HoDucDongPhuong EEEEIU21047 Lab1

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HOCHIMINH CITY
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
EE084IU
Micro-processing Systems Lab
LAB 1
AVRStudio, Assembly and Digital

Input-Output
Student name: Hồ Đức Đông Phương
Student ID: EEEEIU21047
Class: Tuesday Morning
Date: 02/04/2024
GRADING GUIDELINE FOR LAB REPORT

Number Content Score Comment
1 Format (max 9%)
- Font type Yes No
- Font size Yes No
- Lab title Yes No
- Page number Yes No
- Table of contents Yes No
- Header/Footer Yes No
- List of figures (if exists) Yes No
- List of tables (if exists) Yes No
- Lab report structure Yes No
2 English Grammar and Spelling (max 6%)
- Grammar Yes No
- Spelling Yes No
3 Data and Result Analysis (max 85%)

Total Score
Signature:
Date:
International University School of Electrical Engineering
Table of Contents
List of Figures........................................................................................................................................................ ii
List of Tables......................................................................................................................................................... iii
1 Theoretical Background................................................................................................................................1
2 Experimental Procedure............................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Experiment 1............................................................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Experiment 2............................................................................................................................................ 2
2.3 Experiment 3............................................................................................................................................ 2
3 Experimental Results..................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Experiment 1............................................................................................................................................ 3
3.2 Experiment 2............................................................................................................................................ 3
3.3 Experiment 3............................................................................................................................................ 3
4 Discussion of Results...................................................................................................................................... 4
[Course’s name] i [Course number]

List of Figures
Figure 1: Circuit diagram 1........................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 2: Circuit diagram 2........................................................................................................................... 2
Figure 3: Simulation for experiment 1......................................................................................................3
[Course’s name] ii [Course number]

List of Tables
Table 1: Comparison of circuit parameters............................................................................................1
Table 2: Data of experiment 1...................................................................................................................... 3
[Course’s name] iii [Course number]

International School of Electrical
University Engineering
1 Theoretical Background
2 Experimental Procedure
Problem 1: Follow step by step the AVRStudio tutorial to create a new project and carry
out the simulation
Check point:
Signature of Lab Instructor Remarks
Experiment Run in AVR Studio
Problem 2: List contents of the related registers and SREG (Status) register for each line
of the following program.
For home work lab report activity, translate each line of this program into binary
machine code.
[Course’s 1 [Course
name] number]
.include "m32def.inc"
ldi r16, low(ramend)
out spl, r16
ldi r16,high(ramend)
out sph, r16
ser r20
dec r20
dec r20 subi
r20, -7 inc
r20
neg r20
com r20
clr r20
ldi r20,0x77
ldi r21,0x33
ldi r22,0xAA
Ldi r23,0xEE
add r20,R22 adc
r22,R23 adc
r21,r20 push
r22
push r21
Pop r22
Pop r21
name] number]
Problem 3: List contents of the R17 and SREG (Status) registers for each line of the
following program.
For home work lab report activity, translate each line of this program into binary
machine code.
ldi r16, low(ramend)

out spl, r16
ldi r16, high(ramend)
out sph, r16
ldi r17, 103
ldi r17, 0b00110101
ldi r17, 0xC6
andi r17, 0x65
ldi r17, 0x7A
cpi r17, 0Xff
subi r17, 0xFF
andi r17,0x55
ori r17,0xAA
Problem 4 : Give the comment for eachline of the program, Draw the flow chart for
following program, explain the function of this program. Simulate and Run to test this code in
name] number]
Proteus. For home work lab report activity, translate each line of this program into binary
machine code.
.ORG 00
LDI
R18,0xFF OUT
DDRC, R18 LDI
R16, 15
LDI R17, 0
L1: ADD R17,R16
DEC R16
CPI
R15,0x05 BRNE
L1
STS
0x600,R17 OUT
PORTC,R17:
L2: RJMP L2
Problem 5 : Give the comment for eachline of the program, Draw the flow chart for
following program, explain the function of this program. Simulate and run to test this code in
name] number]
Proteus.
.include "m328pdef.inc"
.equ numB = 20
.def tmp = r16
.def findnum = r19
name] number]
.def loopCt= r17
.dseg
.org SRAM_START
sArr: .BYTEnumB
.cseg
.org 0x00
ldi
XL,LOW(sArr)
ldi XH,HIGH(sArr)
ldi
ZL,LOW(pArr<<1)
ldi ZH,HIGH(pArr<<1)
ldi loopCt,numB
arrLp:
lpm tmp,Z+
st X+,tmp
dec
loopCt
brne arrLp
name] number]
ldi
XL,LOW(sArr)
ldi XH,HIGH(sArr)
ldi loopCt,numB
ldi findnum,0x00
F_Lp:
LD R16,X+
CP findnum,R16
BRCC CHECK_counter
name] number]
MOV findnum,R16
CHECK_counter:
DEC loopCt
BRNE F_Lp ;
HERE: JMP HERE
pArr: .db
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,\
10,11,12,13,14,15,16,\
17,18,19
Problem 6: Analyze the following code. How would the Port I/O pins behave if this code was
downloaded to and running on the microcontroller. Calculate the time delay for the delay
subroutine if the system has an AVR with a frequency of 1MHz. Run the code in AVR Proteus,
using virtual oscilloscope monitor Port C, compare the calculated time delay and the testing
delay time. Using Burn-E software and Programming Circuit to download and run on the
microcontroller Kit.
LDI R16,
low(RAMEND) OUT SPL,
R16
name] number]
LDI R16, high(RAMEND)
OUT SPH, R16
LDI R16, 0xFF
OUT DDRB, R16
mloop: LDI R16, 0x00
OUT PORTB, R16
call delay
LDI R16, 0xFF
name] number]
OUT PORTB, R16
call delay
RJMP mloop
d
elay: LDI R20, 200
LDI R18, 200
back: LDI R25, 100

NOP
NO
P DEC
R18 NOP
dloop: NOP DEC

R25
BRNE
dloop NOP
DEC R20
BRNE
back RET
Experiment Run in AVR Kit
Problem 7: : Give the comment for eachline of the program, what is the function of
following program? Simulate and Run to test this code in proteus.
name] number]
.INCLUDE "M32DEF.INC"
.EQU SRAM_Address= 0x0060;
.DEF a = R1
name] number]
.DEF b = R2
.DEF c = R3
.DEVICE ATmega32 ;
.DSEG ;
.ORG 0x0060 ;
data: .BYTE 1
.CSEG
.ORG 0x0000
RJMP START
.ORG
0x2A
START:
LDI R20, 0xFF;
OUT DDRB , R20;
LDI R20 ,
0xAA; OUT PORTB
,R20;
STS data ,
R20; LDS R19
,data ;
name] number]
LDI XH, HIGH(SRAM_Address);
LDI XL, LOW(SRAM_Address)
LD a, X+ ;
LD b, X+ ;
LD c, X ;
ST X , R20;
MAIN:
RJMP MAIN
name] number]
Problem 8: Give the comment for eachline of the program, what is the function of
following program? Simulate and Run to test this code in Proteus.
.INCLUDE "M32DEF.INC"
.DEVICE ATmega32
.ORG 0x0000 RJMP
START
.ORG
0x002A
START:
Ldi r19,0x66
Ldi r20,0x33
cp r19,r20
breq IF
ELSE:
LDI R16 , 0x11;
RJMP ENDIF
IF :
LDI R16 , 0x22;
ENDIF :
MAIN:
name] number]
RJMP MAIN
Experiment Run in Protues
name] number]
Problem 9: Write a Assembly program to monitor the PB3 bit. When it is LOW, send $38 to
PORTC. If it is HIGH, send $43 to PORTC.
Problem 10: Write a Assembly program to control 32 LEDs connected to

PORTA,PORTB,PORTC and PORTD with different Scenario, using the Delay following
function to make delay lighting time of each LED .
Delay_1s:
LDI R20,68 ;
DL3: LDI R21,100 ;
DL2: LDI R22,48 ;
DL1: DEC R22 ;
BRNE DL1 ;
DEC R21 ;
BRNE DL2 ;
DEC R20 ;
BRNE DL3 ;
RET ;
3 Experimental Result
3.1 Experiment 1
Problem 1: Follow step by step the AVRStudio tutorial to create a new project and carry out the
simulation
Check point:
name] number]
3.2 Experiment 2
List contents of the related registers and SREG (Status) register for each line of the following program.
For home work lab report activity, translate each line of this program into binary machine code.
.include "m32def.inc" ;Include the library of atmega32 micro-pro
ldi r16, low(ramend) ;loaded with the low byte of “Ramend”
out spl, r16 Output write the value of r16 to stack pointer low
ldi r16,high(ramend) ;loaded with the hight byte of “Ramend”

out sph, r16 ;Out put write the value of r16 to stack pointer high
ser r20 ;Sets register to all ones ( 0xff)
dec r20 ;Decrements the value of register r20 by 1
dec r20 ;Decrements the value of register r20 by 1 again
subi r20, -7 ;Subtract 7 from the value of r20
inc r20 ;increments the value of register r20 by 1
name] number]
neg r20 ;two’s complement negation – negates the value of
register r20
com r20 ;complement- take one complement of r20
clr r20 ;clear register r20 sets it to 0
ldi r20,0x77 ;loads the value 0x77 to register r20
ldi r21,0x33 ;loads the value 0x33 to register r21
ldi r22,0xAA ;loads the value 0xAA to register r22
Ldi r23,0xEE ;loads the value 0xEE to register r23
add r20,R22 ;add the values of register r20 and r22 and store it into r20
adc r22,R23 ;add with carry -add the values of r22 and r23 and carry
flag, storing the result in r22
adc r21,r20 ;add with carry-add the values of r21 and r20 and carry
flad, storing the result in 21
push r22 ;push the value of register r22 onto the stack
push r21 ;push the value of register r21 onto the stack
Pop r22 ;Pop-Pops the top value from mthe stack into register r22
Pop r21 ;Pop-pops the top value from the stack into register r21
Check point:
3.3 Experiment 3
List contents of the R17 and SREG (Status) registers for each line of the following program.
For home work lab report activity, translate each line of this program into binary machine code.
name] number]
. include "m32def.inc"
ldi r16, low(ramend) ;

out spl, r16 ; 1011 1011 0000 1110
ldi r16, high(ramend) ;
out sph, r16 ; 1011 1001 0000 1000
ldi r17, 103 ; 1110 1010 0001 0011
ldi r17, 0b00110101 ; 1110 0011 0001 0101
ldi r17, 0xC6 ; 1110 1100 0001 0110
name] number]
andi r17, 0x65 ; 0111 0110 0001 0101
ldi r17, 0x7A ; 1110 0111 0001 1010
cpi r17, 0Xff ; 0011 1111 0001 1111
subi r17, 0xFF ; 0101 1111 0001 1111
andi r17,0x55 ; 0111 0101 0001 0101
ori r17,0xAA ; 0110 1010 0001 1010
3.4 Experiment 4
Give the comment for eachline of the program, Draw the flow chart for following program, explain the
function of this program. Simulate and Run to test this code in Proteus. For home work lab report activity,
translate each line of this program into binary machine code.
.ORG 00
LDI R18,0xFF ;set program counter to address 0, indicating the start of the program
OUT DDRC, R18 ;Loads the immediate value 0xFF into register r18.sets all pins of port
C as output pins
LDI R16, 15 ;Loads the immediate value 15 into register R16.
LDI R17, 0 ;Loads the immediate value 0 into register R17
L1: ADD R17,R16 ;adds the value of R16 to R17.
DEC R16 ;Decrements the value of R16
CPI R15,0x05 ;Compares the value of R15 with the immediate value 0X05
BRNE L1 :Branches back to label L1 if R15 is not equal to 0X05
STS 0x600,R17 ;Stores the value of R17 to memory address 0X600
OUT PORTC,R17: ;Output the value of R17 to port C

name] number]
L2: RJMP L2 ; Unconditionall jumps back to label L2, creating infinite loop
 The function of this program:
This software configures port C for output and initializes two registers, R16 and R17. It then enters
a loop in which the value of R16 is continuously added to R17 and decremented until R16 reaches
5. Once R16 equals 5, the value of R17 is saved in memory address 0x600 and sent to port C.
Finally, it goes into an unending cycle.
The simulation:
The flowchart:
name] number]
3.5 Experiment 5
: Give the comment for eachline of the program, Draw the flow chart for following program, explain
the function of this program. Simulate and run to test this code in Proteus.
.include "m328pdef.inc"
.equ numB = 20 ;Define constant for number of bytes as 20
.def tmp = r16 ; Define temporary register
.def findnum = r19 ; Define register for finding numbers
.def loopCt = r17 ; define loop counter register
.dseg ;start of data segment
name] number]
.org SRAM_START ;Start of SRAM
sArr: .BYTE numB ;Define byte array sArr with size numB
.cseg ;Start of code segment
.org 0x00 ;Program start address
ldi XL,LOW(sArr) ; Load low byte of sArr address into XL
ldi XH,HIGH(sArr) ; Load high byte of sArr address into XH
ldi ZL,LOW(pArr<<1) ; Load low byte of pArr address shifter left by 1 into ZL
ldi ZH,HIGH(pArr<<1) ; Load high byte of pArr address shifter left by 1 into ZH
ldi loopCt,numB ;Initialize loop counter with numB
arrLp: ;Start of array copy loop
lpm tmp,Z+ ;load program memory into tmp, increment Z
st X+,tmp ; store tmp into data memory, increment X
dec loopCt ; Decrement loop counter
brne arrLp ; Branch if loop counter not qual to zero
ldi XL,LOW(sArr) ; Load low byte of sArr address into XL
ldi XH,HIGH(sArr) ; Load high byte of sArr address into XH
ldi loopCt,numB ; Reset loop counter to numB
ldi findnum,0x00 ; Initialize findnum to 0
F_Lp: ;Start of finding loop
LD R16,X+ ; Load data from X into R16, increment X
CP findnum,R16 ; Compare findnum with R16
BRCC CHECK_counter ; Branch if carry flag is clear (R16> findnum)
MOV findnum,R16 ;Move R16 to findnum
CHECK_counter: ;Check counter
DEC loopCt ;Decrement loop counter

name] number]
BRNE F_Lp ;Branch to F_Lp if loop counter is not zero
HERE: JMP HERE ; Infinite loop
pArr: .db 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,\ :Define byte array pArr
10,11,12,13,14,15,16,\
17,18,19
This program first replicates the contents of the byte array'sArr' to program memory 'pArr', after
which it gets the maximum value within the array 'pArr'. It accomplishes this by iterating through
the array, comparing each element to the current maximum value ('findnum'), and updating
'findnum' if a higher value is discovered. Finally, it goes into an unending cycle.
The flowchart:
name] number]
3.6 Experiment 6
Analyze the following code. How would the Port I/O pins behave if this code was downloaded to and
running on the microcontroller. Calculate the time delay for the delay subroutine if the system has an AVR
with a frequency of 1MHz. Run the code in AVR Proteus, using virtual oscilloscope monitor Port C,
compare the calculated time delay and the testing delay time. Using Burn-E software and Programming
Circuit to download and run on the microcontroller Kit.
.include "m32def.inc" ; directive includes a predefined macro file for
the ATmega32 microcontroller
name] number]
LDI R16, low(RAMEND) ; loads the low byte of the RAM end address
into register R16
OUT SPL, R16 ; sets the stack pointer low byte (SPL) to
the value in R16
LDI R16, high(RAMEND)
; set the high byte of the stack pointer.
OUT SPH, R16

LDI R16, 0xFF ; loads R16 with 0xFF, which represents all bits
set (all pins high).
OUT DDRB, R16 ; configures all pins of Port B as output.
mloop: ;Marks the beginning of a loop labeled
as LDI R16, 0x00
; setting R16 to 0x00 (all pins low) and writing it
to PORTB
OUT PORTB, R16
name] number]
call delay ; subroutine introduces a delay.
LDI R16, 0xFF
OUT PORTB, R16 ; R16 is set to 0xFF (all pins high) and written to
PORTB.
call delay ; subroutine introduces a delay.
RJMP mloop ; Repeat the loop indefinitely
delay: ; Marks the beginning of a loop labeled as delay

LDI R20, 200
;R20 and R18 are initialized to 200.
LDI R18, 200
back: ; marks the beginning of an outer loop labeled as
back
LDI R25, 100 ; R25 is loaded with the value 100.
NO P ; Two NOP instructions (no-operation)
are included, which effectively introduce a small delay.
NOP
DEC R18 ; R18 is decremented by 1
Dloop : The dloop label marks the beginning of the

inner loop.
NOP : Another NOP instruction is included for a slight
delay.
BRNE dloop ; instruction checks if R25 is not equal to zero If
R25 is still nonzero, the loop repeats.
NOP ; After the inner loop completes, we have a
final NOP instruction.
BRNE back ; Instruction checks if R20 is not equal to zero. If
R20 is nonzero, the entire process repeats from the back label.
name] number]
RET ; instruction returns from the delay subroutine.
Port I/O pin behavior: • Port B's pins are initially set to low.
• After a wait, all pins on port B will be set to high.
• The pattern repeats infinitely.

Calculate the time delay:
Total delay = (200*(1+1)) = 80,000 CPU cycles.
With a CPU frequency of 1MHz, the delay in seconds is 80,000/1,000,000 = 0.08 seconds.
3.7 Experiment 7
Give the comment for eachline of the program, what is the function of following program? Simulate
and Run to test this code in proteus.
.INCLUDE "M32DEF.INC" ; Including the predefined definitions for

ATmega32
.EQU SRAM_Address= 0x0060; ; Define SRAM_Address as 0x0060
.DEF a = R1 ; Define register a as R1
.DEF b = R2 ; Define register b as R2
.DEF c = R3 ; Define register c as R3
.DEVICE ATmega32 ; ; Define the target microcontroller as ATmega32
.DSEG ; Data Segment
.ORG 0x0060 ; ; Start of data segment at address 0x0060
data: .BYTE 1 ; Define a byte-sized variable 'data'
.CSEG ; Code Segment
.ORG 0x0000 ; Start of code segment at address 0x0000

name] number]
RJMP START ; Jump to the START label
.ORG 0x2A ; Code placed at address 0x2A
START:
LDI R20, 0xFF; ; Load immediate value 0xFF into register R20
OUT DDRB , R20; ; Output the value of R20 to the Data Direction Register
B
LDI R20 , 0xAA; ; Load immediate value 0xAA into register R20
OUT PORTB ,R20; ; Output the value of R20 to the PORTB register
STS data , R20; ; Store the value of R20 into the variable 'data'
LDS R19 ,data ; ; Load the value of 'data' into register R19
LDI XH, HIGH(SRAM_Address); ; Load the high byte of SRAM_Address

into register XH
LDI XL, LOW(SRAM_Address) ; Load the low byte of SRAM_Address into

register XL
LD a, X+ ; ; Load the value from the address pointed to by X into

register a, and increment X
LD b, X+ ; ; Load the value from the next address pointed to by X into

register b, and increment X
LD c, X ; ; Load the value from the address pointed to by X into

register c
ST X , R20; ; Store the value of R20 into the address pointed to by X
MAIN:
RJMP MAIN ; Infinite loop, continuously jumping back to MAIN
_The program initializes some registers and performs basic input/output operations, memory
operations, and looping.
name] number]
 The Simulation of this program:
3.8 Experiment 8
Give the comment for eachline of the program, what is the function of following program? Simulate
and Run to test this code in Proteus.
.INCLUDE "M32DEF.INC" ; Included definitions specific to

the ATmega32 microcontroller.
.DEVICE ATmega32 ; Specifies that you’re targeting

the ATmega32.ORG 0x0000 microcontroller.
RJMP START ; This relative jump instruction

(RJMP) transfers control to the START label.
name] number]
.ORG 0x002A ; Sets the reset vector to address
0x0000, indicating where the program execution begins after a reset.
START: ; A label indicating the start of the

program execution.
Ldi r19,0x66 ; Loads the hexadecimal value 0x66

into register r19.
Ldi r20,0x33 ; Loads the hexadecimal value 0x33

into register r20.
cp r19,r20 ; Compares the values in registers

r19 and r20.
breq IF ; If the comparison result is equal

(i.e., breq), the program branches to the IF label.
ELSE: ; A label indicating the start of the

ELSE section.
LDI R16 , 0x11 ; Loads the value 0x11 into register R16.
RJMP ENDIF ; Unconditional jump to the ENDIF label.
IF : ; A label indicating the start of the IF

section.
name] number]
LDI R16 , 0x22 ; Loads the value 0x22 into register

R16.
ENDIF : ; A label indicating the end of the IF

section.
MAIN: ; A label indicating the

start of the main loop.
RJMP MAIN ; An infinite loop, causing

the program to repeatedly jump back to the MAIN label.

The assembly program creates an initial condition by loading two values into registers
and comparing them. Depending on the comparison outcome, it loads different values
into another register (R16) before entering an infinite loop. In this particular program: If
r19 equals r20 (0x66 == 0x33, which they do not), then R16 is set to 0x22. Otherwise,
R16 is set to 0x11 (since 0x66 ≠ 0x33). The program ends by jumping to the MAIN
label, resulting in an infinite loop that prevents further execution.
[Course’s name] 1 [Course number]

3.9 Experiment 9
Write a Assembly program to monitor the PB3 bit. When it is LOW, send $38 to PORTC. If it is
HIGH, send $43 to PORTC.

3.10 Experiment 10
Write an Assembly program to control 32 LEDs connected to PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, and
PORTD with different Scenarios, using the Delay following function to delay the lighting time
of each LED.
Delay_1s:
LDI R20,68 ;
DL3: LDI R21,100 ;
DL2: LDI R22,48 ;
DL1: DEC R22 ;
BRNE DL1 ;
DEC R21 ;
BRNE DL2 ;
DEC R20 ;
BRNE
DL3



3.11 Experiment 11


4 Discussion of Results
In conclusion, learning convolution via these three ways gives you a thorough understanding of
both the theoretical basis and practical applications in micro-processing systems. It also
improves my expertise in using AVR Studio and Proteus, allowing me to comprehend exactly
what the code is doing. Thank you to our teacher, M.Eng.V.M. Thanh, who was very helpful
during the lab session.

HoDucDongPhuong EEEEIU21047 Lab1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

HoDucDongPhuong EEEEIU21047 Lab1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HoDucDongPhuong EEEEIU21047 Lab1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HOCHIMINH CITY

AVRStudio, Assembly and Digital

Student ID: EEEEIU21047

Class: Tuesday Morning

GRADING GUIDELINE FOR LAB REPORT

1 Format (max 9%)

- Font type Yes No

- Font size Yes No

- Lab title Yes No

- Page number Yes No

- Table of contents Yes No

- List of figures (if exists) Yes No

- List of tables (if exists) Yes No

- Lab report structure Yes No

2 English Grammar and Spelling (max 6%)

3 Data and Result Analysis (max 85%)

List of Tables......................................................................................................................................................... iii

[Course’s name] i [Course number]

[Course’s name] ii [Course number]

[Course’s name] iii [Course number]

Signature of Lab Instructor Remarks

Experiment Run in AVR Studio

ldi r16, low(ramend)

out spl, r16

dec r20 subi

add r20,R22 adc

Experiment Run in AVR Studio

ldi r16, low(ramend)

ldi r17, 0b00110101

ldi r17, 0xC6

andi r17, 0x65

ldi r17, 0x7A

cpi r17, 0Xff

subi r17, 0xFF

Signature of Lab Instructor Remarks

Experiment Run in AVR Studio

DDRC, R18 LDI

L1: ADD R17,R16

Signature of Lab Instructor Remarks

Experiment Run in AVR Studio

.def tmp = r16

.def findnum = r19

HERE: JMP HERE

Signature of Lab Instructor Remarks

Experiment Run in AVR Studio

LDI R16, 0xFF

OUT DDRB, R16

mloop: LDI R16, 0x00

OUT PORTB, R16

LDI R16, 0xFF

LDI R18, 200

back: LDI R25, 100

dloop: NOP DEC

Signature of Lab Instructor Remarks

Experiment Run in AVR Studio

Experiment Run in AVR Kit

.EQU SRAM_Address= 0x0060;

LDI R20, 0xFF;