NETWORKING

Types of UTP cables:

1. Straight through – For connecting different networking devices

2. Cross over – For connecting similar networking devices

Topology:
1. Physical topology – Real-time topology
2. Logical topology – Theoretical topology

Networking devices:
1. Bridge: It was used to connect only two same or different segment of network.

Bridge  Hub  Switch (Currently using)

 2. Repeater: It regenerates the weaker signal to stronger signal

Modem:
Modem undergoes Modulation and Demodulation
CSU/DSU:

CSU  Channel Service Unit

DSU  Data Service Unit

LAN and WAN devices:
 IP ADDRESSING
A device over a network has 2 address:

1. MAC Address
2. IP Address

MAC Address:

IP Address:
IP v4 Addressing: 2^32 ~= 4.3 Billions

0.0.0.0
0.0.0.1

....

0.0.0.255
0.0.1.0

....
0.0.255.255
0.1.0.0
0.1.0.1

...

0.255.255.255
1.0.0.0
1.0.0.1

...

1.255.255.255
2.0.0.0

....

255.255.255.255 ---->>> 2^32 ~= 4.3 Billions

Range for first byte:

The reason that the range is in between only 0 – 127 so on...

 IP Address has 2 parts:
1. Network I’d  Identifies the network that you are connected
2. Host I’d  Identifies the device

Subnet mask: Distinguish between the network I’d and host I’d

Network I’d represented in 1’s

Host I’d represented in 0’s

Globally we have 2 IP Address:

1. Private
2. Public

Assigning IP Address:
There are 3 methods
Static method (Assigning manually)

Subnetting:
Process of dividing a default or large network into a smaller or usable networks.

It is 2 types: 1. VLSM (Variable Length Subnet-Mask) 2. FLSM (Fixed Length Subnet-Mask)

 ROUTING

External components of the router:

Comport cable:

Based on the external structure the router Is 2 types:

1. Fixed
2. Modular
Internal components of the router:
Router Operational modes:

Initial Configuration of the Router:

How to configure WAN?
 Cisco Others
Cisco HDLC/PPP PPP
Other PPP PPP
WAN Configurations:
Static Routing:
Static Routing Configuration:
Dynamic routing:
RIP Configurations:
 SWITCHING

interface vlan 1
ip address <IP address> <SNM>
no shutdown
exit
Switch(config)#interface range fa 0/3 – 4
Switch(config-if-range)#
Switch(config)#interface range fa 0/3, fa 0/4
Switch(config-if-range)#
VTP Trunking Protocol:
Port Security: