THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

What is a compressor:

It is a device that is responsible for compressing the

refrigerant gas and subsequently generating its
decompression in order to reduce heat energy.
Other components such as the evaporator and the
condenser also intervene in the process.

The low temperatures are sent to the interior of the car through a system provided
with a fan. Unlike other temperature control devices, such as refrigerators that use
metal pipes; These use rubber circuits to mitigate vibrations.

If the air conditioning compressor does not work correctly , temperature control will
be impossible, since the refrigerant will not be able to compress and therefore will
not cool.

What is the operation of the compressor?

The operation of the compressor is the one that

is responsible for compressing the refrigerant
fluid or gas and this allows generating a
compression-decompression period, which
produces a heat transfer from one side of the
circuit to the other. The force generated by the compressor causes it to compress
the gas that arrives in a gaseous state from the evaporator. What this pressure
achieves is that the temperature of the gas increases, which consequently returns
to its liquid state and heats up. This allows heat transfer to the interior of the
vehicle. As for the air conditioning compressor, it works using electrical energy.

Just as important as the compressor component is, are the elements that ensure
that it can perform its cooling function perfectly. Thus, the oil, the valve, the
pistons, the elastic rings, the seals, the thrust cushions and the oscillating plates
are key factors for their correct operation.

In order for our compressor not to cause problems, it must be in good condition, so
good maintenance of the part will prevent it from causing problems. In addition, it
should be noted that a repair of the air conditioning compressor is, on many
occasions, a really expensive expense, so we must ensure its correct condition.

Compressor parts:

The compression system will be made up of very specific and extremely important
parts in each step of the process; among which are:

 Axles and oscillating plates.

 Valve.
 Pistons.
 Thrust bearings.
 Rings.
 O-rings and seals.

And apart is the coolant; which is not considered a part of the compressor, but is
responsible for the cooling process.

Classification of “A/C” air conditioning compressors

Semi-hermetic: This type of air conditioning compressor has subdivisions: suction

cooled and low power cooled . They are normally used when making medium
power installations. Both compressor and motor are inside a pressurized container,
which can be easily accessed for repairs in case of failure.
Hermetic: They are generally smaller and cheaper, so they are used in
installations of minimum power and small size. Because they are so small, they do
not take up as much space inside the unit, but they are also characterized by not
having a transmission between the motor and compressor. It is difficult to access
its interior, making its repair much more expensive and complicated.

Open: For many it is the most popular and thanks to its versatility it is essentially
useful in medium and high power. Accessing them is quite simple, so repairing
them is economical and not complicated at all.

Depending on the operation of the compressors.

Rolling piston rotary: It is a type of radiator that guarantees a

high compression ratio. But it also lacks an intake valve, although
it also allows excellent coupling to the engine. It is characterized
by having a cencentric stator shaft and motor shaft.

Piston reciprocating: Its rotary system

changes to reciprocating and rotates in the
same way as a car, although in the opposite
direction. It is made up of a cylindrical
compression chamber, from where a piston
moves.

Suction Compression

Spiral rotary ( scroll ): This compressor is made up of

two pieces. These are the lower or mobile one and the
upper or fixed one.
 Screw rotary : It has two rotors: female and male.
The male has 4 lobes meshed inside up to 6
alveoli of the female rotor.

Causes why an “A/C” air conditioning compressor breaks down

 A/C circuit in poor or dirty condition.

 Capacitor in poor condition ( must be replaced ).
 Refrigeration leaks.
 Malfunction of engine components.
 Filters or valves in poor condition due to lack of maintenance or change.
 More oil or gas in the A/C circuit.
 Failure in the electrical system.
 Valve stiffness.

Tips for maintenance of the “A/C” air conditioning compressor

 It only consists of turning on the air conditioning at least once a month, whatever
the season. The reason? This will prevent the ducts from drying out and bacteria
or unwanted beings from being born and proliferating inside. Likewise, this will
allow the compressor to operate normally.
 You must give the car time for the compressor to start working. Waiting a few
minutes before turning it on will be ideal.

 If you think that the air conditioning does not cool with the necessary force, don't
worry, don't panic. Sometimes the ducts or filter are clogged by dirt, in this case a
thorough cleaning will solve the problem. If the problems persist, taking it to your
trusted workshop will be the best option.

 Changing the filter relatively frequently will ensure that we avoid numerous
problems in the compressor. Its replacement is really simple and you can do it
yourself, and the price is quite affordable. However, changing the filter can bring
with it a number of advantages, such as avoiding bad odors or ensuring that the
air that enters the car's interior is free of harmful particles.

The most common automotive compressors are:

 Screw rotary.
 Spiral rotary.
 Rolling and centrifugal piston rotary.

Bibliography

https://www.desguaceparis.com/blog/compresion-pieza-clave-automovil/

https://klimaelectric.com/blog/tipos-de-compresiones-de-aire/#:~:text=Los
%20compresiones%20de%20aire%20aconditionos,de%20pist%C3%B3n
%20rodante%20y%20centr% C3%ADfugo .
http://www.aire-aconditiono.com.es/tipos-de-compresiones_de_aire_aconditiono/