G AMN E SIAS

Members:
• Molly Barrios Castillo
• Gillian Cornejo Yaya
• Lizbeth Curi Paricahua
• Scarlett Nuñez Vasquez
• Lizeth Galván Machaca
• Wendy Zegarra del Mazo
 definition
Memory is a process of acquiring , retaining and remembering life experiences . Therefore,
amnesias in a few words would be the different types of memory disorders.

Amnesia is the total or partial loss of the ability to remember experiences

or events that were stored in memory and can be caused by biological or
functional causes.

Amnesia causes difficulty remembering past information , however, there

are also cases in which the person cannot remember new information ,
although they keep their past memories intact.
Symptoms The two main characteristics of amnesia are the following:

• Difficulty learning new information after the onset of

amnesia (anterograde amnesia).
• Difficulty remembering past events and information that
used to be familiar (retrograde amnesia).

Depending on the cause of the amnesia, other signs and

Symptoms may be the following:

• False memories (confabulation), either completely

fabricated or composed of genuine memories out of place in
time.
• Confusion or disorientation.
Cause of
THE AMNESIAS
There are many causes that can alter memory and produce amnesia, and
sometimes the cause may take a while to be found, despite the obvious presence
of its effects on memory. The most commons are:

- Psychotropic substances
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Traumatic events
- Eating disorders
- Intense mental stress
- Brain tumors

Use of certain medications (such as amphotericin B and lithium).

Psychological disorders such as Alzheimer's, among others.
Seizures
O- CLASSIFICATION OF AMNESIAS
ORGANIC AMNESIA

AMNESIA
02 TRANSIENT AMNESIA
FUNCTIONAL

OTHER TYPES
OF AMNESIAS
 organic amnesia
They are caused by brain injuries that cause general and irreversible loss of memory.

Causes:
• Bilateral lesions of the temporal lobes and hippocampus.
• Korsakoff syndrome.
There are two types of amnesia
• Anoxia.
depending on the time period
• Encephalitis.
affected:

• Retrograde or
conservation amnesia.
• Anterograde or fixation
amnesia .

Retrograde or conservation amnesia
Global or massive amnesia: Memories of the individual's
entire past can be lost, but the most common is the loss of
the recent past.
There is an inability to remember events that occurred
before this condition, although events that have happened
can be remembered.
after. It usually occurs due to trauma such as
diseases that affect structures
related to long-term memory such as the hippocampus and
temporal lobes.

Lagoon amnesia: It involves the loss of memories limited to

a specific and usually brief period of time: from a few
minutes to several days prior to the onset of the disorder.

Selective amnesia: It is a loss of memories about a specific

topic that has been significant in the individual's past. It may
be related to childhood amnesia.

Mammillary Bodysuits
 It represents a loss of recent memory. In this type of
amnesia, recent events and information that must be stored in
Anterograde or fixation amnesia
short-term memory to be converted into long-term memory
disappear. However, 4 past events prior to the situation that
triggered amnesia can be remembered.
Fornix
This is the result of a brain trauma that involves the
hippocampus, the fornix or the mammillary bodies,
fundamental structures for our memory.
mamilotalamito

Bodies parahpocampal

Amnestic syndrome : Corresponds to a specific memory disorder, with

loss of the ability to store new information (anterograde amnesia) and
loss of previously stored memories (retrograde amnesia).
 Transient amnesia

TRANSIENT GLOBAL AMNESIA

• Temporary total loss of short-term memory.

• You cannot remember recent events, you cannot create new memories or evoke anything that
happened in the last few minutes.
• Identity, language function, and perceptual, visual, spatial, and social skills are maintained.

➔ Migraine, Hypoxia, Cerebral ischemia

➔ Anomalies of venous flow or seizures.
➔ Vulnerability of neurons to metabolic stress.

ETIOLOGY
 Epileptic amnesia It is a subtype of temporal lobe epilepsy,
which is very closely related to memory.
transient

There is retrograde amnesia for a : Amnesia

few minutes before treatment and Subsequent to
anterograde amnesia after
treatment.
: TEC
Concussive transient amnesia is related
Amnesia due to head to memory disorders as a result of mild
trauma - TBI TBI, without loss of consciousness, or
with loss for a few seconds.
 functional amnesia
DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
The person is unable to remember personal information perceived as
negative or stressful. The causes of this type of amnesia are
psychological and not biological, where depersonalization can develop
as an effort to block a stressful experience.

It affects a specific event or period of time when the trauma

occurred.
LOCALIZED AMNESIA
In this case, only some
events are affected, within a
specific period of time.
SELECTIVE AMNESIA
 Patients forget their identity and their life story.
Some patients can no longer access well-
learned skills and lose the information they had
about the world. GENERALIZED AMNESIA

Patients forget information in a specific category,

SYSTEMATIZED AMNESIA such as all information about a particular person or
their family.

Patients forget each new event as it CONTINUOUS

occurs. AMNESIA
AMNESIA ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DISORDER
People with dissociative identity disorder generally also have dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue. Each
entity may have a personal history, so people do not remember what they experienced between each personality.

POST TRAUMA AMNESIA

Generally caused by a head injury (fall, blow to the head) and its duration is related to the degree of damage caused. Making
the individual not remember the events that occurred just before the accident due to a brief interruption in the short- to long-
term memory transfer mechanism.

DISSOCIATIVE FUEGE
If this leak is brief, it may seem like it is something as simple as an absence from work or a delay in getting home.
However, if the escape lasts several days or even longer, people can move very far from home, forge a new identity
and find another job, without being aware of the changes that occur in their lives.
 Other types of amnesia
injury that affects the limbics
SOURCE AMNESIA
They remember more or less well, although it is not FRONTAL AMNESIA
possible to know what its source is. Attributable to a and that is of interest to recent
INDUCED AMNESIA front connections memory and
FOR DRUGS especially to the verbal learning, there is

Due to the administration of substances that affect the 3 obstruction in cognitive

functioning of the brain, causing the events that processes, in evocation

happen at that moment to not be remembered.

 AMNESIA IN THE
DEMENTIAS
In so-called cortical dementias, such as Alzheimer's
AMNESIA IN BRAIN
disease,
TUMORS
Memory loss for recent events is the earliest and Deep tumors, tumors of the third ventricle, tumors of
most prominent disorder. These disturbances become the septum, etc., that invade limbic structures, cause
progressively accentuated and are accompanied by amnestic disorders. When these patients are
spatiotemporal disorientation and general evaluated, it is possible to determine whether the
disintegration of cognitive processes. deficiency is predominantly retention, encoding, or
recall.
 DIAGNOSIS
To diagnose amnesia, your doctor will do a thorough
evaluation to rule out other possible causes of
memory loss , such as Alzheimer's disease, other
forms of dementia, depression, or a brain tumor.

• Clinic history
• Physical exploration
• Cognitive tests
• Diagnostic tests (imaging, blood tests,
electroencephalograms)
For amnesia to occur, there may be triggers that help its appearance; such as excessive alcohol
consumption, strokes, seizures, and head injuries or trauma.

Amnesia is often accompanied by other emotional problems such as anxiety,

depression. Tension and difficulty sleeping.

As we get older, it is normal to become forgetful; the impact can be even greater
when the person is young and it is not in their plans to go through such a circumstance, which
can make recovery difficult.

There is no specific treatment for amnesia, but techniques and counseling to improve memory
can help people with amnesia and their family members cope.