“LUIS VARGAS TORRES” TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

OF EMERALDS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING (FACI)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CAREER

SUBJECT:
PLANT ENGINEERING

TEACHER:
ING. EDUARDO GABINO MONTAÑO NAZARENO

ISSUE:

ISOMETRIC PIPING DIAGRAMS

CYCLE: 9th PARALLEL: A

MEMBERS:
BENITEZ SANTOS RICARDO
GREFA GONZALEZ JUDILEY
MENDEZ CARVAJAL GLADYS
RAYO GÓMEZ SANDRA

ESMERALDAS- ECUADOR

2020
 INTRODUCTION

Industrial processes that can be the transportation of liquids, gases or cables for
the transportation of electrical fluid, are generally represented in the technical
plans by means of lines that represent the pipe lines and by symbols that can
represent all kinds of components or accessories. , such as motor pumps,
compressors, valves, elbows, shunts, among others.
Pipe drawings can be in isometric or orthogonal projection, of course in the
case of orthogonal views multiple views must be presented to determine the
dimensions of the pipe sections and the location of the accessories or
components of the system. This condition implies that in many cases the
isometric projection is more used, through which the entire pipe network is
shown.
In the P&ID you can see the pipes, equipment and instruments of a plant, and
with enough experience you could understand the process.
But the P&ID are only a sketch of the plant, we cannot know the real shape of
the pipes or how the equipment is actually installed.
To really know what the design of the lines is like, isometrics of pipes are
needed.

Organizations that are dedicated to engineering works, due to their

specialization in different areas, must have work standards and procedures for
the uniform development of their activities. Such is the case of the pipeline
engineering department, which is why instructions have been prepared for the
preparation of pipeline isometrics.

GOALS

GENERAL:
Describe truthful, fundamental and precise information regarding pipe isometry,
emphasizing its importance, concept and parts.
SPECIFICS:
● Explain in detail the isometric diagramming process to facilitate its
understanding in the classroom.
● Emphasize the importance of pipe isometry.
● Present the parts to be made in this piping diagram.

WHAT IS A PIPING ISOMETRIC?

Isometrics are a set of dimensional plans (dozens or hundreds of sheets
depending on the scope of the project), used to design the piping system of an
industrial plant.

Isometric projections are one of the most commonly used methods because
they provide an exact three-dimensional view of the pipe. , and its components,
also provide the manufacturer and construction crew with a complete
visualization of the line or system.

Figure 1. Isometric representation of plant facilities

In the case of isometric projections, the pipe drawings are usually in real
representation, revealing characteristic details of the components of the system.
In some cases, the drawing in real view allows the components of the system to
be clearly seen and they are usually identified with items. so that whoever
interprets the plan determines the quantity or details of the components.
Isometric drawings can be used to detail and size a pipe, to order and specify
component parts, to mark special objects and pipe manufacturing notes, and to
locate pipe supports. In critical industries such as the nuclear field, pipeline
isometrics are used for seismic studies and thermal motions. Within a computer,
isometric drawings can be programmed with preliminary supports and hangers
and then analyze the systems reaction to earthquakes and thermal distortions
prior to installation, the design can accurately locate standard or special pipe
supports, hangers and steel hangers. crashes. (snubbers).
 Figure 2. Example of the isometric representation of a pipeline on an industrial plan

In the case of pipe drawings in isometric projection and simplified

representation, the names or characteristics of the components are usually
included in the drawing.

Figure 3. Isometric representation of pipes and instruments.

IMPORTANCE OF AN ISOMETRIC
Isometric plans are one of the most relevant documents generated by the piping
department. The weight of these plans for the planning of a project is very high
since they can become a bottleneck during the construction phase.
Based on these plans, lists of pipe materials are made (which will have to be
purchased), and they will be used to assemble them. The cost associated with
these two activities is very high and the implications that a bad design can have
are very high. Therefore, it is very convenient for the instrumentation
department to collaborate with the piping department during their development
phase.

PARTS OF AN ISOMETRIC PIPE DRAWING

BOX
Like any engineering plan, it must have an appropriate box.

Figure 4. Box of an isometric pipeline plan

The box must indicate:

➢ The code of the line that will be represented in the isometric
In the example: "04LBB20BR0101"
➢ Sheet number and total number of sheets used to represent all sections
of said line.
In the example: "4 of 4" It is the fourth sheet of a total of 4 sheets used to
represent the entire line "04LBB20BR0101"
Note: Each pipeline in a project must be coded, and will be represented in
the Isometrics.
➢ General conditions of the line, design conditions (568ºC / 36.2Barg),
specification that applies to it (E340), main diameter of the line (22").
➢ Revision control
 ➢ Entities involved in the project (Client, engineering, promoter, etc...)
➢ System project to which the isometric belongs

PIPELINE
The main part of the document is the part where the pipeline design is shown in
detail.

Figure 5. Isometry of a pipe

In this drawing you can see details such as:

➢ Dimensions
➢ Relative coordinates of the equipment, with respect to a reference point
for the entire project.
➢ Isolated or traced areas
➢ Support Location
➢ Orientation of each element, and required angles
List and complementary information
Detailed information about each element represented is indicated on one side of
the plan, indicating:
➢ Description of each element
➢ Quantities
➢ Materials
➢ Thicknesses
➢ Finishes
 Figure 6. Complementary information of an isometric plan

Important points that the instrumentation department must transmit to the

piping department:
➢ Definition of the terminal points where the pipe fitter ends and the
instrumentation fitter begins.
➢ Location and orientation of the instrument connection points.
➢ Dimensions and process connections of control valves.
Note: The installation of the control valves greatly affects the final design
of the isometrics.

Pipe isometrics can be divided into the following basic types:

1. System Isometrics
This type of isometric shows a total or partial system. It is used less
frequently than other types because it is more difficult to draw, displaying
a complete system rather than a simple line. System isometrics are also
used to graphically represent a piping system, for sales or advertising
purposes. Isometric drawing of the piping system is generally limited to
smaller diameter pipes, especially when threaded connections are used.
In this case, many dimensions are left to the manufacturer for field
placement. System isometrics are generally limited to relatively simple
piping systems.
 Figure 7. Pipe isometric representation

2. Field Manufacturing Isometrics

These types of drawings locate only critical aspects of the system, such
as major equipment. Dimensions are given only for larger pipe
diameters; many dimensions are calculated in the field by the
construction crew. Face-to-face dimensions for connections, flanges and
valves are shown on these types of drawings; Many of the planned
dimensions are verified on the job site.

Figure 8. Isometrics for workshop manufacturing

This is an example of a drawing for shop manufacturing which is also used

for the placement of pipe supports. Pipe manufacturing drawings must be
complete because lines for the same project are frequently manufactured
in different shops so all necessary information must be included. In
general, shop fabrication pipe isometrics are used for lines 2” (50.8mm)
and larger.

3. Detail isometrics
 This type shows particular and special details, for example, it details the
trace of the steam vein in a pipe isometric. The special arrangement and
other essential information are shown in the detail isometric drawing.
This type of isometric will sometimes show a small portion of a pipe or
piece of equipment to present dimensions for manufacturing.
To draw a pipe isometric, practice accepts a scale of 3/8” = 1 throughout
the pipe industry. However in many cases it is necessary to disregard
scale completely and only draw the isometric in proportion to itself and
the existing equipment as well as other lines in the piping system. If the
system is immense (as in the case of power plants), a much smaller
scale will be used. Because the size of the sheet is a restriction, the
draftsman will trim the lines as appropriate within the prescribed limit.

CONDITIONS FOR PREPARING A PIPE ISOMETRIC

Before starting the physical surveys, certain prerequisites must be considered
by mutual agreement between the person responsible for the project and the
technical staff.
● Determine the area according to the scope of the accepted proposal,
thus being able to define and identify the circuits, beginning and end of
each process (You must have a prior security permit and personal
protective equipment).
● Determine the number of isometrics to generate depending on the
number of lines that the circuits comprise.
● Delimit the scope of each circuit.
● The limits or continuation of the isometrics with respect to others will
preferably occur in valves, buried pipes or according to the conditions of
the arrangement of the lines.
DRAWING CONDITIONS
● The surveys should be drawn isometrically in three planes to one line.
● The drawing is made without scale.
● The surveys must be drawn with dimensions, that is, with dimensions
and elevations .
● Location references with respect to platform axes and equipment.
● Turns and double turns must be limited in their legs and angles.
● The level crossing of a pipe with respect to the platform cover must be
indicated in addition to indicating the elevation corresponding to said
level.
 Figure 9. Pipe Isometric Representation

1. North
2. Flow Direction
3. Pipe Section
4. Accessories
5. Valve
6. Circumferential Welding
7. Pipe Diameter
8. Elevation of lines
10. Facility Name
11. Area Name
12. Line Title
13. Isometric Control Number
14. Support and sizing

GENERAL AND ISOMETRIC SYMBOLS

CONNECTION ISOMETRIC ISOMETRIC WITH DOUBLE PICTORIAL
S ELIPSES LINE

BUSHING

CROSS
REDUCTION

ELBOW
REDUCTION
45°

ELBOW
REDUCTION
90°
VALVES ISOMETRIC ISOMETRIC WITH DOUBLE PICTORIAL
ELIPSES LINE

ANGLE
VALVES
BALLOON

AUTOMATIC
VALVES
DETOUR

CHECK
VALVES
SWING

CONTROL
VALVES
ENGINE

GLOBE
VALVE
 GATE VALVE

CONCLUSIONS:
 Isometric drawings are two-dimensional representations of piping
systems in which graphic symbols are used for the design, construction
and maintenance of process systems.
 Piping drawings use symbols to represent pipes, joints, valves, and other
piping components.
 In this type of piping drawing, pipes are presented in floor plans with
elevation views, section views, or illustrative views, specifically, in
isometric views.

RECOMMENDATION

 We as chemical engineers must perfect our teachings when entering the

field since we can address the main components of a piping system,
essential aspects to carry out a more appropriate design in the plant.

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