stones are
placed to give it a better sound, painted according to the initiative of the dance leader.
MAIN HOLIDAYS:
In the state of Aguascalientes, the dates where you can observe this type of dance are the
following:
- The main May 3 "Holy Cross Day" is celebrated in most of the State.
- That of December 12, "Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe, celebrated in all municipalities.
- That of August 15 "La Romeria", Day of the Virgin of the Assumption of the Aguas
Calientes" celebrated in the State Capital. In addition to the festivals of the different
Temples, Chaplaincies and joint altars.
BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTH
TRADITIONAL COSTUMES
For this reason, in 1955 a contest was held to

make and design regional costumes; The
winner was the "Flor de Pitahaya" costume, a
characteristic plant of the Baja Californian
deserts.
WOMEN. The representative suit is made of

red, white and green satin. The blouse is
white, with an oval neck and with a green
dragon fruit embroidered in beads and
sequins. The skirt is red and semicircular, the
lower part of which is surrounded by a white
ruffle and no buttons. Both the blouse and the
skirt have a branched cactus embroidered, of
which three flowers are distributed, one at the
top and two on the sides. The tones in which
the cacti and flowers are embroidered and
painted are green, pink and yellow, with
Representative folk costumes with ancient sequins and beads in the same tone; It is
origins abound in our country. But on the decorated with a tulle bow embroidered in
peninsula, no one in particular had been black beads, an effect that simulates the pulp
defined, but period costumes were used in the of the seed. It is complemented with a pearl
absence of a dress that met the necessary necklace and earrings.
characteristics to symbolize, before the other
entities of the Mexican Republic, the territory MAN. The typical men's suit consists of cotton
of Baja California. pants and a shirt, the latter checkered. For
footwear they wear boots with spurs. A palm
hat is worn on the head.
It is a State with interesting peculiarities, it has large cities and at the same time a multitude of
small towns, due to the profile of its inhabitants it is a safe and quiet place to travel, in addition to
being recognized for the great hospitality among its people.
For these same reasons, thousands of American citizens maintain residences along the Gold
Coast overlooking the Pacific. Baja California is an interesting mix of the modern and the native,
cultural traits from the entire country mix here with their own, causing an interesting cultural and
artisanal activity.
POPULAR MUSIC : Among the different types of music, the most representative of Baja California
occurs in the northern groups accompanied by accordion and sixth bass, which perform corridos
and indigenous music with rattle or a cappella.
. TYPICAL FOOD OF BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE
In Baja California Norte there is a vast gastronomic

wealth. Be sure to try the Seafood paella in
Ensenada, the exquisite Puerto Nuevo Style
Lobster, which gets its name from the town that
created it and is served accompanied by beans
and rice. Sea food is a delicacy in Baja California
from the traditional fish tacos, fresh seafood
prepared in every way imaginable, to the exquisite bread and eggnog from Madres
Brigidinas, from Tecate.
It is known by many that the traditional food of

Mexicali is Chinese Food, making it a must-have
option when visiting this city, which offers around
120 establishments of this specialty. As a curious
fact, you should know that some internationally
recognized recipes were created in Baja California:
Caesar Salad, Clamato and the refreshing
Margaritas.
90% of Mexico's renowned wines are grown and

made in a region near Ensenada that is famous for
the quality of its production and the beauty of its
landscapes. This area is recognized as the
Bordeaux Region: The Valley of Guadalupe. Every
year the main wine houses in the country offer a
season of celebrations and events to promote the
culture of Wine, Harvest Festivals.
Baja California is located in the extreme northwest of Mexico . It shares the Baja
California peninsula with the Mexican state of Baja California Sur . Before
achieving statehood in 1952 , it had the name of the Northern Territory of Baja
California . It has an area of 71,576 km², that is, 3.57% of the country. It is
bordered to the west by the Pacific Ocean , to the east by the Sea of Cortez or Gulf
of California , the state of Sonora and the US state of Arizona , to the south by the
state of Baja California Sur and to the north by the US state of California .
BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR.
WOMEN'S TYPICAL COSTUMES . Made of charmés or satin, in red, white and

green; The white blouse contains a neckline in the shape of a flower painted and
embroidered in beads and sequins matching the drawing.
The red semicircular skirt has a branched cactus plant, in which three flowers are
distributed, one at the top and two on the sides, as well as some fruits. It is
complemented by a wide white hem; The tones in which the cacti and flowers are
embroidered and painted are green, pink and yellow.
MAN. The typical men's suit consists of denim pants and shirt. On top of that they
are covered with a closed layer made of suede, which is called "leather." The outfit
is complemented by ankle boots and a palm hat, lined with fur or suede.
Popular music
As for popular music, we have the northern groups of accordion (cochi), bass sixth,
double bass (tololoche), two guitars and a violin, who perform corridos, waltzes,
polkas, mazurcas, chotís and redovas, all of them with a unique southern
Californian style. : melancholy in the rhythm and festivity in its verses
Gastronomy
Food: Lobster, Manta Ray and Marlin Crush; Seafood and Fish Meatballs, Milk
Goat, Meat Empanadas, Typical Mexican Food (Pozole, Menudo, Barbecue,
Antojitos, etc.) and Regional Cheese. Sweets: Milk Sweets, Guayabate, Sweets in
Syrup and Piloncillo. Drinks: Champurrado, Grain Coffee, Grape Wine, damiana
liqueur and date mezcal.
chiapas
Outfit
GASTRONOMY
Chiapas food is very varied. Since one of the state's

maxims is that it eats everything that moves on earth, as
long as it is not a human being. This has led to the
creation of such exotic dishes as monkey stew, jaguar
head tacos, roasted iguana, nucú (ant) tacos and garlic
snake bathed in its juice.
Chiapas are great consumers of healthy food, such as

fried foods, soft drinks , sweets and beers . Which has
earned them one of the most athletic figures in all of
Mexico .
MUSIC
The first marimba that is known in Chiapas dates back to 1545 at the Santa Lucía
hacienda (today Jiquipilas). Even today there is debate about the origin of this
wonderful instrument .
CHIHUAHUA
WOMEN. The Chihuahua regional costume consists of a blouse and a long skirt, a
waist sash and huaraches.
MAN. The costume consists of a military suit, tunic, high collar, trabucado pants
and ankle boots are used as footwear. Currently, a series of combinations have
been made, in which suede and denim predominate.
In rural areas, typical clothing consists of a shirt, pants, and cowboy boots.
Music
POPULAR MUSIC: Northern accordion and sixth bass ensembles; indigenous

music with violin, drums and shawms; sones and corridos like that of Chihuahua;
La Pascola dances, matachines and dutuburys.
Gastronomy
Among the products most commonly used for cooking in this region are dehydrated
corn kernels, known as "chacals" and chile paso, which is dehydrated green chile,
which represents the base of all the stews that are prepared. in these lands.
Dehydrated and dried meat is also very typical and is cut into thin portions called
"cecinas" to make different dishes.
The stews are generally made with vegetables and

grains that are harvested in abundance here, such as
potatoes, chickpeas, corn, wheat, beans and different
varieties of chili peppers; These are combined with beef
to make very tasty dishes such as picadillo, caldillo,
roast and cocido, among others.
Coahuila
Dance
Coahuila is a state full of color and folklore. It has very special and traditional
dances from its indigenous past, such as:
Dance of the Lechuguilla

The lechuguilla dance had its origin in the Ixtlera region, between the south of
Coahuila and Nuevo León and the north of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí.
The lechuguilla or palm ixtle carvers showed signs of joy by executing simple
steps, similar to the matlachines. It greatly imitates the Tlaxcaltecan dancers,
except that the lechuguilla dance shows in its movements what the peasant
performs when cutting and carving the pulla from which he obtains the ixtle.
The Tlaxcaltecan Dance of the Ojo de Agua

Brought to Coahuila by the Tlaxcalans in 1591, this dance, with various variants, is
performed in many of the places they colonized. The version presented here dates
back to 1840: on the second Sunday of September, in the Ojo de Agua
neighborhood, where the image of the crucified Christ is venerated, the dance is
presented with offerings and “waxes.”
Kikapoo Dances
Established in the foothills of the beautiful Sierra de Santa Rosa, in the place
called El Nacimiento, in the municipality of Melchor Múzquiz, north of Coahuila,
lives the Kikapoo tribe.
The expression that attracts the most attention is their dances; They perform them
before natural manifestations, to wait for the new year or to celebrate the
anniversary of their arrival to these lands, which Benito Juárez granted them.
Some of their dances are called La Chueca, Del Hilo, Del Soldado, De Oro, Del
Estribo, Del Coyote, La Cuarenta y9, and El Baile de Parejas.
Pateño Syrup
The happy and simple farmers of the municipality of General Cepeda celebrate
the harvest of their crops with festivals. On these occasions the Jarabe Pateño is
danced, so called because its primitive settlers were the “Patchos” Indians.
Jarabe had its origin in Charco del Tulillo, it has very ancient sounds, dating back
to when these places constituted the Marquisate of Aguayo and Santa Olaya in the
17th century. The steps of this syrup, some imitation, were compiled and presented
in 1931.
Arteaga Contradanza
Dance brought to the picturesque town of Arteaga in the south of Coahuila, by a
group of Europeans who arrived with the purpose of industrializing turpentine and
cultivating vines.
The Contradanza aroused the interest, first of the local aristocracy, and then of the
people, who gave it a very special character in its performance.
The Contradanza is of English origin, it was danced at the beginning of the 18th
century, deriving the word from country dance, which means country dance.
Polka, Redova and Chotis

Dances of European origin that take naturalization in the northern states of our
country (Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Chihuahua and Coahuila). They take a very
particular style from each entity, characterizing this in the execution of their steps
and in their clothing. They have a lot of popular roots among peasant groups.
Gastronomy
Among the most traditional dishes of the region we find:
The machaca prepared with the rich dried meat of Múzquiz, the tasty meat roasted
over charcoal, the goat al pastor and fried and the flour tortillas so traditional from
all over northern Mexico.
The famous table wines and liqueurs of Parras de la Fuente, since the vines have
been cultivated since the 16th century when they were brought by Francisco de
Urdiñola.
Milk candy and preserved fruits such as peach, apricot, quince and apple, as well
as the delicious cajetas or fruit pastes, are a very strong tradition in Saltillo, as they
are harvested in the region and have been prepared by generation-old Coahuila
families. after generation. That's where the saying comes from: In Saltillo, he who
is not a poet makes cajeta; and, pulque bread, a food brought with pulque by the
Tlaxcalans.
Dancers wear a skirt or nagüilla of black fabric with wide colored stripes, adorned
with beads or sequins, from which hang or hang pieces of reed topped with balls of
colored yarn at the end. They wear a long-sleeved red shirt and on top of this they
wear a jacket of the same color as the skirt and decorated similarly. Under the
nagüilla they wear knee-length pants made of red fabric. They wear long stockings
up to the knee, as well as huaraches with thick three-hole ramrod or houndstooth
soles. On their heads they wear a plume or headdress with a glow in front made
with feathers of different colors and decorated with paper beads and mirrors.
PROPS THAT THE DANCE REQUIRES:
 Rattle made from gourd filled with anthill pebbles.

 Viper Bells
 Bow and arrow carried by the left hand.
Colima:
Typical Colima Costumes
1.- WOMAN. The traditional costume of Colima, used in the novena of the Virgin of
Guadalupe, is a suit hand-embroidered in cross stitch, with the image of the Virgin,
brown in color on the front and finished in figures of stars and roses on the skirt. ; It
is a garment that is made in family workshops. Another of the costumes, of pre-
Hispanic origin, is white with figures and fretwork dyed indigo blue and red, due to
the insect called cochineal.
2.- MAN. They usually wear white pants and shirt, this one with long sleeves, a red
scarf around their neck and a palm hat on their head.
Gastronomy
Among the most popular Colima dishes that are representative of the state are
sopitos - small toasts covered with minced meat and bathed in "juice" -; fat sopes,
leg, loin or chicken; and the toasts made with the same meats and prepared on
shaved and golden tortillas. Pozole (cooked corn) with pork is the traditional snack,
with the characteristic of being dry and juicy. Other typical stews are tatemado -
pork marinated in coconut vinegar and stewed in red chili -, pepena - stewed beef
entrails -; and cuachala - mashed corn cooked with shredded chicken. The local
varieties of tamale are pata de mula -bean, wrapped in corn "leaf", not in
totomoxtle-; those with meat and those with tender corn. Comala is distinguished
by the production of dairy products, such as ranchero cheese, panela and cream;
also, along with Villa de Álvarez, for its sweet bread, of which the bonnets or egg
picón stand out.
Traditional drinks in hot times are the tuba (drink) , the bate (drink) and the tejuino .
During the rainy season it is possible to enjoy jackals, or river prawns, prepared in
broth. Also at that time, on the coast, the moyos - a variety of Moro crab -, stewed
a la diabla. There are prawn farms that ensure a permanent supply of this culinary
delight, enjoyed in broths, with butter, garlic or simply cooked. Different from the
way it is prepared in neighboring states, Colima ceviche is made by finely
shredding the fish (preferably sawfish) and cooking it in Tecomán lemon juice and
mixing carrot, onion, cilantro, tomato; In addition, ceviche can be made with
shrimp. Carved fish is a highly appreciated specialty; This is prepared with a whole
fish, opened and covered with chopped vegetables, then wrapped in a banana leaf
and roasted on charcoal.
FEDERAL DISTRICT
GASTRONOMY
The mixmole - fish mole - that is prepared in Míxquic has had to replace the
cow tongues - a type of quelite - with chard and the native fish with carp. On
the other hand, the Federal District is home to major gastronomic events
national such as the National Mole Fair that is held during the first three
weeks of October in San Pedro Atocpan
MUSIC….
In the popular festivals there is no shortage of dances such as the following:
Aztecs or of the conquest, Santiagos, Pastoras, Arrieros, Doce pares,
Chinelos. In Plaza Garibaldi there are folk music groups from all over the
country: Norteños, mariachis, jarochos, marimba and trios. Throughout the
city there are countless modern music groups: Tropical, banda, rock and
other rhythms.
OUTFIT ….
Man. THE charro suit. The typical clothing of the men of Salamanca is the charro
suit, which in Mexico, and not necessarily derived from the first, was officially
established in the decades after the Mexican Revolution as the "national attire."
Women. Costumes, which are in harmony with nature, are a complete set of living
forms, beautiful women, typical costumes, crafts, customs and many more things
are reflected in these images, which are (among other things) the pride of the
Mexican people.
DURANGO
MUSIC: Well, it enjoys musical expressions similar to those of its neighboring

states: wind bands, string ensembles, northern ensembles, accordion and bass
sixth. All of them perform corridos, sones, polkas, chotises, redovas, waltzes and
songs such as Cardenche de la Comarca Lagunera, sung a cappella. It also
highlights indigenous bow, flute and drum music.
GASTRONOMY: Durango cuisine is distinguished by the use of all types of meat

as the main ingredient in dishes such as: caldillo, made with dried meat and red
chili; the red pipián or the durangueño patoles, made with white beans and pork,
which can be accompanied with table wines or the typical mezcal. You can also
enjoy the famous Mennonite cheeses, accompanied by bread with jelly or quince
cajeta, traditional sweets from the region.
CLOTHING: The woman wears a flowered dress, but in dark colors, the skirt has a
white ruffle, which is placed on the front of the blouse. The blouse has long sleeves
and the same fabric as the skirt.
In the case of men, it is a blanket suit (both pants and shirt, the shirt either with
buttons or closed) and has a red girdle (faja, fajero, or it may have other names).
Huaraches colimote palm hat.
The city of Guanajuato
offers you the greatest variety of typical Mexican dishes and dishes from different
countries, with extensive services at your disposal and the best attention.
Guanajuato has a wide variety of delicious dishes typical of the region such as
pork legs, Guanajuato pacholas (fried ground beef), carnitas empanadas,
Acámbaro bread, San Miguel de Allende style fiambre (mixture of different types of
meat beef, chicken and pork - with fruits and vegetables in oil and vinegar); but the
classics are definitely the mining enchiladas. Its best-known drinks are beet water,
cebadine, strawberry liquor and mesquite water. And for a perfect menu, desserts
such as Irapuato strawberries with cream or cajeta gelatin cannot be missing. If
you want to try typical sweets, the main ones are the cajetas from Celaya and the
charamuscas, made of burnt sugar and piloncillo, the jamoncillos, the pepitorias,
the alegrías, the cocadas and the crystallized strawberries from Irapuato.
Sounds and syrups, huapangos (Xichú), baseball players, bronco dances, bull
dance, some sounds that are from Jaral, and Juventino's waltzes.
The typical costume of the Guanajuato "Galereña" was

made up of an A-line blanket skirt; On top of this, she
placed another skirt made of red flannel, without
embroidery but decorated with green triangles at the
waist and along the hem; He called this skirt Zagalejo.
This dress was for daily, homely use, but when the
woman went out on the street she would place over
those two skirts a kind of white poplin bottom decorated
with ruffles, ribbon and ribbon and, in turn, she would
cover it with a new organza skirt. flowered and
decorated from the back.
This skirt had a small train of the same fabric on the back, reminiscent of the well-
known flamenco dresses worn by Spanish women. These last two garments were
gathered up and back by the galereñas to facilitate their work in the galleys. Long
knee-length breeches adorned with ruffles, ribbons, ribbons and half ruffles on the
legs. In addition to the corn on the feet, which completed the lower outfit.
Back and chest were covered by a white blouse with an

embroidered square neckline; The sleeve was short, also
embroidered. Over her blouse, La Galereña placed a bolita
shawl and decorated her neck with brightly colored
necklaces; Our galereña covered her neck with a brightly
colored scarf and protected her arms with a sleeve cover,
avoiding burns; For the same purpose, a palm hat was
worn. The galereña generally completed her outfit with the
usual decorations for every woman, such as colored
combs, ribbons in her braids, colorful bows, bracelets,
earrings, etc. But she also carried a wooden tray in her
tools to receive pieces of gray stone that, for a novice,
would only be "stones", but she, with great experience in
the trade, knew very well that they were carriers of the
valuable metal. , so coveted for its rarity, beauty and high
value.
It became so common to see these women, dressed in their attire on the way to
work, that the "galereña" costume should be appreciated by every Guanajuato
native.
Warrior:
POPULAR MUSIC
In Guerrero, two different musical rhythms are appreciated, in two different

geographical areas: sones, in Tierra Caliente, an area adjacent to Michoacán; and
the sounds of the small coast, which extends from Acapulco to Oaxaca.
In Tierra Caliente, sounds with a fast, danceable rhythm prevail, and the gustos,
with a slow rhythm and use couplets of a lyrical or picaresque nature. Both refer to
livestock activity, the beauties of the region and the fauna.
On the small coast the chilena is practiced, a musical rhythm that talks about love
themes, but it is still used to describe regions. It is improvised, it is sung in the first
person and with a masculine declension, even if a woman sings. It includes as
musical instruments harp, violin, jarana chica, percussion, guitar, requinto and
coincidentally a wind orchestra: clarinets, saxophones, trombones.
The Chilean dance from Guerrero is an imitation of the courtship of the rooster and
the hen. You dance with a handkerchief in your hand.
WOMEN. The women wear cotton tangles, made on a backstrap loom, made up of
two strips, with yellow stripes and crossed by pale blue stripes, which alternate with
stripes of sky blue. The dark stripes are smooth and the light ones have drawings
of animals in the middle of the jungle. In the center of the skirt is an eagle and a
snake, with the words "Arriba México" embroidered.
The huipil they wear daily is made of blanket. Artisela is the party dress. In both
cases it is embroidered in transparent chiffon. Their hair is braided in two parts,
which are interwoven with brightly colored ribbons of craftsmanship. They adorn
their necks with red glass bead necklaces or amber necklaces.
MAN. They wear white woven shirts, with decorations on the shoulders and
openwork stitch cuffs. The chest is made of two canvases glued together with a
strip around the neckline and with bags. The underwear reaches to the ankle and
is decorated with diamond-shaped drawings.
Gastronomy
Guerrero's meals are of great variety. Three major culinary currents come together:
the indigenous, the Spanish and the French. The first predominates, since the
dominant ingredients are: corn, chili, beans and meat.
Of indigenous descent are the red, green moles, clemole, ayomole, huaxmole and
all chilmoles or chili sauces; tortillas, memelas, chopped, chalupas, tostadas,
tortilla chips; The white and sweet atoles combined with various fruits; white,
green, and corn pozole or elepozole; Beans are prepared in many ways and are an
everyday food. In addition to chocolate and dishes based on tomato and peel
tomato. Our wheat, white or biscuit bread is of Spanish origin, including the
“chilpancingueñas”, the semitas tixtlecas, marquesote chilapeño, etc.
In Chilapa, delicious French dishes are prepared that the nuns of the “Incarnate
Word” brought in the 19th century and taught to the students of their school. All
regions have special dishes that families prepare and offer to their guests: salsa
and mole de jumil, in Taxco; bean, pumpkin or plum tamales, in Tepecuacuilco;
pigeons and quails in Iguala; cochinita adobo, in Huitzuco; rice and butter
pancakes, in Teloloapan; fried chalupas covered with shredded meat, onion and
chipotle sauce, as well as stuffed chicken, in Chilapa; cold cuts, spices and
barbecue, in Tixtla; octopus in love and garlic shrimp, in Acapulco; shrimp broth,
from cuatete iguana in Costa Chica; cooked fish and stuffed with pork in Costa
Grande; mole of iguana or armadillo in Tierra Caliente; tortilla chips and goat
barbecue, in La Montaña. Beef, goat, mutton and chicken barbecues are prepared
throughout the State; rice and vegetables in various combinations.
Among the hot drinks, apart from the various atoles, chocolate and coffee, we must
consider the various infusions with “tea”, lemon balm, grapefruit leaves, orange
and lemon flowers, peppermint, chamomile; among the fresh drinks, in addition to
the lemon, orange, pineapple, guava, soursop, hibiscus and tamarind waters, the
chilate from Costa Chica and the fresh waters of mango, papaya, mamey, cashew,
sapote prieto, coconut, palm tuba , cane juice and mamey aguamiel.
Of the alcoholic varieties, Guerrero mezcal is superior, according to connoisseurs,

to any other mezcal, its production is very limited and its consumption is only local.
Huitzuco wine is also famous.
GENTLEMAN
They have ample freedom to dress "etiquette", although they must always be
governed by good taste, and from time to time, by fashion.
However, although ladies "strictly" lack a regulated label, each type of male label
corresponds to a female namesake, which custom has been responsible for
normalizing to some extent. The influence of fashion, although great, should not
prevent us from maintaining minimum requirements to suit our companion and the
celebration or event we attend.
Music
In the State of Hidalgo we can find different types of traditional music, such as
sones huastecos, typical of the region; As for chamber music, there is the State
Symphony and the chamber orchestra of the Autonomous University of the State
of Hidalgo .
Gastronomy
It is wide and varied, with pre-Hispanic influence, where you can enjoy everything
from the most traditional to the most exotic cuisine, offering dishes that are made
with ingredients ranging from pork, chicken or mutton, to somewhat exotic and
daring ingredients such as They are the escameles and the maguey worms.
Another typical product of this area is a type of empanada or roll, filled with
potatoes and meat, known as pastes.
Men A suit is not just a jacket but rather two inseparable garments
made of the same fabric and design. Current and elegant men's suits for the
modern and active man of these times are based on a cut appropriate to the figure.
JALISCO
Women
The typical women's costume consists of a tangle of blanket that reaches almost to
the ankles, covered at the top with colored cross-stitch embroidery, it is pleated
with many folds at the front, it is fastened with a moon sash, still woven in a waist
loom, the shirt is made of blanket and has a small high collar, the sleeve ends with
a tight fit that, which is the same as the chest of the garment, is adorned with more
embroidery
The quechquemel is made up of a rectangular strip of blanket, folded in half to form

overlapping squares, sewn on the side adjacent to the double and at its vertex
there is an opening for the head to pass through. It has a cross-stitch strip around it
with human and animal figures and other embroidery on the two ends that fall on
the chest and back.
Music
"Bésame Mucho", "Chucuru cucú Paloma", "Amor, Amor, Amor", "Only once", "We
are boyfriends", "Guadalajara", "El Rey", "Amorcito Corazón"
Gastronomy: The most representative dishes of the state are:-Pozole,. Menudo

white and red, -Birria, -Tatemado (a lighter birria) -Ancho chili enchiladas with
roasted chicken, -Smothered cakes, -Meats in their juice with beans from the pot, -
asada tacos, carnaza and birria in the street stalls,-Meat with chili
-Pinchadas and tacos (there the quesadillas are only cheese and the others are
tacos. Man:
The charro suit is typical of Jalisco. The fabric used to make it is cloth, cashmere or
suede. The suit consists of narrow pants and a jacket. Typically, the suit has
elegant buttons on the sides and embroidery along the pants and the sleeves of
the jacket.
Typical Michoacan Costumes
Woman: The woman's costume consists of a "sabalina" skirt, which is fastened

with a girdle and leaves 20 cm of fabric protruding to form the famous "roll" of the
Tarascans. The costume consists of a black cloth skirt with a white blanket
petticoat. They wear two girdles; The first holds the skirt, the other serves as
decoration. The shirt is worn folded over the chest and back, with a drawstring
along the neckline; It is embroidered on the shoulders and around the neckline,
with figures of flowers, dogs and other animals. The aprons are made of cretonne,
in colored squares. The hairstyle consists of two braids and they wear earrings of
various shapes.
Man: His costume consists of a hand-woven sash, over a blanket suit, and a mat
or wheat tube hat, for daily use.
Typical dishes:
 Pátzcuaro whitefish .
 Charal (fish) from Pátzcuaro .

 Tamales
 Corundas
 Uchepos
 Enchiladas Placeras from Pátzcuaro .
 Tarascan soup
 La Morisqueta de Tierra Client, Michoacán
 Pork carnitas from Tacambaro, La Piedad, Quiroga and Huandacareo
 Goat birria, and carnitas from Sahuayo and La Piedad.
 Pot Podrida by Ario De Rosales.
 Guacamole from Uruapan .
 Cotija Cheese : Parmesan type cheese internationally awarded as the best
cheese in the world in Cremona Italy. * [[Goat and lamb barbecue, in
Zitacuaro.
Traditional music
 Pirekua
 Avajeño that unlike the pirekua only has music and does not contain lyrics
 Traditional music from Tierra Caliente
MORELOS' DRESS
Nowadays it is made of velvet fabric, and black is mainly

used.
It is a long garment, like the tunics of the Arabs, which
covers from the neck to the ankles, and with long sleeves. It
is decorated at the end of each sleeve, and on the chest,
shoulder, back and around the Ruffle, with lace or marabou
(feather or rabbit hair.
POPULAR MUSIC
Throughout the state, encouragement bands, sones and corridos called "bolas"
can be heard. A very Morelos dance is the "Danza de los Chineros", which is
usually danced at carnivals; It has become the most popular and representative
dance not only in the state, but also internationally. While in Piedelmonte there are
dances with interpretations of shepherdesses, and Moors and Christians
LOCATION: The territory of Morelos is limited to the north by the Federal District
and the State of Mexico, to the south by Guerrero and Puebla, to the east by
Puebla and to the west by the State of Mexico and part of Guerrero.
TERRITORIAL EXTENSION: The total area of the territory of Morelos is 4,950

km2, which corresponds to 0.2% of the total area of the Mexican Republic
GASTRONOMY: Some of its typical dishes are:
Duck Enchiladas.
The Cesina of Yecapixtla.
Tortilla Soup.
Terrine of Crabs and Romeritos.
DRESS
The typical costume of the State of Mexico is a mixture of

the Otomi costume and the Mazahua.
WOMEN. The woman wears an Indian head blouse,
quesquémetl or rebozo, and a sash or chinchote at the
bottom. He wears huaraches as footwear.
MAN. For his part, the man is wearing a blanket suit,
bandana, straw hat and wearing huaraches.
HISTORY
The geographical condition of the territory of the current State of Mexico is a factor
that has been favorable for human settlement since prehistory; Proof of this are the
fossil remains found in the Acozac Kings, in Chimalhuacán, in San Vicente
Chicoloapan and in Tequisquiac.
But it was also true for various indigenous communities that settled in the region,
among which the ancient cultures of Tlalilco, the Toltec, the Chichimeca, the
Matlatzinca, the Tarasca and certain Mexica groups stand out.
Later, with the arrival of the Spanish, the Franciscan friars began their evangelizing
mission in the Texcoco valley in 1523. Meanwhile, Nahuatlacan tribes originated a
place known as Tollocan, a place where Hernán Cortés later founded a town with
the name of Toluca, which was declared a city in 1577.
POPULAR MUSIC
The beautiful traditional music of the entity is represented by breath bands,

corridos, rattles and concheros; There is also indigenous music performed with
teponaxtle and huehuétl
GASTRONOMY.
Some of their typical dishes are:
Rabbit Mexiotes.
Pepeto.
Chicken in Cuñete.
Malinalco trout.
Nayarit clothing
We include traditional and ceremonial dress in this chapter that

talks about religion, magical and cosmogonic symbols because the
attire is conceived more than as protection for the body, as a way
to come into contact with the gods and dialogue with them. The
designs of the clothes have spiritual value.
For example, an embroidered scorpion asks for protection against

the bite of this animal, the embroidered ribbons worn on the head
are prayers against migraines, the birds awaken Father Sun, the
vipers, iguanas and other animals appear as a tribute to the
ancestors (who, originally, were animals). The simplest cotton blanket thus
becomes an object of worship to the gods.
Gastronomy
The gastronomy of Nayarit offers a great diversity of typical dishes from the region,
it is a cuisine based on products such as fish and shellfish, where we must
highlight shrimp, oysters and dogfish, fruits such as mango and banana. The
cuisine of Nayarit is a cuisine full of flavor and aroma, with which even the most
demanding palates will be satisfied.
Among the most representative dishes of this region is zarandeado fish, made with
snapper, which is prepared in mangrove wood, fish ceviche, oyster enchiladas,
oyster sopes, shrimp tamales, tlaxtihuilli or shrimp stew, rice with shrimp and bean
quesadillas, among others.
Music
Like the entire culture of the country, the music of Mexico is the result of the mixing
that occurred between European , American and African traditions, among others.
Mexican music is extremely varied and includes various styles determined by the
geographical region of origin, as well as by the different periods of development.
Many of the most famous and traditional songs of Mexico are known throughout
the world, although the Mexican origin of those compositions is sometimes not
clear to those who are not familiar with Mexican culture. Some examples of
Mexican songs famous beyond the country's borders are: "Bésame Mucho",
"Cucurrucucú Paloma", "Amor, Amor, Amor", "Solamente una vez", "Somos
Novos", "Guadalajara", "El King", "Amorcito Corazón" and some more.
New Lion
The free and sovereign state of Nuevo León is one of the 31 states that, together
with the Federal District , make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico .
To the north it borders the US state of Texas ; It also borders to the east with
Tamaulipas , with which it shares the entire eastern side boundary; Coahuila and
San Luis Potosí to the west, with the latter also bordering to the south. Nuevo León
has a border area in the north that extends 15 kilometers with the state of Texas .
[2]
The state capital is the city of Monterrey .
Festivities:
The celebrations with the most tradition in the state are the Villaseca Fair or
Villaseca Festival , held at the end of July in the municipality of Linares , the Apple
Fair in the municipality of Santiago , the Granada Fair in García, the Exhibition
cattle ranch of Guadalupe and the Orange Fair in the municipality of Montémoselos
.
Music
The Tamborileros de Linares are famous for their folklore drum and clarinet music.
The roots of this music are uncertain but it is happy and contagious, although the
sung texts are rare, they repeat legends of famous people from the region.
The Linares Drummers' performances have covered Far Eastern countries such as
Japan , European countries and the United States of America .
GASTRONOMY
One of the most famous recipes in the state is cabrito, which has various ways of
preparation; One of them is to roast the goat, no more than 40 days old, with
mesquite firewood and accompany it with a spicy sauce.
Another traditional dish is charro beans and drunk beans, very similar foods, since
they have the same ingredients: beans, bacon, tomato, cilantro, onion and jo;
The only difference is that beer is added to the drunken beans.
Dried meat is typical of this region. This peculiar style can be eaten accompanied
by lemon or stewed in many ways; The best known is the machaca with egg, which
is prepared with tomato sauce.
The nachos, tortillas that are divided into four forming
triangles, are also from the north, they are fried and, once
golden, they are sprinkled with Manchego cheese and
Serrano chili, and then put them on the grill until the cheese
melts; They are taken out and covered with tomato sauce.
Also native to these places is flank steak.
To sweeten the flavors a little, it also offers a series of
typical desserts, among which the "glorias" stand out, sweets made with goat's
milk, sugar and chopped walnuts, and the "hojarascas", which are wheat flour rolls.
, butter and sugar that melts in your mouth.
Typical Monterrey costume
The clothing worn by women as a representative costume respects 19th century

fashion and consists of two pieces: blouse and skirt.
The blouse is white and made of soft and fresh fabric such as Dacron. The front is
padded (with pleats) and the upper part has guipure (01) (lace without mesh),
which is also applied to the neck, which is high. The sleeves are puffed (wide and
fluffy), they have tucks on the front, which start at the shoulder and go to the
middle of the forearm, as they end with a long cuff that must also be decorated with
guipure or spikelet. (02)
The skirt is made of cashmere, wool cloth, gabardine or polyester, in dark colors or
pastel tones. If it is brown, it has a cream-colored velvet ribbon; If the skirt is
cream, it has a brown velvet ribbon or barred ribbon; If it is blue, it has a white or
yellow ribbon. Its cut is based on twelve blades with six hidden folds (pastelones);
It has six fretwork formed with a spikelet or barred (corrugated) ribbon and finishes
the decoration with large buttons covered in the same material as the fretwork.
Care must be taken with the arrangement of colors when making the suit.
The suit is accompanied by boots or shoes that can be white or black.
The dancer wears an onion-shaped hairstyle on her head and two combs on each
side. In his right hand he carries a Spanish fan.
PUEBLA
 Gastronomy
One of the many reasons why Puebla is famous is because of our exquisite and
varied food. Their clay pots, metates and wooden spoons give a different touch to
all those in the country. The gastronomic roots of Puebla cuisine are found in the
combination of indigenous and Hispanic food; So they give us a purely mestizo
meal. The indigenous cuisine was very rich in moles and pipianes, since to cook
them they had at their disposal the turkey or dewlap turkey, numerous varieties of
chili peppers and seeds, as well as tomatoes and tomatoes. Proof of this was,
without a doubt, the famous mole poblano, born in the convent of Santa Rosa,
back in the 17th century. The convents were important in the creation and
evolution of Puebla cuisine. The mole is a kind of national symbol. Like the
Chinese woman from Puebla, she has represented Mexico and has given it a very
special place and recognition in international cuisine.
 Music
Sonnets with violin and guitar, sometimes harmonica organs; music with shawm,
teponaxtle, flute and drum; abajeños, mountain, huasteco, huapangos, songs and
fandangos sounds; dances of the orange blossom, of the quetzals, of the fliers,
negritos huehues, tocotines, santiagueros and bullfighters
 Parties
Santos Reyes throughout the state, January 6; San José in Totonacapan, northern
mountains and the plains, March 19; Puebla Fair, April-May; Holy Week, moving
date; Ascension of the Lord throughout the state, May 4; Assumption of the Virgin
in southern valleys, central valleys and northern mountains, August 15; San
Francisco. in central valleys, in Totonacapan, northern mountains and southern
valleys, October 4; All Saints and Faithful Departed in central valleys, northern
mountains and southern valleys and November 2; Virgin of Guadalupe, December
12; December Christmas Eve; New Year. Dec 31 Avocado Fair in Atlixco from
October 30 to 30; Huipil Festival in Cuetzalan from October 1 to 10; Popular Fair in
Cholula from September 6 to 14; Popular Fair in Huahuachinango from March 6 to
14 Carnival in Huejotzingo from February 15 to 22 Cider Fair,
Huejotzingo from September 29 to October; National Fair in Puebla
from April 29 to May 23; Popular Festival in Tehuacan, from
October 20 to November 17; Coffee Fair in Xicotepec, from
March 21 to 30; Apple Fair in Zacatlan from August 13 to 21
The gastronomy of Querétaro has practices that have been carried out in this
region since the colonial era in the 16th century. That is why over the years we
have sought to give continuity to pre-Hispanic ingredients such as corn, chili, cacti
and fruits that give identity to this Mexican cuisine.
Place Date Party Activities

Amealco February 2 The Dance of the shepherdesses. Novena.
Candelaria Procession. Offering. Popular
Verbena. Music. Agricultural festival in
which the seeds that will be used for
planting are blessed, attended by
several communities.
Moving Carnival Masks and dances.
date
Moving EasterRepresentation of the passion of
date Christ. Procession with the image that
comes from San Juan Dehedó.
Popular festival. Offerings. Music.
Fireworks.
Moving Corpus Dances of Shepherdesses and Bows.
date Christi Altars with live animals and flowers in
Thursday the temple atrium. Procession.
December Guadalupe's Girl dance. Novena. Procession.
12th Virgin Music. Castles. Several communities
attend.
Dec. 24 Christmas Girl Dance. Shepherdess dance.
Novena. Mass. Procession. Offerings.
Music and songs. Castle. Carriers and
parishioners gather to lull baby Jesus
to sleep.
dry Creek December Guadalupe's Dance of flachicos, of Baltazares and
12th Virgin of Muertes. Mass. Procession. Music.
Castle. Charreada. Wax meeting.

Popular festival.
Bernal May 3 The Holy Dances of Flachicos, Baltazares and
(Ezequiel Cross Muertes. Novena. Mass. Procession.
Montes) Offerings. Music. Castle. Ascent and
descent of the Cruz de la Peña.
QUINTANA ROO
Music
The music in the entity has great Yucatecan and Caribbean influence, in the
southern region due to the constant communication with Belize and in the north
because for a long time only radio stations from Cuba were heard. With the high
number of national and foreign visitors, the influence of international music is
increasingly observed in tourist areas. In the Mayan area, traditional and current
music is performed with musical groups known as Maya Pax, in which rudimentary
musical instruments are used such as the drum built with logs, the snail, seed
rattles, etc., as well as instruments such as the guitar, violin, trumpet, etc.
Gastronomy
The food has great Yucatecan influence, highlighting the stews made with wild
animals such as deer, wild boar, wild turkey, etc. in pibil, which consists of
seasoning the meat and baking it buried and wrapped with banana leaves. In the
south there is Belizean influence such as Rice and Beans (fried chicken and rice
with beans cooked with coconut oil), boom bread, etc. In coastal areas, the
preparation of snail ceviches and Tikinxic fish is traditional, in which the fish is
seasoned with achiote and roasted over embers or baked underground.
Parties
The most widespread festivals in the State are the carnival that is celebrated
before Lent in February or March in all municipalities. In several municipalities,
especially those in the Mayan zone and Cozumel, the Santa Cruz is celebrated in
May. Religious festivals are also celebrated such as the Day of the Dead in
November, the Three Kings in January and those that correspond to the patron
saint of the various localities. In the municipalities of the Mayan area, religious
festivals typical of their traditions are held, such as Lol Cah, in which the people
are crossed with Mayan prayers; the planting of the Ceiba, which is the sacred
tree; offerings to the god Chac, of rain, to avoid droughts, etc. In recent years, the
Caribbean Culture Festival has been celebrated in almost all municipalities, in
which artistic groups from countries of the Caribbean Basin and other states of the
country participate. In the main tourist centers, sport fishing contests and sailboat
regattas are traditional. A traditional dance is that of the
chicleros, which recalls the chiclero camps that were
established in the middle of the jungle for the extraction of
sapodilla resin.
Other traditional dances, with great Yucatecan influence,
are the pig's head dance, the ribbon dance and the jaranas.
Gastronomy of San Luis Potosí

Enchiladas potosinas are a characteristic dish of San Luis Potosí. The basis of its
cuisine is a wide variety of dishes originating from the surrounding regions, an
example of which is the xacahuil from the Huasteca of Potosí, in which the dish:
enchiladas huastecas is also typical.
Outfit…
The indigenous Huastecas still wear their typical costumes consisting of a short
black skirt; fluorescent or bright colored blouse; "petob" (turban with stamens
intertwined with hair that varies in size depending on the municipality of origin); the
quexquemetl embroidered with cross stitch and colored threads drawing the tree of
life, flowers and animals of the region; the talegao bag; and the girdle. Many of
these suits are made on a backstrap loom. The indigenous women of the
municipality of Valles do not wear quexquemetl and their skirt is long and flowered;
They braid their hair with ribbons of various colors. The man wears underwear and
a blanket shirt.
Music…
Within the traditional music of San Luis Potosí we have the huapangos or sones
huasteco potosinos with violin, jarana and huapanguera; indigenous music with
huéhuetl, teponaxtle, rattles and 29-string harp in the Huasteca.
In addition, décimas, valonas, corridos, sones, breath bands and percussion bands
that perform marches, mazurkas and pasodobles are performed almost throughout
the state.
SINALOA
The original style of traditional Sinaloa music is expressed in “Banda”, originally

made up of 32 instruments, especially wind and percussion. It consists of trumpets,
trombones, clarinets, snare drums, bongo, tuba and drums, mainly. El Sauce y la
Palma, El Nino Perdido, El Sinaloense, are undoubtedly the purest manifestation of
the joy of wind and Tambora music that is present in all the celebrations of the
daily life of all the inhabitants of the entity.
The music has indigenous, Spanish, Afro-Cuban, and Chilean influences, and the
traditional dance is characterized by full-foot zapateado, the double step, and fast
rafting. The man's attitude is daring and virile, the position of the hands is
backwards, the woman performs alternate skirting.
The typical clothing of Sinaloa, with which the typical dance is celebrated, is made
of blanket. On the woman, the Amapa ornaments stand out, one of the
characteristic flowers of the state's mountains. The art of ceramics is also
represented in this costume.
The men wear a palm hat that is made in the municipality of El Fuerte and worn by
the Mayos who still exist. The shirt was used and continues to be used by the
farmers, as is the red bandanna with which they wipe their sweat and tears. .
GASTRONOMY OF SINALOA
Of the gastronomy of Sinaloa, we must highlight its variety and flavor offered by
products such as fish and seafood with which excellent dishes are made such as
Sinaloa shrimp, marinated in lemon juice, stuffed with grated cheese, wrapped with
bacon or cooked in the grill. In addition to smoked marlin, stuffed oysters, fish balls,
shaken fish, chiles stuffed with crab, pickled shrimp, mullet machaca, a great
diversity of dishes, made thanks to these excellent seafood.
Other dishes that can be tasted in Sinaloa are chilorio, finely shredded pork
seasoned with ancho chili sauce and others.
Sonora
Sonora is one of the 31 states that, together with the Federal District , make up the
32 federal entities of Mexico . It is located in the northwest region of the country. It
is known for its desert characteristics and beaches. Its capital and largest city is
Hermosillo .
There are two theories about the origin of the name Sonora , the first comes from
opt Xunuta, Place of corn , the second comes from Tohono O'odham ( papago ),
Sonota, which means place of plants .
It borders the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south and Baja
California to the northwest; To the north it shares an extensive border with the
state of Arizona and a smaller one with New Mexico in the United States and to the
west it borders the Sea of Cortez or Gulf of California . The state is divided into 72
municipalities and occupies second place in the country in area (first place is held
by Chihuahua), with 9.2% of the total Mexican territory.
The state of Sonora was established as a federative entity on October 13, 1830 ,
but was not recognized until March 14, 1831 . [2]
The territory is made up of four physiographic provinces: the Sierra Madre

Occidental, the Sierras and Parallel Valleys (also called Northern Plains), the
desert and the coast of the Gulf of California.
Gastronomy
Sonora is one of the 31 states that, together with the Federal District , make up the
32 federal entities of Mexico . It is located in the northwest region of the country. It
is known for its desert characteristics and beaches. Its capital and largest city is
Hermosillo .
There are two theories about the origin of the name Sonora , the first comes from
the ópata Xunuta, Place of corn , the second comes from the Tohono O'odham (
papago ), Sonota, which means place of plants .
It borders the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south and Baja
California to the northwest; To the north it shares an extensive border with the
state of Arizona and a smaller one with New Mexico in the United States and to the
west it borders the Sea of Cortez or Gulf of California . The state is divided into 72
municipalities and occupies second place in the country in area (first place is held
by Chihuahua), with 9.2% of the total Mexican territory.
The state of Sonora was established as a federative entity on October 13, 1830 ,
but was not recognized until March 14, 1831 . [2]
The territory is made up of four physiographic provinces: the Sierra Madre

Occidental, the Sierras and Parallel Valleys (also called Northern Plains), the
desert and the coast of the Gulf of California.
Outfit
Typical woman costume

Tabasco
The skirt worn by the woman of Tabasco is a wide circular skirt, made of calico,
chintz or any similar fabric whose construction is flowered.
The ready-made skirt ends with a very gathered or folded hem, which is called a
washer, which must have what is known as a duster just above, which must
maintain a uniform proportion below the knee. The skirt is of wide proportions and
long, reaching the ankle, exposing the dancer's feet. In the waist part, a
construction is formed called the waistband, which can be with the same
embroidered motif of the blouse that is worn or the flowered construction of the
skirt, in this smooth front part it has two darts on each side. and the rest gathered
to achieve a tail-dragging effect on the back of the skirt.
The fustian
Likewise, under the skirt, petticoats, bottoms or fustian in white with lace details are
used, giving it a more beautiful figure and providing beautiful proportions due to its
width.
Blouse
The blouse of the Tabasco woman is white with short sleeves and is worn on the
shoulders; It has a strip embroidered in loin stitch in varied and cheerful colors with
drawings of animals and flowers. This strip can be embroidered on a black
background or any other color that even combines with the predominant tone of the
skirt. It is worth mentioning that the short sleeves have a square detail at the
bottom of each sleeve, embroidered at the same point with the same design as the
blouse strip. The Tabasco woman's blouse is worn on the shoulders, but has a
sliding cord on the inside along the neck that allows it to be gathered and the
neckline shaped to the taste of the wearer.
The accessories : In order to dry off the sweat in a region as hot as Tabasco, the
woman carries a scarf or bandana of any color and style that is attached to the
right side of the waist by one end and the rest hanging over the skirt, although it
will also help you save your money. A shawl of some bright color, bright in
combination with the predominant tone of the skirt; black, closed-heeled shoes are
worn. They wear gold necklaces or chains or jewelry, gold-colored paraphernalia,
adorning their ears with rings of the same style as the necklaces.
The headdress
The Tabasco woman gathers her hair back, collecting it at the back of her head to
form a turux(2), where near the left side of it, a brightly colored bow or bow is
placed, bright in the tone of the skirt. On this same side and a little further forward
and above the ear, two tulips are lit, one red and one yellow, and four combs are
placed above the ear, representing the four folklore regions of the state.
Representative costume of the Tabasco man (stage)
Always virile and strong, he shows in his clothing the determined and hard-working
character of the Tabasco man, a man of work and strength, humble and conqueror.
The men's wardrobe consists of a white shirt and pants, black shoes or booties,
with leather soles and heels; black belt, chontal hat on the head and scarves, red
bandana around the neck. The pants can be made of gabardine or drill and the
shirt can be made of poplin or another similar fabric.
Gastronomy in Tabasco Mexico
Villahermosa and its surroundings have a great diversity of leaves, fruits and herbs
typical of the region, which give a special flavor to its gastronomy. In addition to
this, Villahermosa produces the best quality livestock in the southeast, and its
mighty rivers and lakes provide fresh fish and delicious seafood to Villahermosa
cuisine.
A fundamental ingredient in Tabasqueña cuisine is the pejelagarto, an endemic

fish with an elongated snout similar to that of a lizard with long, sharp teeth, with
which various appetizers and succulent dishes are made, such as roasted
pejelagarto, chirmole de pejelagarto, salads, empanadas and tamales. .
Tamaulipas
Dances: One of the representative dances of Tamaulipas, "La Picota", has its
origin in ancient dances dedicated to the fertility of the land. It is danced with bare
feet wearing blanket suits embroidered with flowers, while the drum and clarinet,
the only instruments, play the melody. The music and dances of this mountainous
region in the center of the state have their origin in the Villa de San Carlos, nestled
in the mountain ranges that served as a refuge for indigenous groups fleeing the
colonizers. These groups surprisingly attacked the towns founded by the Spanish,
so the civil and military authorities imposed exemplary punishments on those who
fell prisoner.
Intimately linked to the historical events of the towns are their customs and
traditions, which with their personal characteristics make up a way of being, like
that of Tamaulipas. The clothing with which the settlers protected themselves was
the result of a long confrontation with the natives and adaptation to the physical
and climatological characteristics of the land. From early times, leather cotons and
suede leathers were made, first as clothing for the military rider, then as that of the
country cowboy. Today, the cuera is the typical garment that identifies Tamaulipas.
In the dry and cold climate of Tula, in the southwest of the state, leather began to
be made on a daily basis, towards the middle of the 19th century. Its first design,
rustic, unadorned, is reminiscent of the fringed leather clothing of the northern
Apaches. Later, with the consolidation of nationalism after the fall of the second
empire and the definition of the national charro costume, the Tamaulipeca leather
was influenced by its decoration and adapted it to its personal style in the use of
arabesques with flowers, which today they continue to evolve. Just as the chinaco
suit has the national eagle implanted on the back, in its evolution towards the
charro suit, the leather carries the Tamaulipas shield.
GASTRONOMY : The richness of Tamaulipas is reflected in its cuisine, from the

dishes of the arid central belt, to those of the northern border region, passing
through the Gulf coast and.
When you arrive in Tamaulipas you have to order and show off the Guayín, the
Chochas de Sotol or the Flor de Pita with Egg that is served for breakfast; If you
arrive after noon, first order Cactus Empanadas, followed by Roast Pork, Potato
Mole with Shrimp or Goat in its Blood; and at night it also gives rise to the
weaknesses of the palate to savor Scrambled Tamalitos or a Piece of Cecina.
Tlaxcala
Traditional Tlaxcala clothing :
WOMEN. Although modest and simple, his costume is still beautiful. It is composed
of a graceful tapalo (shawl), a white embroidered blouse, and a velvet skirt,
decorated with brightly colored vertical stripes.
MAN. They wear colored shorts, a vest and a cape embroidered with sequins of
many colors. On their heads they wear a hat with fine, brightly colored bird feathers
and glasses.
Traditional music from Tlaxcala:
Traditional music in the Tlaxcala-Puebla valley, in the central plains and hills, in the
Great Plain of Huamantla and Block of Tlaxcala are marches, sones, waltzes,
chotines, paso dobles and mazurkas.
Pre-Hispanic music is also often performed using instruments such as the shawm,
teponaztle, snare drum and rattles in the Puebla-Tlaxcala valley and in the
Tlaxcala Block.
In the Huamantla valley there is music with bands and in the mountains with
psalterios.
Gastronomy: tortilla soup, broad bean broth and huitlacoche cream.
Regarding the stews, the mutton mixiote, the hoyo barbacoa, the turkey mole, the
green or red pipián, the Tollocan or Calpulalpan chicken and the shrimp or
amaranth pancakes stand out.
Among the desserts, delicacies such as sweet pepita, corn pancake, piloncillo
curd, muéganos, alegrías and buñuelos stand out accompanied by a delicious
traditional coffee (see coffee vending machines ).
Typical Jarocha costume . It consists of a wide, flowing white

skirt, inlaid with Valencian lace and a cotton tulle mantilla with beautiful
embroidery.
The blouse is sleeveless, in the same color. The outfit is complemented with a silk
shawl, with a striking cut, which can be white, blue or yellow; a small black velvet
apron with embroidered flowers.
It is a vaporous and softly fresh set.
Shoes must be white. The final decorations are a fan adorned with lace, gold
chains around the neck and bracelets on the hands, as well as a shawl wrapped
around the arms.
The head is crowned with a tortoiseshell comb and a ribbon tied in the
shape of a bow, the same color as the shawl and the decorative
flowers, as well as a bouquet of four natural roses that indicate the
marital status; If she is single she goes on the left side, if she is
married on the right side.
Typical Jarocho costume. The man's suit consists of white pants

accompanied by a white shirt (Guayabera), this must have four bags
and four tucks in the front and six tucks in the back.
Shoes must be white; They are complemented by a palm hat.
Typical food: dishes from the sea such as pickled fish, octopus in its ink, white
rice, shrimp empanadas, fried fish, chilpachole and the famous Huachinango a la
Veracruzana. . The coffee from this area has an incomparable and aromatic flavor,
not for nothing does it boast of being exported to many countries and being one of
the best in the entire world. And since we are talking about coffee, we cannot fail to
mention that few places in the world are as representative of a city and a State as
the famous Gran Café de la Parroquia in the Port of Veracruz.
Folklore music: The son jarocho, the zapateado and the jarana.
Outfit
The man uses the guayabera, a garment that in Yucatan has unique
characteristics, which can be short-sleeved or long-sleeved and in different colors,
generally light, which is used depending on the occasion and the weather. On
festive occasions it is worn with white pants, the Filipina also white. This garment is
a variant of the guayabera used since the end of the 19th century and is
considered the typical garment of the mestizo. To complement the outfit, a hat,
espadrilles and a red bandana are used.
Women use the hipil daily. A more elaborate version of this hipil is the terno, which
is used on special occasions. The outfit is complemented with a shawl and white
shoes, which are generally embroidered when wearing the terno.
The women's hairstyle is collected in the shape of a bun; Some flowers are placed
on the right side for married women and on the left for single women.
Music
Regarding music, Yucatecan trova is a musical genre that emerged in Yucatan at

the end of the 19th century that achieved enormous popularity in the first decades
of the 20th century. A particular distinction of the Yucatecan Trova is its diversity of
guitar and voice harmonies, as well as its rhythms, among which the Bolero,
Bambuco, Clave, Danza, Jarana, Pasillo, Joropo, Vals among others stand out.
Some of these rhythms that reflect the cultural interactions of the state with
Caribbean, South American and European countries, have been adapted in a
particular way that allows them to be identified as Yucatecan.
There are a plurality of poets, composers, and singer-songwriters who have

transcended the borders of Yucatán with their music and songs. Among others,
they stand out: Peregrina, To Yucatán, Aires del Mayab, Beso Asesino, Mérida
Colonial, Boca Loca, Caminante del Mayab, I will love you all my life, With you I
learned, The Blue Bird, This afternoon I saw it rain, Envied Girlfriend, A guy like I.
Love, love, Never, etc. In Yucatán, to promote and preserve its great collection of
popular music, there is a rich Museum of Yucatecan Song in which presentations
of Yucatecan trova are given.
The Yucatecan jarana is a musical genre that some consider a local adaptation of
the Spanish Jota , introduced during colonial times, which has been danced for
generations at popular festivals called vaquerías .
There is a great variety of dances that are accompanied by the music of the jarana;
Among them, the ribbon dance and the pig's head dance stand out. [98]
Yucatán has one of the best symphony orchestras in Mexico that is supported
tripartitely between the state government, the public and the Board of Trustees of
the Yucatán Symphony Orchestra. [99] made up of private donors who love good
music. The headquarters of the Yucatán Symphony Orchestra [100] It is the famous
Peón Contreras Theater .
Gastronomy of the state of Yucatán
Yucatecan cuisine is the delicious result of a culinary mix that combines European
and Creole influence. Typical dishes include:
 Panuchos: These are tortillas filled with dried black beans and topped with
chopped lettuce, raw tomato, shredded chicken and tanned jalapeno
peppers.
 Papadzules: They are corn tortilla taquitos. The warm tortillas are soaked in
a slightly thick cream made from ground seeds. Put crushed egg in the
center and roll them up. They are covered with the pepita cream and
tomato sauce.
 Turkey in Black Stuffing: A turkey is stuffed with a sausage made with
ground pork mixed with black meat.
 Stuffed Cheese: A cheese ball is filled with a sausage made with ground
pork. The cheese is bathed with a kol and a sauce.
 Poc-Chuc: Slices of pork loin with roasted tomato and onion. It is served
with strained black beans.

 Cochinita Pibil: Marinated pork, put in a special can wrapped in banana
leaves and buried for two hours. Tacos are generally prepared by
seasoning them with chopped onion soaked in sour orange juice and chili.
 Pollo Pibil: Marinated chicken cut into pieces. It is accompanied with
pickled onion.
 Lime Soup: Broth with fried tortilla strips, pieces of chicken breast and a
slice of lime.
 Pickled Chicken: Seasoned chicken with recado and sliced and tanned red
onion.
Drinks
 Sa: atole.
 Ak sa: new atole.
 Cikil sa: atole with seed.
 Tan chucua: atole with chocolate.
 Keyem: pozole.
 Chokó sakam: drink made with boiled corn dough.
 Balché: spirit drink made from the bark of a tree with that name.
ZACATECAS NUMBER 32
Zacatecas is one of the 31 states that, together with the Federal District , make up
the 32 federal entities of Mexico .
It borders Coahuila to the north, Durango to the northwest, Nayarit to the west, San
Luis Potosí to the east, and Jalisco and Aguascalientes to the south. The capital is
the city of Zacatecas . It has 58 municipalities and its main economic activities are
mining, agriculture and tourism. The state is known for its large deposits of silver
and other minerals, its colonial architecture, and its importance during the Mexican
Revolution . The current governor is Amalia García , the first woman to govern this
state.
Music
The corrido, in its multiple manifestations, is famous throughout the state of

Zacatecas. In the south of the altiplano and north of the mountains, breath bands,
better known as tumbazo , are usually found. " La Marcha Zacatecas " by Genaro
Codina , has been heard for years throughout the republic and abroad; It is the
anthem of the charro associations and is considered, due to its frequent
performance at official events, as the "second national anthem."
The performances of the international Zacatecas State Music Band , directed by

Octaviano Sigala, Juan Pablo García and Salvador García, have been famous; as
well as the Typical Orchestra of young ladies, directed by Fernando Villalpando. It
is important to highlight the tumbazo (from Jerez) that cannot be missing in the
Zacatecan festivals.
Traditional costumes
The difference in regional clothing for women and men is clear.
 The woman's clothing consists of a red cloth skirt , "A" line in front, since it
has planks in the back. At the bottom of the skirt there is a stripe with
embroidered flowers. A white lace background protrudes from the skirt. The
blouse , white and made of French brocade, has a high collar, viceregal
type; baggy sleeves, except from the elbow to the shin, buttoned and fitted
to the waist from which a pleated skirt of the same fabric falls.
 The typical men's suit consists of beige pants , they can be other colors, a
white high-collar shirt with embroidery on the pectoral and cuffs with frill
ends. It is accompanied by a red jacket with three-quarter sleeves, open and
decorated with buttons.
TYPICAL FOOD OF ZACATECAS

Within the wide range of delicious typical regional
dishes, the Wedding Asado stands out, so called
because it is very common to be served at regional
weddings. It is prepared with pork loin cut into
small pieces, which is fried and a sauce of red
ancho chiles, fried in butter, is added; It is
seasoned with pepper, cloves, cinnamon, bay leaf,
orange peel, golden bread (to thicken it), chocolate bar, sugar and salt to taste, at
the end it is served with slices of raw onion and accompanied by soup of rice.
Other dishes of popular consumption and demand are: birria de carnero, Menudo,
pozole rojo, enchiladas, meat marinated in red chili and gorditas stuffed with stew,
among others.
The typical Zacatecan drink is Huitzila mezcal,

however, Zacatecas is also an excellent wine
region, where exquisite table wines are produced:
red, white and rosé. As desserts, there are the
delicious Jerez cocadas, melcochas and
charamuscas, guava and quince pastes, milk
hams, prickly pear cheese and honey, as well as
the traditional sweets of: camote, biznaga, chilacayote and pumpkin.
Holy Week holidays throughout the state, variable date; Morisma festivals in
Zacatecas, at the end of August; Las Morismas del Pánuco, Morelos and
Guadalupe, June 24; Spring Fair in Jerez, Saturday of Glory; Candlemas Festival
in Sombrerete, February 2; Rio Grande Carnival, variable date; October festivities
in Nochistlán; Zacatecas National Fair, in September; Fresnillo Regional Fair, in
September; Foundation of the City of Zacatecas, September 8; San Sebastián
Festival of the Los Cañones Region, January 29; Tuna Fair in Ojo Caliente, in
September; San Judas Tadeo Fair in Villanueva, October; Regional Fair in
Guadalupe, from December 10 to 18
Matachines throughout the state; dance of the feather and Indians, in Miguel
Auza; of horses in Río Grande and Fresnillo; the tastuanes, the zuchil, the
caxcanes, the palm and jaras in Juchipila and Mexicapan in Zacatecas.

Anthology of Mexican Folkloric Diversity

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Anthology of Mexican Folkloric Diversity

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MARIA DEL ROSARIO GUZMAN HERNANDEZ

“ANTHOLOGY OF MEXICAN FOLK DIVERSITY”

Ceb 5/5 QGB

'Anthology of Mexican folkloric diversity'

Student: Maria del Rosario Guzman Hernandez.

Teacher. Edwin Ivan Luna.

CD. Guzmán municipality of Zapotlan el Grande Jalisco. June 10, 2010.

9.Federal District-Mexico City…………………………………………

11. State of Mexico………………………………………………………………

12. Guanajuato ……………………………………………………………………

13. Warrior ………………………………………………………………

14. Hidalgo ……………………………………………………………………….

16. Michoacán ………………………………………………………………..

17. Morelos …………………………………………………………………..

19. Nuevo León ……………………………………………………………………….

23. Quintana Roo ………………………………………………………………….

24. San Luis Potosí ……………………………………………………………..

27. Tabasco ……………………………………………………………………..

The training of the members is composed as follows:

- Two captains forward.

The functions of the old man of the dance are:

order of the dancers.

- Sometimes wears a wig or hat.

In Aguascalientes the Matlachin clothing consists of:

SOCKS.- They have always been used in red.

HUARACHE.- It is known as Zacatecano or three-hole, it consists of 3 or 4 soles and a

PATIO OR COTENSE.- It is a blanket square folded in a triangle, it can be embroidered with

BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTH

For this reason, in 1955 a contest was held to

WOMEN. The representative suit is made of

. TYPICAL FOOD OF BAJA CALIFORNIA NORTE

In Baja California Norte there is a vast gastronomic

It is known by many that the traditional food of

90% of Mexico's renowned wines are grown and

BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR.

WOMEN'S TYPICAL COSTUMES . Made of charmés or satin, in red, white and

Chiapas food is very varied. Since one of the state's

Chiapas are great consumers of healthy food, such as

POPULAR MUSIC: Northern accordion and sixth bass ensembles; indigenous

The stews are generally made with vegetables and

Dance of the Lechuguilla

The Tlaxcaltecan Dance of the Ojo de Agua

Polka, Redova and Chotis

 Rattle made from gourd filled with anthill pebbles.

Typical Colima Costumes

MUSIC: Well, it enjoys musical expressions similar to those of its neighboring

GASTRONOMY: Durango cuisine is distinguished by the use of all types of meat

The city of Guanajuato

The typical costume of the Guanajuato "Galereña" was

Back and chest were covered by a white blouse with an

In Guerrero, two different musical rhythms are appreciated, in two different

Of the alcoholic varieties, Guerrero mezcal is superior, according to connoisseurs,

The quechquemel is made up of a rectangular strip of blanket, folded in half to form

Gastronomy: The most representative dishes of the state are:-Pozole,. Menudo

Typical Michoacan Costumes

Woman: The woman's costume consists of a "sabalina" skirt, which is fastened

 Charal (fish) from Pátzcuaro .

Nowadays it is made of velvet fabric, and black is mainly

TERRITORIAL EXTENSION: The total area of the territory of Morelos is 4,950

GASTRONOMY: Some of its typical dishes are:

The Cesina of Yecapixtla.

Terrine of Crabs and Romeritos.

The typical costume of the State of Mexico is a mixture of