JUAN MISAEL SARACHO AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY

VILLAMONTES FACULTY OF INTEGRATED SCIENCES

ENGINEERING CAREER IN OIL AND NATURAL GAS

RESEARCH WORK N°2

“Fishing Techniques in Oil Wells”

SUBJECT: PERFORATION IV
TEACHER: JOSE ERNESTO BAUTISTA RODAS
STUDENT: DENIS RAMIREZ SANCHEZ
UK: 97694

Villa Montes-Tarija
2020
INVESTIGATION REPORT
“FISHING TECHNIQUES IN OIL WELLS”
AUTHOR NAME: Ramirez Sanchez Denis
SUBJECT: Drilling IV
SEMESTER: 8th Semester
DELIVERY DATE: November 23
1. INTRODUCTION
In the oil field, any piece left in a well that prevents the execution of subsequent operations is called
a fish. This definition covers all stages of drilling, logging or production (maintenance, completion,
repair), including drilling bits, pipes, logging tools or any other metal item that may have been lost,
damaged, jammed , fallen or left in the well.
A fishing job is defined as the set of operations or procedures carried out within the well with the
purpose of recovering a fish that prevents or affects the continuity of the operating program of a
drilling well. Fishing operations can occur at any time during the productive life of a well; from the
drilling stage to the abandonment stage. To carry out these operations, we have various tools and
methods that can be applied to different types of fish, depending on whether the fish is free or stuck,
in addition to considering the area where the fish is located, in an open hole or in cased hole and the
diameter. Next, the different techniques or types of fishing that are used in oil wells will be
explained.

2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 FISHING WORK

Fishing jobs are classified in three ways: open hole, when there is no casing in the fish area; cased
hole, when the fish is inside the casing; or through tubing, when it is necessary to fish through the
restriction of a reduced diameter tubing. Open-hole and cased-hole fishing involve relatively similar
procedures, techniques and tools, but the problems and danger are different.
Open hole work is more related to well drilling operations. They are usually carried out with mud,
so there is a risk of pipe jamming due to the existence of differential pressure, so this must be taken
into account. always this factor.
While fishing jobs in cased holes are more related to the completion or maintenance of the well, in
these cases the same tool is used, the only difference is that it is smaller and the forces required are
lower.
Fishing occurs due to lack of contact or when control from the surface has been lost with any tool
inside the well, whether in an open well or a cased well. Fishing are operations aimed at recovering
part or all of the drilling string, bits, tool pieces or any material accidentally dropped into the well.

Classification of fishing jobs It is done when

There is no casing in the fish area

open hole
 The fish is inside the casing
cased hole

It is necessary to fish through the restriction

through the pipe of a reduced diameter of pipe

2.2 TYPES OF FISHING ACCORDING TO THE CONDITIONS OF THE

WELL

Open hole (bare, unlined) and lined hole fishing work involves somewhat similar techniques and
tools, but the problems and danger differ. Open hole work is usually related to drilling operations,
larger sizes and heavier loads than those commonly found in production and workover operations.

2.2.1 OPEN HOLE FISHING

Open hole fishing almost always takes place with mud in the hole, so the danger of pipe entrapment
due to the existence of differential pressure (adhesion to the walls) must be considered. If a string
breaks in an open hole, the position of the fish becomes a matter of divination; it could be covered
with sand in the center of the hole, it could be wedged in the side wall of a hole, or it could be lost in
a cavity. or in a collapse. Under such circumstances the fishing tool operator occasionally has to rely
on his own intuition. The problems of entrapment of the drilling column during the execution of a
well and the possible fishing of tools, generally originate from the presence of crumbly formations in
which it is difficult to control the stability of the well walls with the drilling mud. due to the swelling
of certain clays.
 2.2.2 CASED HOLE FISHING

This type of fishing generally occurs in production and well workover operations. For this, the same
tools are used as the open hole ones, but the difference is that these are smaller and their efforts are
less, but this does not mean that the fishing operation will be easier since they are equally dangerous
operations and that They require a lot of experience for success.

2.3 TYPES OF FISHING ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE FISH

This division has been made to make the selection of tools a little easier since there is a large number
and variety of tools on the market with different names but for the fishing problem they are similar
and have the same principles of operation in our case for PETROPRODUCTION. There are two
well-known service providers such as Weatherford with its FISHING & RE-ENTRY segment and
Baker with its OIL FISHING segment.
 TOOLS, but good in fishing tasks, the essential thing is not to waste time and if you do not have the
appropriate tool at hand, the rescue is delayed and therefore costs increase.
The division is as follows:
• Garbage or Scrap Fishing
• Pipe Fishing
2.3.1 FISHING FOR TRASH OR SCRAP

In the oil industry, generally a very common fishing job, after tubular fish, 1st constitutes: the
recovery of drill bit cones, wedges, small tools, steel cables and miscellaneous pieces of metal that
fall into the hole .
Although it is not a serious problem, even small losses of metal pieces in the hole can be costly due
to the time lost due to them, especially in wells with casing. There is no way that can be considered
the best to solve this problem. A preventive method is to keep a cover over the hole in the rotary
table or a disc-type gasket with the working pipe and annulus at all times, to avoid dropping small
loose equipment into the hole. Regarding this protective disc, in Eastern Ecuador it is known as:
"miss". Also, drill bits should be removed before they become too worn.

• FISHING FOR TRASH OR SCRAP

• The inability to continue drilling and/or having irregular torques

with a new bit are indicative of debris in the well.
• This can be:
- Drill cones.
- Tools.
- Slips.
- Any other object.

2.3.2 FISHING FOR SPLIT PIPE OR DISCONNECTED PIPE

The most common pipe sticking in drilling operations are: sand sticking, mud sticking, settling
(precipitation) in the annulus, keyhole sticking, differential pressure sticking, mechanical sticking in
packers and multiple strings. , sticking in wells with caverns, clay swelling, balling of the bit and
stabilizers, collapses, reduced well due to wear of the bit gauge, settling of cuttings, falling tool
parts.
There are different ways of a disconnection or rupture of the pipe in the drilling process, presenting
different causes that can occur, when the formations and the drilling process itself generate a pipe
sticking, below are the most main causes by which a disconnection of a pipe is generated:
 4- Material Fatigue.
-1- Breakage after a pipe leak.
-2- Over torque or Over tension.

• SPLIT PIPE

• Causes:
- Material fatigue.
- Breakage after hitting.
- Over torque or over tension.
- Others.

-3- FISHING MANEUVERS

3.1.1 VOLUNTARY UNSCREW

This procedure consists of unscrewing the pipe at a joint to a previously defined depth. For this
operation, the free point or depth at which the tool is not trapped must be previously determined.

3.1.2 UNINVOLUNTARY UNSCREWING

Unintentional unscrewing occurs when a left-hand torque motion is applied to a pipe string and this
causes the tool to disconnect at some point in the arrangement.

3.1.3 UNSCREW WITH EXPLOSIVE CORD

The explosive cord method is one of the varieties of instant fuse explosives with special
characteristics for this type of work. The assembly of the explosive cord for firing is simple, the
charge can be made up of one or more lines of the cord. This explosive is lowered with a coupla
locator. The upper end of the cord is connected to a special detonator and all these connections are
covered with special electrical tape.

3.1.4 PIPE CUTTING

This technique is used when conventional unscrewing methods have not been successful for various
reasons, in which case it will be impossible to detect the free point, therefore, the pipe will be cut.
There are 3 methods to cut the pipe string, chemical cutter, jet cutter and mechanical cutter.
a) Chemical Cutter. - This procedure involves using an electrical cable, a striker, and a chemical
compound (halogen fluoride) to burn a series of holes in the pipe, thereby weakening it so that it can
be easily separated with light pressure.
b) Choro Cutter. - This technique makes a cut using an explosive in the shape of a concave face
forming a circle. It is also made to run and is fired by means of an electric cable.

c) Mechanical Cutter. - They are tools made with a series of blades that allow cuts both internally
and externally. The internal cutters are lowered onto a small diameter string.
The external cutters are lowered with the scrubber pipes, the short sections of pipe that have been
washed are cut by this external method.

3. CONCLUSIONS

When reading the research, it is possible to conclude that it is very important to know the different
methods of tool recovery during the drilling process and the causes that generate these problems, not
only for an economic issue but also for a vital one, to avoid any type of problem. of accident, these
accidents that are generated by omitting the loss of tools are critical, we can also know the different
maneuvers that are used to recover the fish that is found in the subsoil.
Some tools are considered permanent losses because it is not feasible due to time and economic
factors, it is for this reason that cutting and abandonment activities of tools are carried out, this can
occur in collapse zones, which prevent further drilling due to the intended direction.

4. PERSONAL COMMENT

According to the research carried out, it is clearly explained that each of the types of fishing
procedures and the maneuvers that can be carried out, giving information to those who study it to
have a broad knowledge, contributing to the expansion of their criteria and thus being able to take
decisions regarding any problem located in the drilling and production processes.
5. BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://es.scribd.com/document/300599698/Pesca-de-Tuberia
https://es.slideshare.net/alambertb/pega-y-pescadetuberiadepozo2016-70235490
https://perforaciondepozospetroleros.jimdofree.com/app/download/5868812166/Operaciones+de+P
esca.pdf?t=1550363619
http://132.248.52.100:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/132.248.52.100/3078/tesis%20final.pdf?sequen
ce=1
https://steemit.com/cervantes/@gusran/operaciones-de-pesca-en-pozos-petroleros