UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

PRESIDENT’S OFFICE REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERMENT

THE CITY COUNCIL OF DODOMA
DODOMA SECONDARY SCHOOL
P.O.BOX 32, DODOMA Email:dodoma@sec.dodomacc.go.tz
TEL : 026 – 2321163 Mob: 0714 696 81

FORM FIVE PCB

HOME ACADEMIC PACKAGE
INSTRUCTIONS
This package consists of various subjects basing on their
combinations.
You are required to answer all questions in each subject
Use exercise book (counter book) to answer the questions
The time allocated is 05 days.
For more clarification call academic teachers:-
1. Mr. Ntilema – 0752 537 613/0785 410 141
2. Madam Nambuta - 0621000609 /0782915302

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 GENERAL STUDIES
1. Explain about the philosophical ideas of Julius Nyerere on
Education for self – reliance and five steps taken since
independence to reshape Tanzanian Education System (six points)

2. Analyse the reasons behind which contributed to the failure of

Tanzanian youths to be self-reliant and Entrepreneurs. (six points)

3. Assess six achievements of South African Development community

(SADC). (six points)

4. Explain the role of the big powers in maintaining peace and

understanding of the world. (eight points)

5. With six points, explain why the Community Based Organization

(CBO’s) and Faith Based Organization have turned to be good
agents in the democratization process.

6. With six points explain precisely the functions of the local

Government in Tanzania.

7. Analyse the negative effects of the development of science and

Technology in a poor country like Tanzania. (six points)

8. Critically discuss the Socio-economic impact of various media in

relation to their influence on the values, ideas and cultures of the
society. (Any six (06) points

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 BASIC APPLIED MATHEMATICS
1. Use a scientific calculator to evaluate the following to 4 significant
digits
2
cos 240°−𝑒 2
(a) (i) [ ]
√1156 .

ln 20
(ii) [𝑙𝑛20 + 𝜋 20 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛30°(100%)20 ]
sin 30°

(b) Solve the equations

(i) log(𝑥 + 3) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔[(𝑥 + 1) + 2]
(ii) 93𝑥+2 = 27𝑥+1

2. By using turning points and intercepts, draw the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) =

𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 5 and from the graph state.

(a) (i) Turning point

(ii) Domain and range

(b) Find the value of k if 𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 𝑘𝑥 + 5 has remainder 17

when divided by 𝑥 − 2

3. (a) find the sum of the following series

(i). 5 + 15 + 45 + ⋯ + 3645.

1 1 1 1
(ii). + + +⋯+ .
2 6 18 1458

(b). Solve by substitution method

𝑥+𝑦 =8
{
𝑥𝑦 = 15

4. (a) (i) Differentiate 𝑦 = √(2𝑥 + 4)2

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 (ii). Differentiate 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦

3𝑥+1
(iii) Differentiate 𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥+3

(b). Find and hence state the nature of the stationary points of the
curve

𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 2

5. (a)(i). Integrate 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥√(𝑥 2 − 4) 𝑑𝑥

1
(ii). Evaluate ∫0 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)5 𝑑𝑥

(b). Find the volume of revolution by the curve 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 form y=0

to y=4

6. Find 𝑃10 , 𝑃60 , and 𝑃90 for

CI 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69
F 2 5 9 12 8 4

1 1
7. (a).Two events A and B are such that , 𝑃(𝐴) = , 𝑃(𝐵) = , 𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐵) =
3 2
1
. Find
4
(i) 𝑃(𝐴⁄𝐵𝚤 ) (ii) , 𝑃(𝐴𝚤 ⁄𝐵)

(b). Find the value of n given that:

(i). 3(𝑛3) = (𝑛2)

(ii). 3(𝑛5) = (𝑛6)

8. (a). Given that 𝑡𝑎𝑛75° = 2 + √3 , find in the form 𝑚 = 𝑛 + √3

where m and n are integers, the value of:
(i). 𝑡𝑎𝑛15°

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 (ii). tan 105°

(b)(i). Eliminate theta from the equations 𝑥 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 and 𝑦 =

3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

(ii). find the value of theta ranging from 180° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360° for:
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 =
2

3 2 𝑎
9. (a). Find the value of ‘’a’’ given that 𝑀 = [1 −1 1] has no solution
2 3 1
1 1 1
(b). If𝐴 = (2 −2 −1), 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−Ι
1 3 −2

10. A manufacturer has 24, 36, & 18 tons of wood, plastic and steel
respectively. To make the possible product A requires 1, 3, 2 tons of
wood, plastic & steel. While the product B requires 3, 4, & 1 tons of
wood, plastic & steel respectively. To make it product A sells for
400,000/= and B sells for 600,000/=. How many product of each
should the manufacturer make to obtain the maximum gross income?

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 PHYSICS - SET 1
22
 Pie,π =
7
 Acceleration due to gravity .g=9.81m/s2
 Mass of the Earth,me =5.98×1024kg

Gravitational constant,G=6.67× 10−11 kg-1m3s-2
 Radius of the Earth ,R=6400Km

1. a) (i).Identify two drawbacks of dimensional analysis

(ii)Explain the importance of dimensional analysis inspire of its
drawbacks?
b) What is the basic requirement for a physical relation to be correct?
c) The water tank has a diameter d and height h, if the speed v of
water through outlet the bottom probably depends on the height h of
water filled in, density ρ of water and acceleration g due to gravity.
By using dimensional analysis derive the expression which shows how
speed relates with those quantities.

2. a) (i) Explain what  a units, following the value of a parameter,

signify in experimental Physics.
(ii). A physical quantity P is related to four observable a, b,c
a 3b 2
and d as follows P  1

c2d
The percentage error of measurements in a is1%, b is 3%, c is 4%
and d is 2%. What is the percentage error in P?
b).Compute the numerical value of J and error in it for the relation
 I 2R  t
J    given that I = 2.5 ± 0.05, R = 11.36 ± 0.01, W
W  m  
= 21 ± 1, m =155 ± 1, θ = 28 ± 0.5, and t = 298 ± 0.5

3. a) (i)Write two assumptions one should consider when he or she

want to deal with projectile motion
(ii).Show that the motion of projectile is parabola,
(b).The trajectory of a projectile launched from the ground is given
by the equation 𝑦 = −0.025𝑥 2 + 0.5𝑥, where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the
coordinates of the projectile on a rectangular system of axes. Find
the initial velocity and the angle at which the projectile launched.

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 c) A ball is thrown upwards with an initial velocity of 33m/s from a
point 65o on top of the building 16m above the ground.
(i).At what distance from the point down the building does the
ball strike the ground?
(ii).Calculate the time of flight

4. a). The radius of the ferns wheel is 5.0m and its makes one
revolution in
10sec. Find the difference between the apparent weights of a
passenger at the highest and lowest point, hence express the
answer as ratio of its own weight.
b) The curve on a level road has a radius of 75m. A motorbike whose
total mass with rider is 120kg has to negotiate the curve at the speed
of 54kph. If the coefficient of friction between the tyres and ground is
0.4, will the rider be able to go round without slipping? At what angle
and maximum speed should be learn to avoid slipping?

5. a) Calculate the angular speeds in radian per second of the earth;-

(i) Rotateson its axis and
(ii) Revolving around the sun
b) Suppose that you are standing at the equator, traveling in a circle
of radius 6400km, going round once in 24 hours.
(i) What is the centripetal force required in this motion?
(ii) Where does this force comes from?
(iii) Explain, why the weight of an object increases when you
carry it from the equator to one of the pole?

6. a) If the mass of an object attached on the spring is doubled, what is

the ratio of the new period to the old one?
b) When a metal cylinder of mass 0.2kg is attached to the lower end
of a light helical spring the upper end being fixed the spring
extends by 0.16m. The metal cylinder is then pulled down further
0.08m.
(i) Find the restoring force when pulled 0.08m
(ii) if the metal cylinder is released, find the period of
oscillation
(iii) The kinetic energy when it is at maximum height
7. a). (i).Explain why the recoil velocity of a gun is much less than the
velocity of the bullet

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 (ii) A 75kg hunter fires a bullet of mass 10g with a velocity of
400ms-1 from a gun of mass 5kg. Calculate: Recoil velocity of the
gun and Velocity acquired the hunter during firing.
b) In a crash test, a car of mass 1.2 x 103 kg collides with a wall and
rebounds
as illustrated below. The initial and final velocities of the car are 12
m.s-1 to the left and 2m.s-1 to the right respectively. The collision
lasts 0.1 s.

Calculate the:
(i).The coefficient of restitution.
(ii).Average force exerted on the car
(iii).Impulse of the car during the accident

8. a).Explain the concept of the following terms

(i).Moment of inertia
(ii).Torque
(b) (i) The figure 1 below shows unwinding disc with angular
velocity 𝜔.If the disc has mass 𝑚 and moment of inertia about the
𝑚𝑅 2
centre of disc is 𝐼 = .Show that the magnitude of acceleration of
2
𝛼𝑅
centre of mass is given by 𝑎= − 𝑔,where 𝛼 is angular
2
acceleration,𝑔 is acceleration due to gravity

(c). A disc of moment of inertia 5 × 10−4 kgm2 is rotating freely

about an axis O through its centre at 40r.p.m. Calculate the new
revolution per minute (r.p.m) if some wax of mass 20g is dropped
gently to the disc 0.08m from its axis.

9. a).Write the relation between

(i).linear velocity and angular velocity.
(ii).linear acceleration and angular acceleration.
b) A particle of mass 0.2kg moves in a circular path with angular
velocity of 2 rad/s under the action of centripetal force of
40.0N.What is the radius of the body?

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 (c). A string of length 1.0m fixed at one end carries a mass of 100g at
the other end .The string makes revolutions per second around
vertical axis passing through its fixed end. Calculate
i. angle of inclination of the string with the vertical
ii. tension in the string

10. a) Consider a mass m = 5.0kg hang on two strings at an angle

1  40o and  2  50o to the horizontal. The value of T1 and T2 are
determined as follows;-

b) A block of mass 0.2kg on top of a blockof mass 0.8kg. the

combination is dragged along a level surface at constant velocity by a
hanging block of mass 0.2kg as shown below;-

(i) The first 0.2kg block is removed from 0.8kg block and attached
to the hanging block. What is now the acceleration of the
system?
(ii) What is the tension in the cord attached to the 0.8kg block in
part (b)?

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 PHYSICS – SET 2
1. a) The mass of the earth is 81 times that of the moon and the
distance from the Centre of the earth to that of the moon is about
4.0 x 105km.
i) Calculate the distance from the centre of the earth where
the resultant gravitation force becomes zero when a
spacecraft is launched from the earth to the moon.
ii) Draw a sketch showing roughly how the gravitational force
on the spacecraft varies in its journey
b) The mean radii of the planets Earth and Mars are 6400km and
3360km respectively. If the mass of Mars is 0.11 times that of the
Earth. Determine the gravitational acceleration of the Mars.
c) IPP wants to lauch a synchronous satellite for ITT, Radio One
and other commercial purposes .The satellite will be placed 200km
above the earth’s surface
i) What would be the speed of the satellite?
ii) Calculate the acceleration of the satellite.

2. a) (i) Derive and then State Bernoulli’s Theorem

(ii) Define all terms that appear in Bernoulli’s equation
(iii) Rewrite the Bernoullis equation for horizontal pipe
b) (i).Distinguish four pair-types of fluid flows.
(ii) Give four characteristics of an ideal fluid.
c) Water enter a house through a pipe 2.0cm in internal diameter ,at
absolute pressure of 4 × 105 Pa .The pipe leading to the second
floor bathroom 5m above is 1.0cm in internal diameter .When the
flow velocity at the inlet pipe is 4m/s, find the velocity and
pressure in the bathroom.

3. a) Describe how constant volume gas thermometer is used to

calibrate thermocouple thermometer
b) The resistance 𝑅𝜃 of a platinum wire at a temperature measured
on a gas scale is given by 𝑅 𝜃 = 𝑅0 (1 + 3.8 × 10−3 𝜃−5.6 ×
10−7 𝜃 2 ), what temperature the platinum thermometer will indicate
when the temperature on the gas scale is 3000 𝑐 ? .
a) What is meant by the term? 𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦?
b) Explain thermal conduction for lagged spherical body

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 4. A copper constantan thermocouple with its cold junction at 00 𝑐 has
an Emf of 4.28Mv with its other junction at 1000 𝑐 .The Emf becomes
9.29Mv when the temperature difference was 2000 𝑐.If the Emf (E) is
related by the temperature difference 𝜃 by the equation 𝐸 = 𝐴𝜃 +
𝐵𝜃 2
(a) Calculate the values of A and B
(b) Up to what temperature may E be assumed proportional to
𝜃 without turning an error of more than 1%?

5. (a) State Newton’s law of Cooling

(b) Juma served a cup of tea at a temperature of 900 𝑐.It was too
hot to drink, so he put infront of a fan to cool down. After 3 minutes
found that it temperature was 600 𝑐 . By considering the change in
excess temperature, Calculate how long he must wait for his tea to
reach a temperature of 450 c. Given that the room temperature
is300 𝑐.

6. a) Explain briefly the following phenomena

i) For any gas the specific heat capacity (𝐶𝑃 ) at constant
pressure is always greater than the specific heat capacity
(𝐶𝑣 ) at constant volume
ii) Graphs for adiabatic process are much steeper than those of
isothermal process
b) Derive an expression for the work done for an isothermal change
from initial volume,𝑣1 to a final volume ,𝑣2
c) (i) Derive a relation showing the difference between the specific
heat capacity (𝐶𝑃 ) at constant pressure and the specific heat capacity
(𝐶𝑣 ) at constant volume in terms of 𝐶𝑃 , 𝐶𝑉 𝑅 and 𝑚𝑟
ii).Compute the specific heat capacity (𝐶𝑃 ) at constant pressure for
the Nitrogen gas, given that its specific heat capacity (𝐶𝑣 ) at constant
volume is 20.7 × 103 𝐽𝑘𝑔−1 𝑘 −1

7. a).(i).Explain the meaning of 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒

(ii).Briefly explain how refrigerator work
b) A fixed mass of gas is taken through the closed cycle A B C D A as
shown in the figure below

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 (i) Calculate the work done in the cycle.
(ii) How much heat transferred in the cycle?
(ii) Is the heat absorbed or emitted by the gas?
8. a) Two turning forks are sounded together and their beats frequency
is 4HZ. One of the turning forks has a frequency of 320HZ. When the
other turning fork is loaded with plasticize, the beat frequency
becomes 6HZ. What is the frequency of the other tuning fork before
being loaded with plasticine?
b).Calculate the speed of sound in a gas in which two waves of
wavelength 1.00m and 1.01m produce 30 beats in 10 seconds

9. a).Calculate the frequency of the beats heard by a stationary

observer when a source of sound of frequency 100HZ moves directly
away from him with a speed of 10.0m towards a vertical wall. Given
that speed of sound in air = 340m .

b).Two whistles A and B each has a frequency of 500HZ. “A” is

stationary and “B” is moving toward the right (away from A) at a
velocity of 200ft. An observer is between the two whistles. Moving
towards the right with a velocity of 100ft. Take the velocity of sound
in air as 1100ft.
(i) What is the frequency from A as heard by the observer?
(ii).What is the frequency from B as heard by the observer?
(iii).What is the beat frequency heard by the observer?

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 CHEMISTRY – SET 1
For calculations use the following constants:-
 Gas constant; R = 8.31 Jmol-1K-1 or 0.082 atm mol-1K-1dm-3
 GMV = 22.4 dm3
 Standard temperature = 273 K
 Standard pressure = 760 mmHg
 Plank’s constant; h = 6.63x10-34 Js
 Velocity of light c = 3.0x108m/s
 1 litre = 1 dm3 = 1000cm3
 1 eV = 1.6x10-19J
 1 cal = 4.1858 KJmol-1
 𝑅𝐻 = 2.18 × 10−18 𝐽
 𝑅 = 8.31𝐽𝑀𝑜𝑙 −1 𝐾 −1 𝑜𝑟 0.0821𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑀𝑜𝑙−1 𝐾 −1 𝑑𝑚−3
 𝐺𝑀𝑉 = 22.4𝑑𝑚3
 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 273𝐾
 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑘 ′ 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ℎ = 6.63 × 10−34 𝐽𝑠
 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐 = 3.0 × 108 𝑚𝑠 −1
Atomic masses: H = 1, C = 12, S = 32, O = 16, Ba = 56, Cl = 35.5

1. (a) What does it mean by the terms:

(i) Wavelength (ii) Amplitude
b) List the value of n, l and 𝑚𝑙 for orbital in 4d sub shell
c) What is the wavelength of a photon (in nm) emitted during a
transition from 𝑛𝑖 = 5 state to the 𝑛𝑓 = 2 state?

2. (a) What is meant by the following terms?

(i) Colligative properties
(ii) Vant Hoff’s factor
(b) 0.96g of fruit sugar with simplest formula of CH2O was
dissolved in 150cm3 of water to give the freezing point of – 0.50650c
(kf = 1.860c kg/mol). Calculate the molecular formula of the fruit
sugar.

3. (a) Briefly differentiate the following terms

(i) Osmosis and diffusion
(ii) Ebullioscopic constant and cryoscopic constant

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 (b) The osmotic pressure of aqueous solution containing 10g of
Barium chloride in 1 kg of water was found to be 3.2 atm at 150C.
Calculate the apparent degree of dissociation of Barium Chloride in
water.

© Arrange the following gases according to the increase in their rate

of diffusion
𝐶𝑙2 , 𝑂2 , 𝑁2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑆𝑂2 . Give reason.

3. (a) Account for the following as applied in Chemistry

i) Partition law.
ii) Steam distillation
(b) Explain the three basic principles for steam distillation.
(c) Explain the main role of steam distillation?

4. Mr Bee and Miss. Jackline each was given a solution containing

10g of solute GB in 900 ml of solvent GM are asked to extract GB
using solvent GL, mr Bee decides to extract GB using the whole
900 ml of solvent GL in only one extraction. Miss Jackline extracts
GB using 450 ml of solvent GL per extraction that is she does two
extractions. The partition coefficient of solute GB between solvent
GL and solvent GM is 8, solute GB is more soluble in GL. Calculate.
a) The percentage of GB left in solvent GM after the
experiment by the first person.
b) The percentage of GB left in solvent GM after the
experiment by the second person.
b) Comparing (i) and (ii) above, what general
principle do the experiments teach us.

5. Vapor pressure of chloroform and dichloromethane at 298K are

200mmHg and 415mmHg respectively.
(a) calculate the vapor pressure of the solution prepared
by mixing 25.5g of chloroform(CHCl3) and 40g of
dichloromethane(CH2Cl2) at 290K and
(b) mole fraction of each component in solution
(c) Precisely explain the law governing your responses in (a)
and (b) above

6. (a) Give an account on the following terms

(i) Degenerate orbital

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 (ii) Wave particle dual nature of an electron
(iii) Convergent limit
(iv) Line spectrum
(c) An electron is promoted to the first line of Balmer’s series.
(i) Write down all orbital present in the electron destiny.
(ii) Give all possible values of magnetic quantum numbers
and spin quantum numbers of the electron destiny.
(c) Calculate the maximum wavelength and the maximum
frequency an electron transmission in the Panchen’s series.

7. (a) Precisely explain what is explained in the following laws and

principles
(i) Paul’s exclusion principle
(ii) Heinsberg’s uncertainty principle
(iii) The full and half-filled rule
(b) Support the fact that the following quantum numbers are not
allowed?
(i) n = 1, l = 1, m = 0
(ii) n = 4, l = 3, m = 4
(iii) n = 2, l = -1, m = 1
(c) Give all possible values of all the four quantum numbers for
2p electrons in nitrogen atom.
8. (a) How can the following terms be distinguished?
(i) Ideal solution and Non Ideal solution
(ii) Negatively deviating solution and positively deviating
solution
(iii) Azeotrope and azeotropic point
9. (a) Equal amount of helium and argon gases are placed in porous
container and allowed to escape, which gas will escape faster and
how faster?
(b)If the density of hydrogen is 0.090𝑔𝑙 −1 and its rate of diffusion is
5.93 times that of chlorine, what is the density of chlorine?

10. a) Define the following terms

i. Hybrid orbital
ii. Sigma bond (𝜎)
iii. Pi bond (𝜋)
iv. Intermolecular forces

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 (b) Describe the hybridization state of phosphorus in phosphorus
pentabromide (𝑃𝐵𝑟5 )

11. (a) Consider the reaction

𝐵𝐹3 + 𝑁𝐻3 → 𝐹3 𝐵 − 𝑁𝐻3
(b) Explain the changes in hybridization (if any) of B and N atoms
as a result of this reaction
© How many Pi bonds and Sigma bonds are there in
tetracyanoethylene molecule?

iii) The compound 𝐶𝐶𝑙4 and 𝑆𝑖𝐶𝑙4 are similar in geometry and
hybridization. However 𝐶𝐶𝑙4 does not react with water but 𝑆𝑖𝐶𝑙4
does. Explain.
(c) (a) The diagram below illustrates the boiling point – composition
relationship for benzene – ethanol system

1.0 _____________________________0 (Benzene)

0.0 __________ __________________ 1.0 (Ethanol)

(i) What do curve y and x represent?

(ii) What is the relationship between P, Q and R

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 12. (a) At 295K and 755 mmHg, 0.292 g of a gaseous substance
displaces 0.061 dm3 of air in the Victor Meyer’s apparatus. If the
vapour pressure of water at that temperature is 0.029 atm,
determine the Molar mass of the substance.

(b) Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are mixed to form a

mixture which was allowed to effuse through a small aperture in one-
third the time taken for an equal volume of Iodine vapour to effuse
through the same aperture.
(i) Give and state the law governing your calculation.
(ii) Work out the mixture composition by volume.

13. (a) Account of the following observations.

(i) Why ideality of a solution is considered mostly for dilute
solutions?
(ii) The use of pressure cooker is faster than using normal
cooking pans?
(iii) Why freezing point of 0.1 M glucose solution is half
that of 0.1 M Table salt solution?
(iv) Why the components on non-ideal solution cannot
be separated by fractional distillation?

14. Mr. Majura plotted a graph of vapour pressure against mole fraction
of a solution which was made by mixing L and M. The solution was
found to obey Raoult’s law and from the graph the equation: P = -
150X + 600 at 283K was obtained. P is the vapour pressure of the
solution in mmHg and X is the mole fraction of L. Calculate
(i) Mole fraction of M when the Vapour pressure of the
solution is 495 mmHg
(ii) Vapour of pure component which is less volatile
(iii) The atmospheric pressure required to boil the solution
with the mole fraction of L, 0.1 at 283K.

15. a) An organic acid solute establishes equilibrium between 50 cm3 of

ether and 500 cm3 of water. Titrating the mixture against sodium
hydroxide solution; 25 cm3 of the ether layer requires 22.5 cm3 of
NaOH while 25 cm3 of the aqeous layer required 9cm3 of 0.1M NaOH.
Calculate the partition coefficient of the acid between ether and
water.

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 b) Water and chlorobenzene do not mix in each other. Water being
solvent in which chlorobenzene cannot dissolve steam distils at 373K
under atmospheric pressure of 101300Nm-2. A sample of the steam
distillate contains 23.7 g of chlorobenzene for every 10 g of water.
Calculate the vapour pressure of both water and chlorobenzene.

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 CHEMISTRY-SET 2
1. (a) (i) What is an orbital and how does it differ from an orbit?
(ii) Give the possible value of L and ml for an electron with the
principal quantum number n = 3
(b) Explain the following principles and show how they are applied
when writing an electronic configuration
(i) Paulis exclusion principle
(ii) Aufbau principle
(iii) Hund`s rule
(iv) Half – filled and full orbitals rule.

2. (a) Briefly state the differences between

(i) Continuous spectrum and line spectrum
(ii) Quantum state and principal quantum number.
(b) The atomic spectrum of hydrogen in the visible region is given by
the following relationship.
1 1 1
= RH ( 2 - 2 )
λ 𝑛1 𝑛2
(i) What do the symbol λ , RH, n1 and n2 represent, indicate
the units of each constant Y and RH.
(ii) Give the relationship between, frequency wavelength and
energy of radiation produced by electron transition of a
first series in a visible region.

3. (a) The female members of a particular species of moth produce a

sex attractant of molecular formula C18H34O3. In an experiment of a
female moth is trapped behind a cell phone screen containing a 1
pinhole. It is found that 10-5 moles of carbon dioxide she produces,
diffuses through the pin hole in 90 second. How long will it require
for the number of mole of the sex attractant to diffuse through the
pinhole?

(b) (i) Identify and state the gas law used to answer the question
3(a) above.
(ii) Deduce gas law identified in 3(b) (i) above from the kinetic gas
equation
PV = 13𝑚𝑛𝑐 2̅
4. (a) (i) Define osmotic pressure
(ii) State van`t Hoff`s law of osmotic pressure.

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 (b) When 0.946g of fructose is dissolved in 150g of water, the
resulting solution is observed to have a freezing point of -0.0651oC.
Find molecular mass of fructose and its molecular formula if the
simplest formula of fructose is CH2O given kf = -1.86kgmol-1.

(c) When 114g of. sucroseis dissolved in 1000g of water, the vapour
pressure is lowered by 0.11mmHg.
(i) Briefly explain why the vapour pressure was lowered by
0.11mmHg after addition of 114g of sucrose?
(ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of sucrose if the
vapour pressure of pure water at 20oC is 17.54 mmHg.

5. (a) What is meant by each of the following terms as used in the lewis
theory
(i) Valence electron
(ii) Lone pair of electrons
(iii) Coordinate bond
(iv) Resonance structure

(b) Give the name of a geometrical structure and one example of

molecules formed from the following hybridized atomic orbital.
(i) Sp3 hybridized orbital
(ii) Sp2 hybridized orbital
(iii) Sp hybridized orbital

(c)Explain in terms of effect of hydrogen bonding as to why NH3 is

very soluble in water than PH3

6. (a) Give (4) the postulate of the Kinetic theory of gases.

(b) A sample of a gas has a volume of 79.5 cm3 at 45oC.
What volume will the sample occupy at0oC when the pressure is
held construct.

© Determine the volume of oxygen required for the complete

combustion of 25.0 litres of ethane C2H6(g) if all gases are measured
at the same temperature and pressure, what volumeof CO2
produced?

(d) With the help of Amagat`s curve, show how carbon dioxide gas
deviates from ideal gas behavior.

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 7. (a) State Hess`s Law
(b) State whether the following quantities are exothermic or
endothermic by assigning –ve or +ve to each accordingly.
(i) Ionization energy for Lithium
(ii) Electron affinity of iodine
(iii) Election affinity of oxygen leading to O- and O2-

(c) Ethane and elemental fluorine react according to the following

equation.
C2H6(g) + F2(g) CH3CH2F (g) + HF (g)

Calculate the enthalpy of the reaction given that

E (F – F) = 159KJ
E (C – C) = 339KJ
E (H – F) = 565KJ
E (C – H) = 414KJ
E (C – F) = 485KJ

8. (a) Explain the meaning of the following terms

(i) Isotonic solution
(ii) Mole fraction
(iii) Reverse osmosis

(b) Non Ideal solution exhibit either positive or negative deviation

from Raoult`s law. What are these deviations and why are they
caused? Explain with one example for each case.
Explain as to why there is a rise in Boiling point when a non- volatile
solid is dissolved in a liquid?

(c) At 300K, 36g of glucose (C6H12O6) present in 1 litre in its aqueous

solution has an osmotic Pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure
of another solution of glucose is 1.52 bar at the same temperature.
What would be its concentrations?

9. a) What are the meaning of the following terms as applied in organic

chemistry
i. A reaction mechanism
ii. Hemolytic cleavage
iii. Radical

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 iv. Carbonions
b) Arrange the following Haloalkane according to increase bond
strength and explain your answer
𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐶𝑙 , 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐵𝑟 , 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐼 𝐶𝐻3 − 𝐹
c) Write structure and IUPAC names of different structural isomers of
alkene corresponding to molecular formula 𝐶5 𝐻10

10.a) Assign IUPAC names of the following compounds

b) Write the structural formula for the following compounds

i. 3 - Ethyl – 2 – Methylpentane
ii. 3, 4, 8 – Trimethyldecane
iii. 3, 4, 4, 5 – tetramethylheptane
iv. Why Wurtz reaction takes place in dry ether?

11.(a) 0.58g of unknown hydrocarbon X produced 1.76g of 𝐶𝑂2 and

0.9g of water on complete combustion
i. Calculate the percentage composition of carbon and hydrogen
in X
ii. Determine the empirical formula of X
iii. If the molecular weight of X is 58g𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 , what is molecular
formula of X?
(b) Write the structural formula for the following compounds
(i) 2,3 – dibromopentane
(ii) 3,3 – dimethylheptane
(iii) 3,3 – dichlorobutan – 1,3 – diene
(iv) 1,4 – hexadiene

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 12.(a) Write an equation for the reaction of propylene with each of the
following
(i) Hydrogen bromide in presence of peroxide
(ii) H2O, H+
(iii) Hot concentrated Alkaline KMnO4 followed by
acidification.
(iv) Cl2, u.v light.
(v)Cl2/CCl4 solution
(b) The vapour pressure of ethanol at 200C is 43.6 mmHg
while that of benzene at the same temperature is 75.2 mmHg.
The mole fraction of benzene is 0.09 for mixture of benzene
and ethanol at 200C. Calculate;
i. Total pressure of the mixture
ii. Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase

d) a) Differentiate minimum boiling point azeotropic mixture from

maximum boiling point azeotropic mixture.
b) At 24℃ the vapour pressure of the pure C is 32.8mmHg and pure
vapour pressure of D is 174.6mmHg. A mixture is made by using
0.084mole fraction of pure D in which the partial pressure of C and D
are 18.5mmHg and 166.3mmHg respectively. Is this solution ideal?

13. (a) What do you understand by the following terms?

(i) Heat of reaction
(ii) Thermochemical equations
(b) Given the following reactions
Cd(s) Cd(g) ∆𝐻𝜃 1
Cd(g) Cd2+(aq) +2e- ∆𝐻𝜃 2
I2(s) I2(g) ∆𝐻𝜃 3
I2(g) 21(g) ∆𝐻𝜃 4
I (g) +e- I-(g) ∆𝐻𝜃 5
Cd(s) +I2(s) CdI2 ∆𝐻𝜃 6
Cd2+(aq) + 2I-(g) CdI2(s) ∆𝐻𝜃 7
Calculate the value of ∆𝐻𝜃 7 given the following values
∆𝐻 1 = + 113 KJmol
𝜃 -1

∆𝐻𝜃 2 = + 2490 KJmol-1

∆𝐻𝜃 3 = + 19.4 KJmol-1
∆𝐻𝜃 4 = + 151 KJmol-1
∆𝐻𝜃 5 = - 314KJmol-1

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 ∆𝐻𝜃 6 = - 201 KJmol-1

14.500cm3 of 0.5M ethanoic acid were mixed with 500cm3 of 0.5M

Sodium hydroxide solution in a polystyrene bedcer which has
negligible heat capacity. The initial temperature was 24.650C.
Calculate the enthalpy of neutralization of Sodium hydroxide and
ethanoic acid under these conditions if the temperature rose to
29.650C. Assume the heat capacity of the solution is the same as that
of water which is 4.18J/gk. (Note; Density of each solution is
1.00g/cm3).

15. (a) Define the following terms;

(i) Free radicals
(ii) Electrophiles
(iii) Nucleophiles
(iv) Homolysis
(v) Heterolysis
(b) Write the structural Isomers of molecular formula C4H9Cl.
(c) Write the equations for the following reactions.
(i) Benzene and chloromethyl benzene in the presence of AlCl3.
(ii) 1- chloromethyl – 4 – nitrobenzene and benzene in the
presence of AlCl3

16.(a) Write chemical equations showing how you would prepare the
following
(i) Butan - 2 - Ol from 2– Iodo butane
(ii) Propane from 1– bromopropane
(iii) Methoxymethane from chloromethane.
(iv) Butane from Ethane
(v)Methylbenzene from Acetylene
(vi) 1– Iodobutane from 1– bromobutane

b) Suggest suitable tests to distinguish the following compounds;

(i) But –2– yne from butane
(ii) Butane and pent –2– ene
(iii) 2– butyne and 1– butyne.

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 BIOLOGY –SET 1
1. (a)Within the body carbon dioxide is transported by means of
bicarbonate. Explain keenly
(b)Why do we breathe?
2. (a)Why should the respiratory surface be associated with rich supply
of blood capillaries?
(b)Identify the features which increase the surface area for gaseous
exchange in lungs and state their adaptations
3. (a)Explain why membranes are generally referred to as fluids?
(b)Name the chemical constituents of membranes and enumerate the
role of each.
4. Explain the role of the following cell organelles:
(a)Lysosomes
(b)Endoplasmic reticulum
(c)Ribosome
(d)Golgi apparatus
5. (a)Outline the characteristics of nerve cells
(b)State the role of synapses in the nervous system
6. (a)Briefly explain the concept of double fertilization in flowering
plants
(b) Outline any five changes that occur in the flower after fertilization
7. (a)Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using scientific
names
(b)Outline the rules of binomial nomenclature
8. (a)Distinguish between oestrus and menstrual cycles
(b) Briefly describe the main phases of an oestrus cycle
9. With examples explain symbiosis,mutualism,saprophytism and
parasitism nutrirtion.
10. Explain the factors that affect the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
of an organism

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 BIOLOGY – SET 2
1. Briefly describe the concept of reproductive isolation and how it
contributes to evolution.

2. Using examples, briefly explain the meaning, causes and

consequences of population explosion in plants and animals

3. A viable seed was sown under optimum germination conditions.

However, it did not germinate. Suggest the possible causes and ways
to overcome such seed dormancy.

4. (a)Discuss the concept of co-dominance

(b)In certain species of chicken, feather colour is controlled by co-
dorminant genes.
5. The allele for white is W and for black is B.The heterozygous
phenotype is known as erminette.
i) What are the genotypes for black, white and erminette
chickens?
ii) If two erminette chickens were crossed, what is the probability
that; they would have a black chick and a white chick?
6. (a)Identify and discuss the problems associated with the classification
of viruses
(b)Discuss with examples the economic importance of viruses

7. (a) What do you understand by the term osmoregulation?

(b)Explain the mechanism of osmoregulation in marine
elasmobranches

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