APPLICATION OF PROUST'S LAW

1. SUMMARY
In summary, what we could say about the topic of the application of Proust's law is that in practice we have to
verify what the law says: "the relationship of masses, in which two or more substances react to form a product, is
equal to a constant rp”. Seeing in the experiment the said law with its co-provation as we will do later.
After carrying out the experiment we obtained many results such as our results from various experiments we
obtained
No (exp) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
rp (exp) 0,878 0,906 0,827 0,826 0,825 0,917 0,818 0,842
After these data we carried out operations and we got an experimental rp of 0.855±0.126 (g) which we deduced
that we had to check with the theoretical rp that by doing operations we got 0.915 (g) and with which we said that
the law is fulfilled for this experimentation but of course we obtained errors, those errors could have been made in
the course of the experimentation or our error due to poor handling of the materials and with all this if we put each
experiment that we did and do a calculation of errors we have
%mistake 4,04% 0,98% 9,62% 9,73% 9,84% 0,22% 10,60% 7,98%
And with these errors we also verify that the experiment we did was carried out with good accuracy.

For the experiment that will be carried out, certain materials will be used that you must have (this will be
mentioned later) and also do not forget about the reactions that we will use later (this will be mentioned later) and
it is also noted that we must be very careful in this experiment if you are serious about manipulating it.

2. INTRODUCTION : The substances that are formed in a chemical process are obtained by various chemical
methods and processes.

Proust verified in this way that to form, for example, CO 2 , carbon and oxygen join in the proportion of 12 and 32
or simplifying from 3 to 8, his observations were interpreted by what is known today as Proust's law.

3. GOALS:

Carry out a chemical combination of metallic zinc with excess hydrochloric acid, to form a zinc halide salt according
to Proust's law.

Calculate the performance of experimental work, establishing a relationship between Proust's constants,
experimentally to theorists affirm compliance with the law. Also determine the formula of the compound formed

4. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
José Luis Proust, French chemist (1754-1826), after carrying out extremely difficult and careful work on
qualitative-quantitative analysis, established that the proportions in which substances are found in a compound
are fixed and constant.

Proust verified in this way that to form, for example, CO 2 , carbon and oxygen join in the proportion of 12 and 32,
or simplifying, 3 and 8, he made the following observations that were interpreted in the following law.

The law is: when two or more substances react to produce products; They do it in fixed and constant proportions;
the excess of one of them will remain unreacted.
This is also announced
The ratio of masses, in which two or more substances react to form a product, is equal to a constant “pr”.
A+ B → AB
Defines:
rp=Proust relation
cantidad de A
rp= =constante
cantidad de B
Proust's constant can be verified by carrying out a series of experimental tests
According to the objective
Zn ( s )+ HCl ( ac ) → Zn Cl2 ( ac ) + H 2 (ac )

Zn ( s )+ HCl ( s ) → ZnC l 2 (s)

After contacting the NH 3

HCl+ NH 3 → NH 4 Cl(neutro )

cantidad de A
rp= =constante
cantidad de B

5. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Well, for this experiment you will need the following materials and reagents to check the Proust constant.
Materials reagent
Flask metallic zinc
Pipette dilute hydrochloric acid
heating oven ammonia
A toxic gas extraction hood or chamber
Balance
pipette

Keep in mind that this reaction will produce a toxic gas, so you should take into account how this experiment is
carried out, seeing steps 4 and 5, carefully observe these steps.

After having all the materials, the following steps must be carried out as shown in the figure.
1 measure the mass of the flask (m 0 )

2 put the zinc in the flask then weigh 3 then put the hydrochloric acid in the flask + water

4 then heat up the hood 5 then when it releases gases, put it in contact with the
ammonia
6 then there will be a precipitate that will be measured again and once all the data has been obtained, perform the
Proust constant, verify if the constant appears and if the law is correct

6. DATA AND RESULTS

The data and results we obtained are as follows

No mo m1 m2 m(Zn) m (Cl) rp
1 70,28 70,71 71,20 0,43 0,49 0,878
2 68,54 69,02 69,55 0,48 0,53 0,906
3 70,59 71,02 71,54 0,43 0,52 0,827
4 69,96 70,15 70,38 0,19 0,23 0,826
5 69,64 70,11 70,68 0,47 0,57 0,825
6 70,67 71,11 71,59 0,44 0,48 0,917
7 70,92 71,37 71,92 0,45 0,55 0,818
8 70,32 70,80 71,37 0,48 0,57 0,842

In each experiment we obtained different rp data because we based ourselves on the theoretical result to find out
what the real rp is or what the theoretical rp would actually be.

A Zn 65 uma
rp ( teorico )= = =0,915( g)
2 A Cl 2∗35 , 5 uma

We saw that we had an error so we will fix what our error was.
rpt−rpi
%E= = AE %
rpt

The graph shows the results obtained

No rp %AND (rp- rp )^2 |(rp- rp )|

1 0,878 4,044% 0,000529 0,023
2 0,906 0,984% 0,002601 0,051
3 0,827 9,617% 0,000784 0,028
4 0,826 9,727% 0,000841 0,029
5 0,825 9,836% 0,0009 0,03
6 0,917 0,219% 0,003844 0,062
7 0,818 10,601% 0,001369 0,037
8 0,842 7,978% 0,000169 0,013
∑ 6,839 53,006 0,011037 0,273

The data
Average value
rp 1+rp 2+rp 3 …..+ rp 8 0,878+0,906+ 0,827+0,826+ 0,825+0,917+ 0,818+0,842
rp= = =0,855 g
N 8
Mean deviation

0,273
MD=|rp 1−rp|+|rp 2−rp|… .∨rp 8−rp∨ ¿ =∑∨rp−rp∨ ¿ = 0 , 0341 g ¿ ¿
8 8 8

Standard deviation

√
❑
∑
2
|rp−rp|
√
❑
0,011037
σ= ❑
=❑ =0,126 g
(8−1) 7
Probable value
υ=υ ±σ =0,855 ± 0,126(g)
Now we will see more clearly in the diagram of deviations in relative rp and the theoretical rp and there we will see
the errors that we made checking with our obtained values

Diagrama
0.94
0.917
0.92
0.906
0.9
0.878
0.88

0.86
0.842
0.84
0.827 0.826 0.825
0.818
0.82

0.8

0.78

0.76
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

As we observe in the graph, the error depending on the theoretical rp, the very high error that we made in some
steps but now we will see the relative rp as our
 Diagrama # 2
0.94
0.917
0.92
0.906
0.9
0.878
0.88

0.86
0.842
0.84
0.827 0.826 0.825
0.818
0.82

0.8

0.78

0.76
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Now we see that the error is not so much that it is within the accepted limits.
And so seeing in these two graphs that our error is less than 10%, we will say that the law is fulfilled
7. CONCLUSIONS
Well, in the conclusions we said that the law is fulfilled since we obtained experimental data with an error
of less than 10% with samples in the tables and that all groups obtained errors that we already knew we
were going to have due to poor manipulation, error in the counting the masses with the balance and many
other things that could have influenced the performance of this experiment so that we can comment on
these errors.

We also conclude that the change of the compound into another occurs and occurs following a cycle that never
ends since after carrying out steps 1,2,3 we were able to observe that we can carry out experiments without
harming nature then take note with the other steps(4 ,5) This helps eliminate gases without harming nature

8. OBSERVATIONS
The following recommendations are recommended to experimenters since if they are not taken you will suffer
severe damage.

- Do not inhale NH 3 or other compounds that produce the “care” experiment

- Do not come into contact with HCl as it could damage the skin, etc.
- Be careful not to damage the environment
- Wash laboratory instruments with water (H 2 O)
- Handle the instruments with great caution.
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
M.Sc.Eng. MARIO HUANCA IBÁ Ñ EZ