HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK

ENDOGENOUS THESIS
HISTORICAL CRITICISM

NAMES:

 Patricia Barbara Calle Quispe

 Venus America Ochoa Argandoña
 Mayra Victoria Callisaya Carvajal
 Alejandra Cadima Gonzales
 Andrea Mariel García Aliaga
 Ruth Katerine Aruquipa Quispe
 Sandra Leon Zarate
 Magda Veliz Quispe
 Juan Carlos Canaza Quispe
 Carla Zentene Silvestre
 SOCIAL WORK

ENDOGENOUS THESIS HISTORICAL CRITICISM

that that
EXPLAINS HOW HELP BECAME A THE PROFESSION OWES ITS EXISTENCE TO THE RESULT OF
PROFESSION SOCIAL STRUGGLES

and and
EVOLUTION OF HELP FORMS THE PROFESSIONAL PLAYS A POLITICAL ROLE

as whose

ASSISTING WIDOWS, ORPHANS AND FUNCTION IS EXPLAINED BY THE POSITION THEY OCCUPY
ELDERLY IN THE SOCIAL DIVISION

becoming
LEGITIMATION AND FUNCTIONALITY OF SOCIAL ASSISTANTS
SELECTIVE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE also

that are
THAT IS, A CLASS SOCIETY WITH
THREE TYPES OF ASSISTANCE FIRST THESIS: SECOND THESIS:

SYNTHESIZE THE TOPIC IT IS GIVEN BY THE ROLE

OF SOCIAL LEGITIMATION PLAYED BY THE
CAPITALIST STATE
VOLUNTARY FOR THE THE STATE
INDIVIDUAL CLERGY AND
LAITY also
POLITICS AND SOCIAL SERVICE
he that
LOVE OF NEIGHBOR REFORMATORY HOSPITALS WITH THE
FOUNDED GOVERNMENT are

ENDOGENOUS THESIS HISTORICAL CRITICAL AND

AND SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL POLICY THESIS
PRECURSORS OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE

JUAN LUIS VIVES SAINT VINCENT OF PAUL

(Pioneer of social
assistance)
fund
that
HE WROTE A WORK RELIGIOUS ORDERS OF
RELIEF FOR THE CHARITY
POOR
 FORMS OF HELP MEDIO EVO

are

PUBLIC AID ALMS MUTUAL HELP

after

COS Arose

IN THE 19TH CENTURY DUE TO THE SOCIAL HELP PRACTICES ARE

SOCIOECONOMIC CRISIS TECHNIFIED

after

SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SCHOOLS and IT DRAWS BACK TO 1873 BY

ARE BEING CREATED OCTAVIA HILL

subsequently

IN LATIN AMERICA IT STARTED IN and BORN OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE

CHILE IN 1928

ORIGIN OF SOCIAL WORK

that

DATE FROM THE FIRST YEARS OF

THIS CENTURY

and

IT IS DISTINGUISHED IN THREE
PHASES

SOCIAL CARE SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIAL WORK

are

WHO WAS A CHARITY ASSISTANT DOCTOR'S ASSISTANTS OR WORK OF CONSCIENCE

LAWYERS
 HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK FROM THE ENDOGENOUS POINT OF VIEW

AND HISTORICAL CRITICAL

Endogenous thesis: This thesis seeks the roots of the profession in its evolution.
We will start by defining "social assistance" over time it has had different
connotations, for example: at first it was considered as alms, help, aid, etc., this
human principle that consists of providing goods and services was given according
to the material conditions and predominant values of a certain society.

Evolution of forms of help: The primitive community of assisting those in need

(widows, orphans and the elderly), this form of assistance was not discriminatory
just as it was not the form of access and ownership of land.

When evaluating the form of human coexistence, new social forms emerge that
prioritize power relations and consequently the natural state of social assistance
also evolves.

Selective social assistance: To better understand this, it is necessary to describe

certain characteristics of the societies of class societies, for example, hierarchical
social structure, private property, as well as the means of production. Social
assistance is transformed into material gifts provided by the ruling class through
programs.

Types of social assistance: Voluntary individual: it is what is commonly called

charity, motivated by the principle of "love of neighbor," Christian virtue, etc.

That organized by the clergy and laity: given the physical impossibility of
individual volunteering due to the increase in the needy population, hospitals,
lazarets, etc. are founded. The laity also organize themselves in mutual societies
and cooperatives.

The state: consists of the obligation of a government to provide collective or

individual service to the population.
Precursors of social assistance:

Juan Luis Vives , considered the pioneer of assistance, wrote a work called relief
of the poor.

Saint Vincent de Paul founded several religious orders.

In the forms of help in the evo environment, the following can be distinguished:

1. Public aid: provided by religious orders

2. Almsgiving: individual action
3. Mutual aid: this was provided by guilds, brotherhoods, etc.

The welfare benefit action as a background for the configuration of social

assistance: The poor were in charge of the church when historical conditions
change and the bases of the European feudal system are undermined and the
medieval church will give way to capitalist society that from its beginnings until the
configuration of a world economy in the 19th century will give two types of
responses to the issue of poverty

1. The benefit-assistance action as a form of social assistance

2. The promulgation of the first social legislation

EMERGENCE OF COS

In the middle of the 19th century, in England the economic crisis was happening, it
was increasingly deplorable, the hospitals provided deplorable services, the poor
were treated cruelly.

The forms of help responded to two lines (lines above), benefit action – assistance
as a form of social assistance.

During the 60's liberal ideas were set aside and beggars were created and aid was
considered a waste of money.
Without result, in 1868 a pastor named Henry Solly proposed the creation of the
council of action activities in both the public and private spheres, soon changing
the name COS.

With the COS, social help practices called social work were organized.

Societies similar to those in London were founded in the US, growth of institutions
trained to care for the poor, more institutes were created to carry out social
assistance tasks, giving way to social assistance as a profession.

THE CREATION OF THE FIRST SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SCHOOLS

1873 Octavia Hill where Holland was the first school of social service.

In 1900, they created the New York and Boston School in Chicago and Berlin, thus
giving rise to social assistance as a profession.

SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN LATIN AMERICA

It begins with the creation of Alejandro del Río in 1925.

GENESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL WORK

It dates back to the first years of this century, professionals ready to attend to
social needs.

PHASE I.- SOCIAL ASSISTANCE 1925 – 1940

1. Benefit-care conception

The dominant in the pre-professional stage “charity technician” was an

“assistecnico” an “executor of charity works” works thanks to the contribution of
donors.

PHASE II.- SOCIAL SERVICE 1940-1960

 3. Aseptic – technocratic conception

It began in the early 1940s, almost at the end of the 1960s.

Two fundamental moments are distinguished

- That of the influence of North American social work in which the aseptic and
technocratic conception predominates.
- The developmental conception: which emphasizes accumulation and
adjustment.

PHASE III.- SOCIAL WORK 1960 INTEGRATION

5. Consciousness-raising – revolutionary conception.

It is a utopia in that it is said that the system cannot tolerate the existence of a
profession that goes against the system. It is not possible, says Ander Egg, that a
revolutionary profession is possible, but rather how it is explained that there are
professionals committed to liberation, the important thing is to understand the fact
that they are not semantic differences, they contain different conceptions, equally
different theoretical and practical approaches. .

RECONCEPTUALIZATION:

In the mid-1960s, a particular political, social economic form was configured, a

group of Latin American professionals sought to provide a response to crucial
problems and gave rise to a “reconceptualization” movement.

Factors that drove the reconceptualization movement.

- The situation in Latin America

- The situation of the profession
- The influence of new orientations in the social sciences
- The student questioning
- The discovery of the political and ideological dimension of social action.
Reconceptualization a closed cycle

Ander Egg says that it is a closed cycle because it includes the revolutionary
process that creates it.

Criticism of the endogenist thesis

The endogenous thesis that maintains that the origin of social service lies in
revolution, organization and professionalization.

Criticism of the thesis

- The group of professionals in this thesis have diverse political-ideological

and theoretical-methodological conceptions and belong to various social
extracts but they have in common their endogenous position.
- They do not take into account the history of society as the causal basis of
professional genesis and development.

HISTORICAL-CRITICAL THESIS

It is a thesis opposite to the previous one, it understands the emergence of the

profession closely linked to the attention of the social issue by the state.

Thus, Lamamoto will place the emergence of the profession well linked to the
reproduction of class relations, so social service has a role to play within the social
and economic order, according to Lamamoto, he is a professional of consensus
and coercion.

Let us remember that the capitalist system in the 20th century was on the verge of
collapse, with a deteriorated economy and a social situation with unemployment
and poverty.

The ruling class, together with the state, made every effort to reverse this situation
by developing mechanisms for the extraction of the surplus. This strengthening of
the bourgeoisie had repercussions against the workers' organization.
Netto considers that when social policy emerges it does so as an instrument of
state mediation, so to understand social issues an executor of social policies is
required, hence the reason for the emergence of social service. Social service in
the US and Europe is given as a necessary instrument of the bourgeoisie to
dismantle collective mobilizations of workers.

Thus, the emergence of social work as a profession is due to social struggles as a

system and legitimizing it based on popular demands.

In summary all these arguments according to Montaño;

1. The genesis of social service is based on a totalizing vision of a capitalist

system and its contradictions.
2. The history of social history is carried out by collective subjects.
3. The emergence of social policies as an instrument of legitimation and
hegemonic consolidation conquered by the working class.

SOCIAL LEGITIMATION AND FUNCTIONALITY OF SOCIAL ASSISTANTS

The first thesis is summarized by the theme of social legitimation.

In relation to the second thesis, it would be given by the role it plays in the capitalist
state.

It is distinguished into two functional legitimacies and social legitimacy.

The first. Functional is the relationship between the social worker and the state that
is his or her largest employer.

The second. Social related between the social worker and the user.

SOCIAL POLICIES AND SOCIAL SERVICE

Endogenous and political and social theses. Social policies are those that want to
reduce social inequalities, and to increase the quality of the vine.
Montaño affirms that social policies fulfill 3 functions:

a. social function: related to the provision of services to the population in

need.
b. economic function: reduction to the capitalist in production costs and
reproduction of the labor force.
c. political function: the reduction of popular dissatisfaction.

QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What is social assistance that provides

a) Help, help and help
 b) Goods and services
c) Materials and values
2. The primitive community who assists?
a) To the individual who has everything
b) Charity action
c) Widows, orphans and the elderly
d) With sequence and work force
3. What is social assistance characterized by?
a) Critical issue
b) human principle
c) Benefits philanthropy
d) Philanthropic principles
4. What are the characteristics of selective social assistance?
a) Charitable, philanthropic and numbing
b) Workforce and consequence
c) Philanthropic values
d) Hierarchy, private property and the means of production.
5. How many parts is selective social assistance divided into?
a) The individual voluntary social, economic function.
b) The voluntary individual, the organized and by the lay and state
clergy.
c) Political function
d) Services and goods
6. What are the forms of medieval help?
a) Public aid, alms and mutual aid
b) Charitable action, social action
c) Development, welfare, social philanthropy.
d) Legal, charitable and medical.
7. In what year was the first social assistance school founded.
a) 1843
b) 1900
 c) 1700
d) 1791
8. The history of social assistance was in school.
a) Brazil
b) Paraguay
c) Chili
d) America
9. The conception for medical or para-legal was in:
a) Phase I
b) Phase II
c) Phase III
d) Phase IV
10. What is revolutionary awareness conceptualization?
a) It's awareness
b) It's a utopia
c) It is mobilization
d) It's organization
11. What does endogenist criticism consist of?
a) Labor issue
b) Personal issue
c) Group issue
d) Social issue

12. The Social Service has a function within the order which are:

a) Social, Economic
 b) Social, political

c) Economy, labor

d) Social democracy

13. The Capitalist system in the 20th Century was on the verge of Collapse for
the Following Reason:

a) Crisis of Socialism

b) Economic Crisis

c) Crisis of capitalism

d) Crisis of the revolution

14. What does Hegemony mean?

a) Control of a Country

b) Supremacy of one State over others

c) Social Economic Policy

d) Power of the economy

15. The Arguments of the Synthesis are:

a) The genesis of Social Service, The History of Social Service, The
Emergence of Social Policy.
b) Social policy, the argumentation of the economy
c) State Groups
d) The Social Economic Emergence

16. What was the last role that social work assumed?
to). Social politics
b) Social Economy
 c) Socialism in Politics
d) Social equality
17. Montaño to clarify that the two Legitimacies are:

1……………………………….. 2…………………………….

18. The endogenous thesis and social policy are considered as:

a) Actions that seek to reduce social inequalities

b) Actions for Political development

c) As Policy Generated in the Economy

d) Political Actions

19. What are the theses of Social Policies and Social Service:

a) Historical critical and political thesis, endogenous thesis and Social

Policy

b) Capitalism thesis, Democratic thesis.

c) Socio-Economic Thesis

d) Economic thesis

20. What are the Functions that Social Policy Fulfills:

a) Solidary Function, Endogenous Function

b) Social Function, Economic Function, Political Function

c) Development Function, Endogenous Function

d) Egalitarian function, democratic function

BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Aguilar, I., Chacón, L., González, M., Gozález, R., Jiménez, S., Loaiza, M.,
Mora, L., Murillo,F. and Ortiz,J. (2006).
- Lindquist, C. (2000). Social Integration and Mental Well-Being among Jail
Inmates. Sociological Forum, 15, 431-455.
- Uzcudún, B. (date not mentioned). Interpellation on the role of the
Penitentiary Social Worker. Journal of Social Work and Social Sciences
Electronic edition. Retrieved on March 26, 2010,